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排序方式: 共有120条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Harriet Mpairwe Juliet Ndibazza Emily L. Webb Margaret Nampijja Lawrence Muhangi Barbara Apule Swaib Lule Hellen Akurut Dennison Kizito Mohammed Kakande Frances M. Jones Colin M. Fitzsimmons Moses Muwanga Laura C. Rodrigues David W. Dunne Alison M. Elliott 《Pediatric allergy and immunology》2014,25(5):481-488
2.
Mabaso ML Appleton CC Hughes JC Gouws E 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2003,8(8):722-727
We investigated environmental factors influencing the distribution of hookworm infection in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Prevalence data were sourced from previous studies and additional surveys carried out to supplement the database. When geo-referenced the data revealed that higher prevalences are limited to areas below 150 m above sea level, and low prevalences to areas above this altitude. Using univariate analysis we investigated the differences in environmental factors in the two areas. The relationship between hookworm prevalence, altitude and climate-derived variables was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient, and that of soil type using the t-test. Multivariate analysis was used to determine environmental factors that combine best to provide favourable conditions for hookworm distribution. The results revealed that areas 150 m above sea level, i.e. inland, supported low mean hookworm prevalences (x = 6, n = 21), and were characterized by soils with a clay content of more than 45%, variable temperatures and moderate rainfall. Hookworm prevalence also decreased southwards as temperatures became slightly cooler, rainfall remained more-or-less constant and the coastal plain narrowed. In the multivariate model prevalence was most significantly correlated with the mean daily minimum temperature for January followed by the mean number of rainy days for January. This indicates the importance of summer conditions in the transmission of hookworm infection in KwaZulu-Natal and suggests that transmission may be seasonal. 相似文献
3.
Olsen A Thiong'o FW Ouma JH Mwaniki D Magnussen P Michaelsen KF Friis H Geissler PW 《Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene》2003,97(1):109-114
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, two-by-two factorial trial was carried out among 977 schoolchildren from 19 primary schools in Nyanza Province, Kenya from February 1995 to February 1996. The interventions were multimicronutrient supplementation (vitamin A, 1000 micrograms; vitamin B1, 1.4 mg; vitamin B2, 1.6 mg; vitamin B6, 1.7 mg; vitamin B12, 2.0 micrograms; folate, 150 micrograms; niacin, 16 mg; vitamin C, 50 mg; vitamin D, 5 micrograms; vitamin E, 8 mg; iron, 18 mg; zinc, 20 mg; copper, 2.0 mg; iodine, 150 micrograms; selenium, 40 micrograms) and multihelminth chemotherapy (albendazole 600 mg in a single dose and/or praziquantel 40 mg/kg in a single dose). This paper reports the effects of the supplementation given on all school days on reinfection with hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Schistosoma mansoni after 11 months. Baseline prevalence and geometric mean intensity for hookworm, A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and S. mansoni in all children investigated were 54.7%, 13.8%, 45.6% and 70.0%, respectively and 8.6, 2.7, 5.9 and 19.4 eggs per gram (epg), respectively. Children received a mean of 2.3 multimicronutrient/placebo tablets per school week, giving a compliance rate of 46%. Children given multimicronutrients had a slightly, but significantly, lower intensity of S. mansoni reinfection compared with children given placebo (5.5 epg vs. 7.7 epg, P = 0.047). Multiple linear regression analyses controlling for baseline infection status confirmed this, as children who received micronutrients were reinfected with S. mansoni at only 69% of the intensity of those who received placebo. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that micronutrient supplementation was associated with a lower S. mansoni reinfection rate (odds ratio = 0.7) although this was only of borderline significance (P = 0.090). There were no significant differences in reinfection rates or intensities of hookworm, A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. The effect on S. mansoni infection intensity is particularly interesting given the low compliance, suggesting that full micronutrient supplementation might have a role to play in S. mansoni control programmes. 相似文献
4.
目前钩虫病仍然在中低等收入的热带和亚热带国家流行,对社会经济及公众健康造成极大影响。感染钩虫虫种确切的检测及鉴定对于治疗药物的选择、流行病学研究及防治措施的制定意义重大。本文重点介绍发展迅速的分子生物学钩虫虫种鉴定方法的最新研究进展,以指导将来在实际工作中的应用。 相似文献
5.
本文以安徽省人体寄生虫分布调查的资料为基础,分析两种人体钩虫在我省分布,流行的特点。明确了我省是以十二指肠钩虫为主两种钩虫混合感染的流行区,全省钩虫的平均感染率为33.44%,性别分布男女间感染无显著差异,但在年龄分布上随年龄增大感染率上升,且成年组感染率(37.75%)显著高于少年组(22.68%),P<0.01,显示生产劳动与钩虫感染有着密切的联系。钩虫的地区分布特点,平原丘陵地区十二指肠钩虫感染率以及钩虫的总感染率高于山区,似与平原和山区的生产方式及农作物不同有关。我省钩虫感染在家庭内呈聚集性分布。此次调查所获结果为今后制定我省钩虫病防治措施提供了科学依据。 相似文献
6.
Hookworm excretory/secretory products modulate immune responses to heterologous and species‐specific antigens 下载免费PDF全文
Approximately one billion people are currently infected with hookworm. Despite its high prevalence and the concomitant immune suppression seen in infected individuals, little research has been performed on the mechanism of immunosuppression by hookworm. Our study focused on characterizing mechanisms utilized by hookworm to suppress the host immune response. Splenocytes and draining lymph node cells from mice injected with hookworm excretory/secretory (ES) proteins showed decreased proliferation in response to both heterologous and species‐specific antigens while also having increased nitric oxide secretion. Analysis by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting revealed that mice injected with ES had reduced percentages of CD4+ T cells indicating potential effects of ES proteins on lymphocyte homeostasis. Antibody and cytokine response analyses demonstrated that immunization with ES proteins decreased IgG and IgG1 levels, also decreased interleukin (IL‐)‐4 and increased IL‐12 and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) cytokine production suggesting impairment of B‐cell activation and a shift towards a nonhealing IL‐12 directed T helper‐1 immune response. Together, these data demonstrate for the first time that host immunosuppression by hookworms is orchestrated by ES proteins and provide mechanisms underlying the shift towards a nonhealing Th‐1 profile as seen in humans suffering from hookworm infection. 相似文献
7.
用蚴龄20d、40d 和60d 的幼虫,分别感染了3~4个月的小白鼠,每鼠经左腹部感染幼虫300条。在感染24h,3组幼虫均移行至肺脏,但在70d 后肺部仍有幼虫;自感染9d 后蚴龄20d 先移行至小肠,于11d 后蚴龄40d 和蚴龄60d 亦达小肠;感染24h 至70d 各部位组织均可检出未发育的Ⅲ期幼虫。 相似文献
8.
Yuko SENBA Kenshiro TSUDA Haruhiko MARUYAMA Ichiro KUROKAWA Hitoshi MIZUTANI Yoshiki TANIGUCHI 《The Journal of dermatology》2009,36(2):86-89
We report a case of creeping disease treated successfully with ivermectin. A 46-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of pruriginous linear erythema on his right thigh after a visit to Indonesia. Although he had no history of eating raw fish or meat, he walked along the river and in the jungle without wearing shoes. Creeping disease caused by animal hookworm was strongly suspected. The presence of parasite larvae was not confirmed in biopsied skin specimens. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum samples were negative for binding to hookworm antigens, including Ancylostoma canium , Necator americanus and Gnathostoma doloresi . He was treated with a single 12 mg oral dose (200 µg/kg) of ivermectin. The eruption and pruritus resolved within a few days after the administration and did not relapse. 相似文献
9.
10.
目的了解芗城区浦南村钩虫人群感染及流行情况。方法采用改良加藤氏厚涂片法检查钩虫卵;对部分重度感染者进行驱虫导泻治疗,并收集虫体进行虫种鉴定;对部分环境类型土壤的钩蚴进行分离培养与鉴定。结果检查4812人,钩虫感染者1601人,感染率为33.27%。感染程度以轻度感染为主;女性感染率(18.37%)高于男性(14.90%)(χ2=7.74,P〈0.05);人群分布以〈15岁年龄段的感染率最低(9.31%),55~年龄段的老年人最高(47.43%),呈年龄增长而升高趋势(χ2=300.00,P〈0.01);文化程度以高中以上者感染率最低(8.06%),与文盲半文盲(31.89%)、小学(37.83%)、初中(31.35%)文化程度者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.74,P〈0.05)。驱虫导泻20人,收集钩虫成虫326条,均鉴定为美洲钩虫;分离培养土壤20份,分离阳性钩蚴12份,均鉴定为美洲钩蚴。结论芗城区浦南村为严重的钩虫流行区,人群钩虫感染率高,且为单纯的美洲钩虫;因此,加强健康教育,开展防治措施具有重要意义。 相似文献