Acute Low-Intensity Treadmill Running Upregulates the Expression of Intestinal Glucose Transporters via GLP-2 in Mice

The effects of exercise on nutrient digestion and absorption in the intestinal tract are not well understood. A few studies have reported that exercise training increases the expression of molecules involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Exercise was also shown to increase the blood concentration of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), which regulates carbohydrate digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Therefore, we investigated the effects of exercise on the expression of molecules involved in intestinal digestion and absorption, including GLP-2. Six-week-old male mice were divided into a sedentary (SED) and low-intensity exercise (LEx) group. LEx mice were required to run on a treadmill (12.5 m/min, 1 h), whereas SED mice rested. All mice were euthanized 1 h after exercise or rest, and plasma, jejunum, ileum, and colon samples were collected, followed by analysis via IHC, EIA, and immunoblotting. The levels of plasma GLP-2 and the jejunum expression of the GLP-2 receptor, sucrase-isomaltase (SI), and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were higher in LEx mice. Thus, we showed that acute low-intensity exercise affects the expression of molecules involved in intestinal carbohydrate digestion and absorption via GLP-2. Our results suggest that exercise might be beneficial for small intestine function in individuals with intestinal frailty.     

Comparison of the efficacy of low-intensity shock wave therapy and its combination with platelet-rich plasma in patients with erectile dysfunction

We aimed to compare the efficacy of low-intensity shock wave therapy (Li-SWT) alone and its combination with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Between January 2015 and October 2020, patients who did not benefit from the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i; 5 mg/day) for at least 3 months and underwent Li-SWT or Li-SWT with PRP were evaluated retrospectively. There were 93 patients who were subjected to Li-SWT only (Group 1) and 91 patients subjected to Li-SWT with PRP (Group 2). Analysis of the International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function Area (IIEF-EF) scores showed a significant increase in both the groups post-treatment (Group 1: from 14.33 ± 4.39 to 23.8 ± 4.37, p = .001; Group 2: from 17.82 ± 3.44 to 26.3 ± 2.55, p = .001). When the increase in the IIEF-EF scores was compared pre- and post-treatment between the groups with respect to the ED grades, there was no statistically significant difference between them. Furthermore, while the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) in successfully treated patients of Group 1 remained the same, Group 2 presented 1.5–3.5 times (mean, 2.4) prolongation. Their mean IELT score showed an increase from 2.2 (0.8–3.5) min to 5.3 (2.8–10.5) min. Our study shows that combination treatment of Li-SWT with PRP injections is not only safe for patients with ED, but also effective and safe in prolonging the IELT.     

医学成像技术的进展

医学成像技术在最近几年中有了飞速的发展，新的成像方法不断涌现，已有的成像方式不断完善。从平面到立体、从局部到整体、从静态到动态、从形态到功能已成为医学成像技术发展的趋势。文中简要介绍分子成像、近红外热成像等新的成像方式。     

A novel combination of mild electrical stimulation and hyperthermia: General concepts and applications

This review discusses the basic concepts, effects and applications of hyperthermia and mild electrical stimulation (MES) using low-intensity direct current. It also proposes a novel combinatorial use of MES and hyperthermia, and briefly outlines the rationale and the effects of MES and hyperthermia combination treatment on certain diseases (diabetes, hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury and gastric ulcer). The integrated modalities of MES and hyperthermia might find therapeutic applications to stress-induced diseases and intractable diseases of dysregulated signalling pathways.     

骨不连治疗的研究与技术应用进展*

背景：骨不连是骨折晚期常见的临床问题，数十年来，在各种新式内外固定材料、普及的显微外科技术、创新的植骨材料，尤其是分子生物学技术的全面帮助下，骨不连的治疗取得了突破性进展。
　　目的：总结骨不连治疗的研究进展，为以后更好地治疗骨不连提供技术理论和方法选择。
　　方法：由第一作者运用计算机检索系统检索1990年1月至2013年5月发表的有关骨不连原因及治疗方法的文献，以“fracture nonunion，treatment，progress”或“骨不连，治疗方法，进展”为检索词。同一领域则选择近期发表或者发表在权威杂志的文章。
　　结果与结论：排除重复性研究及时间跨度大的文献，从检索结果中共选择了48篇文章进一步分析。骨不连治疗手段主要有两种：非手术方式和手术方式，目前临床上以手术方式为主且高效。骨折愈合是多环节参与的复杂过程，一旦骨不连发生，应具体问题具体分析，根据患者的实际情况采取个体化治疗原则，重视软组织的保护，必要时联合运用多种手术及非手术方法，才能取得满意的疗效。     

低强度脉冲超声在颌骨牵张成骨中的应用

在颌骨牵张成骨中,缩短治疗时间和促进新骨形成以及设计理想的牵张器一直是研究的热点.超声以其独特的理化性质和生物学作用在医学领域有广泛的应用,尤其是低强度脉冲超声在促进骨愈合中显示出了巨大的潜力,已有学者将其用于牵张成骨中.低强度脉冲超声能促进新骨生成,加快骨组织愈合,缩短治疗时间,减少牵张成骨术的并发症.本文就低强度脉冲超声在颌骨牵张成骨中的作用及其机制作一综述.     

血管内超声检验兔动脉粥样硬化斑块的研究

目的建立兔动脉粥样硬化模型,通过血管内超声（intravascularultrasound,IVUS）检查粥样硬化斑块．评价IVUS在粥样硬化斑块诊断的临床价值。方法选取20只健康的新西兰大白兔,按简单随机化方法分为两组,每组10只。一组单纯喂养高脂饲料;另一组除喂养高脂饲料外,4周时行腹主动脉内膜损伤术。12周后行IVUS检查,标记斑块远端、近端图像。观察病变处内中膜厚度．并通过病理检查评价IVUS效果。通过病理切片．生物病理图像分析系统处理,分别测量两组兔斑块厚度,并与IVUS结果相比较．同时比较不同方法观察到的斑块性质。结果高脂饲料加内膜损伤组（8只）12周时斑块厚度明显高于纯高脂组（8只）,差异有统计学意义[（521．286±124．732）μm vs.（240．029±73．528）μm,P〈0．05]。IVUS显示所有兔子（16只）的斑块厚度为（412．7±165．8）μm,病理为（360．2±98．1）μm,两者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;对于斑块性质的判断,两者比较差异也无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论采用动脉内膜损伤加高脂饮食的方式来制作动脉粥样硬化斑块的模型是可行的、实用的。IVUS对血管斑块性质的界定及厚度的测量结果可靠。     

Effect of Continuous Ingestion of 2 g of Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Substrate Metabolism during Low-Intensity Physical Activity

Increasing fat burning during physical activity is thought to be an effective strategy for maintaining health and preventing lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In recent years, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) have gained attention as a dietary component for increasing fat-burning. However, this fat-burning effect has been unclear in people with high body mass index (BMI). Therefore, we aimed to clarify the effects of 2 g of daily ingestion of MCTs over 2 weeks on substrate oxidation during low-intensity physical activity in sedentary (i.e., with no exercise habit) subjects with a BMI from 25 (kg/m²) to less than 30, which is classified as obese in Japan. A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover study with a 2-week washout period was conducted. The rate of fat oxidation as well as the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during exercise (with a cycle ergometer at a 20-watt load) were measured with a human calorimeter. MCTs ingestion significantly increased fat oxidation during physical activity and decreased RER compared to long-chain triglycerides ingestion. In conclusion, we suggest that daily ingestion of 2 g of MCTs for 2 weeks increases fat burning during daily physical activities in sedentary persons with a BMI ranging from 25 to less than 30.     

支气管内超声在呼吸系统疾病中的应用现状

支气管内超声检查是一种新型的通过纤维支气管镜工作通道将高频(20MHz)超声微探头送入气道内进行横断面环形扫描的诊断技术,可清晰显示支气管壁各层结构,帮助判断肿瘤对支气管壁的浸润深度;可判断纵隔肿块与周围结构的关系,引导经支气管针吸活检和协助经纤维支气管镜介入治疗,相对于其他检查手段有独特的优势。这篇文章主要介绍这项技...