43例鼻咽,鼻腔恶性淋巴瘤的临床病理及免疫表型研究

本文对遵义地区４３例鼻咽、鼻腔恶淋巴瘤的临床病理及免疫学表型进行了研究，结果显示：全部病例均为弥漫型，无１例滤泡型，组织学类型以多表细胞性淋巴瘤为主，共３３例（包括小细胞型１３例，中多形１５例，大多形５例），占７６．７％。用ＵＣＨＬ－１、ＣＤ２０和Ｍａｃ３８７等多单克隆抗体进行免疫表型研究。显示Ｔ细胞淋巴瘤３７例（８６％），Ｂ细胞淋巴瘤４例（９．３％），无１例组织细胞性淋巴瘤。鼻咽部Ｔ．Ｂ淋巴瘤比     

A method combining morphological, immunocytochemical and chromosomal examinations of the same cell in the study of lymphoproliferative diseases

6 cases of different lymphoproliferative diseases were studied with the new MAC (Morphology-Antibody-Chromosome) method in order to find out 1) if the abnormal karyotype is confined to the monoclonal cell population, 2) if there are, within this clone, also cells with a normal karyotype, and 3) if the method can help the pathologist to diagnose malignant lymphoproliferative diseases. The MAC method allows a simultaneous study in the same metaphase cell of the karyotype, surface markers, and some morphological features. In all cases in which a monoclonal cell proliferation was detected immunohistologically, the MAC examination showed a chromosomal abnormality for the same light chain as was detected in immunohistology, but not in other cells. In all but a single case, all mitotic cells belonging to the clonal cell proliferation had an abnormal karyotype. In this case with lambda clonality, 2/8 lambda-positive mitoses had a normal karyotype. However, all the normal mitoses occurred in small lymphocytes whereas the abnormal mitoses were seen in large blastic cells. In 1 case, the MAC method helped in confirming the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma (nodular small cleaved cell type). Especially in lymphomas composed of a mixed cell population, the MAC method makes it possible to find out which cell types have an abnormal karyotype and which have a normal karyotype.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DETECTION OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD B-ALL BY FLOW CYTOMETRY

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Activation of the immune system of cancer patients by continuous i.v. recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) therapy is dependent on dose and schedule of rIL-2.

The effect of dose and schedule of continuous i.v. rIL-2 infusions on leucocyte subset counts, activation status of CD56+CD3- natural killer (NK) and CD3+ T lymphocytes, and cytolytic activities of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied. A single 4-day course of rIL-2 in escalating doses (0.9-11.5 x 10(6) U/m2 per day) was given to 18 patients with various types of metastatic cancer. The serum IL-2 concentration during rIL-2 therapy ranged between 23 and 64 U/ml and was proportional to the administered rIL-2 dose, as was the rebound lymphocytosis following therapy. Before therapy, the CD56+CD3- NK cells expressed low levels of the p75 chain of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and virtually no IL-2R(p55). Most CD3+ T cells were IL-2R(p55-,p75-). Between 2 and 4 days following therapy, i.e. at the time of lymphocytosis, the percentage of CD56+,CD3- NK cells among the lymphocytes had increased proportional to the administered rIL-2 dose. The levels of IL-2R(p75) expression by the CD56+,CD3- NK cells had increased. The percentages of CD3+ T cells expressing IL-2R(p55), HLA-DR and CD45RO had increased proportional to the administered rIL-2 dose. The level of lymphokine- activated killer (LAK) activity against Daudi cells was also positively correlated with rIL-2 dose. Subsequently, seven patients received 4-weekly cycles of rIL-2 (2.9-4.4 x 10(6) U/m2 per day) during 4 consecutive weeks. This schedule led to marked increments in lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, and to increased cytolytic activities compared with pretreatment. We conclude that CD56+,CD3- NK and CD3+ T cells are activated differentially by continuous i.v. rIL-2 proportional to dose and duration of treatment.     

Distinct immunological signatures discriminate severe COVID-19 from non-SARS-CoV-2-driven critical pneumonia

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多参数流式细胞术观察251例白血病细胞CD14表达的意义

目的　探讨 CD14在白血病细胞的表达及其在白血病诊断和鉴别诊断中的意义。方法　采用 CD45 /SSC参数设门多色流式细胞术分析 2 5 1例白血病细胞 CD14及其它白血病相关抗原的表达情况。结果　 2 5 1例中有 19例 ( 7.5 % )白血病细胞表达 CD14,95例急性髓系白血病 ( AML )中 16例 ( 16 .8% )白血病细胞表达 CD14,130例淋系白血病未见 CD14阳性的病例。 M4和 M5b CD14的阳性率 ( 9/ 14;6 / 6 )明显高于 M2 ( 1/ 30 ) ( P=0 .0 0 1;P=3.6× 10 - 6 )及 M5a( 0 / 5 ) ( P=0 .0 3;P=2 .2× 10 - 3 )。标准 CD14单抗均不与 5例 M5a细胞反应 ,而自制 CD14新克隆 2 F9单抗则全部阳性。5例 M5a中 1例 CD15和 2 9例 M2 中 13例 CD11b的阳性率明显低于 M5b( 6 / 6 ,P=0 .0 2 ;6 / 6 ,P=0 .0 2 )。在 AML 组中 ,CD14的表达与 CD117呈负相关 ( r=- 0 .2 ,n=81,P=0 .0 3) ,与 CD11b、CD15及HL A- DR呈正相关 ( r=0 .5 ,n=93,P=0 .0 0 1;r=0 .4,n=95 ,P=0 .0 0 1;r=0 .2 ,n=95 ,P=0 .0 2 )。结论　 CD14有助于淋巴系白血病、髓系白血病及其单核细胞相关性白血病的诊断与鉴别 ,其对单核细胞相关性白血病免疫分型诊断中的特异性为 96 .7% ,敏感性为 6 0 .0 %。     

Eosinophilic otitis media diagnosis using flow cytometric immunophenotyping

Objectives: (1) To assess the ability of flow cytometric immunophenotyping to detect and quantitate eosinophils in patients with eosinophilic otitis media (EOM). (2) to evaluate the association of EOM to bronchial asthma.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with chronic otorrhea or middle ear effusion (MEE) were included in this prospective cohort study. Group I composed of 10 patients (14 ears) and associated to bronchial asthma. Group II included 11 patients (11 ears) without bronchial asthma. Samples of MEE were sent for flow cytometric analysis at initial presentation. Patients with positive eosinophils on flow cytometric immunophenotyping were analyzed after one-month course of dexamethasone eardrops.

Results: EOM was diagnosed in all patients of group I and in three patients of group II. The mean eosinophils percentage was 43.5% and 14.2% for group I and group II, respectively (p?=?.006). Those patients showed a significant response to dexamethasone eardrops, both on clinical examination and on flow cytometric analysis with a decrease in eosinophil levels post-treatment. However, this improvement was temporary and symptoms recurred after treatment cessation. Bronchial asthma was not associated to all patients with EOM.

Conclusion: Diagnosis of EOM remained mostly clinical; flow cytometry immunophenotyping of MEE may be helpful as an additional tool in diagnosis and monitoring the response to treatment, particularly in non-asthmatic patients.     

Flow cytometric detection of immunoglobulin light chain in hematolymphoid immunophenotyping

During B-cell development and maturation,the antigen receptor,which is encoded by the immunoglobulin heavy-(IgH)and light-chain genes,rearrange to associate one of a number of variable,diverse,andjoining gene segments.Asingle mature Bcell expresses an IgHchain and either a kappa or lambda light     

Immunophenotyping does not improve predictivity of the local lymph node assay in mice

The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a regulatory accepted test for the identification of skin sensitizing substances by measuring radioactive thymidine incorporation into the lymph node. However, there is evidence that LLNA is overestimating the sensitization potential of certain substance classes in particular those exerting skin irritation. Some reports describe the additional use of flow cytometry‐based immunophenotyping to better discriminate irritants from sensitizing irritants in LLNA. In the present study, the 22 performance standards plus 8 surfactants were assessed using the radioactive LLNA method. In addition, lymph node cells were immunophenotyped to evaluate the specificity of the lymph node response using cell surface markers such as B220 or CD19, CD3, CD4, CD8, I‐A^κ and CD69 with the aim to allow a better discrimination above all between irritants and sensitizers, but also non‐irritating sensitizers and non‐sensitizers. However, the markers assessed in this study do not sufficiently differentiate between irritants and irritant sensitizers and therefore did not improve the predictive capacity of the LLNA. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.