Brain dysfunction in social drinkers

Thirty-four social drinkers who had referred themselves to the Regional Brain Damage Unit for assessment of the effects of drinking alcohol were compared with 42 volunteer control subjects of equivalent age but with low alcohol intake, using two 'learning' tests — the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the Austin Button Maze. The Maze Test gave no evidence of disorder, but the two groups were significantly different on the RAVLT. No abnormalities in standard cognitive tests were apparent. These results suggest that a deficit in learning ability may be an early feature of the brain dysfunction associated with excessive alcohol consumption.     

高原红细胞增多症16例围术期麻醉管理体会

16例高原红细胞增多症 (简称高红症 )病人 ,在围术期我们针对该类患者其血液成分 ,微循环 ,血液流变学等方面发生的一系列生理或 /和病理性改变。采取了血液稀释和自体输血等相应的对策 ,取得了较好的手术麻醉效果 ,大大降低了高红症病人手术麻醉的危险性     

Asperger syndrome and “non-verbal learning problems” in a longitudinal perspective: Neuropsychological and social adaptive outcome in early adult life

Co-existence of Asperger syndrome (AS) and non-verbal learning disability (NLD) has been proposed based on the observation that people with AS tend to have significantly higher verbal than performance IQ (VIQ>PIQ by ≥15 points), one of the core features of NLD. In the present study we examined neuropsychological and social adaptive profiles with “non-verbal learning problems” associated with NLD in a group of individuals with AS followed from childhood into early adult life. The group was divided into three subgroups: (i) persistent NLD (P-NLD), i.e. NLD (VIQ>PIQ) both in childhood and early adulthood occasions, (ii) childhood NLD (CO-NLD), i.e. NLD (VIQ>PIQ) only at original diagnosis, or (iii) No NLD (VIQ>PIQ) ever (NO-NLD). All three subgroups were followed prospectively from childhood into adolescence and young adult life. One in four to one in five of the whole group of males with AS had P-NLD. The P-NLD subgroup had poorer neuropsychological outcome in early adult life than did those with CO-NLD and those with NO-NLD. There were no unequivocal markers in early childhood that predicted subgroup status in early adult life, but early motor delay and a history of early speech-language problems tended to be associated with P-NLD.     

高原外训军人心理健康、认知因素与急性高山病的相关性

目的:探讨高原外训军人心理健康、认知因素与急性高山病的相关性。方法:采用基本信息问卷、Lake Louise急性高山病评分量表(AMS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对191名急进高原进行高原适应性训练的军人施以团体测验。结果:研究样本SCL-90的躯体化因子显著高于全国正常成人常模(t=5.019,P0.001)。AMS症状阳性组与阴性两组样本在文化程度(t=2.385,P0.05)、社会支持中的倾诉方式(t=2.542,P0.05)、求助方式(t=2.133,P0.05)、对AMS的认知(t=2.423,P0.05)、SCL-90总分(t=-4.936,P0.001)及各因子分均有显著差异。SCL-90总分、对AMS应对策略的认知对预测AMS症状总分有一定的预测作用。结论:高原外训军人心理健康水平、认知因素对AMS有显著的影响,运用合理的心理干预技术,可降低AMS的发生率,增强高原作战部队的战斗力。     

The Effects of Genetic Variation on H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Pathogenicity

Since the H7N9 avian influenza virus emerged in China in 2013, there have been five seasonal waves which have shown human infections and caused high fatality rates in infected patients. A multibasic amino acid insertion seen in the HA of current H7N9 viruses occurred through natural evolution and reassortment, and created a high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus from the low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) in 2017, and significantly increased pathogenicity in poultry, resulting in widespread HPAI H7N9 in poultry, which along with LPAI H7N9, contributed to the severe fifth seasonal wave in China. H7N9 is a novel reassorted virus from three different subtypes of influenza A viruses (IAVs) which displays a great potential threat to public health and the poultry industry. To date, no sustained human-to-human transmission has been recorded by the WHO. However, the high ability of evolutionary adaptation of H7N9 and lack of pre-existing immunity in humans heightens the pandemic potential. Changes in IAVs proteins can affect the viral transmissibility, receptor binding specificity, pathogenicity, and virulence. The multibasic amino acid insertion, mutations in hemagglutinin, deletion and mutations in neuraminidase, and mutations in PB2 contribute to different virological characteristics. This review summarized the latest research evidence to describe the impacts of viral protein changes in viral adaptation and pathogenicity of H7N9, aiming to provide better insights for developing and enhancing early warning or intervention strategies with the goal of preventing highly pathogenic IAVs circulation in live poultry, and transmission to humans.     

海洋细菌Thalassomonas sp.LD5中新型褐藻胶裂解酶TsAly7C的研究

目的对来源于Thalassomonas sp.LD5的褐藻胶裂解酶TsAly7C进行研究,以期获得具有优良性质的褐藻胶裂解酶,适应工业需求。方法在生物信息学分析的基础上,对TsAly7C进行了重组表达和酶学性质研究。结果通过生物信息学分析,TsAly7C属于PL7家族的第一亚家族。对重组TsAly7C(r TsAly7C)酶学性质进行分析,r TsAly7C的最适温度是30℃,最适p H为8.0(Na₂HPO₄-NaH₂PO₄缓冲液),在底物中添加300 mmol/L NaCl时降解能力最强。r TsAly7C的p H稳定性和温度稳定性较好,在0～30℃保存1 h仍保有80%以上的酶活,是1种适低温性褐藻胶裂解酶。Cu²⁺、Co²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对r TsAly7C的酶活有明显的抑制作用。r TsAly7C是1种双功能褐藻胶裂解酶,以内切形式裂解褐藻胶产生不饱和二糖和单糖。     

医疗美容受术者围手术期的心理体验研究

目的深入了解医疗美容受术者围手术期的心理体验,为更好地开展医护服务、满足美容受术人群的需求提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法,选取在北京市某三级甲等医院医疗美容科进行手术的23位美容受术者进行深入访谈,采用Colaizzi内容分析法对访谈资料进行整理分析,归纳主题。结果共归纳出4个主题,分别是术前阶段的过高期望与顾虑;术中阶段的紧张与恐惧;术后阶段的怀疑与焦虑;渴望获得关怀与尊重。结论医护人员应提供适合围手术期不同阶段的心理支持,并注重关爱和尊重,以改善美容受术者的心理体验。     

高原地区妇女卵巢激素功能的改变

本文对撒拉、土、回、蒙、藏、汉６种民族２７６６名已婚妇女进行阴道脱落细胞检查。其中对不同民族生育期妇女筛选６００例，ＨＥ·巴氏染色，计数阴道涂片的底层细胞比例，结果提示：卵巢激素功能轻度低落占３８％，中度低落占１４．６６％，高度低落占０．５％，并与地区、民族、年龄分布不同有关。推测高原低氧对卵巢激素功能低落有一定的影响。     

高原缺氧环境对世居藏族和移居汉族胎儿生长发育的影响

目的:通过比较高原世居藏族产妇与移居汉族产妇胎盘重量、新生儿体重和胎盘系数,了解高原环境对世居藏族和移居汉族胎儿生长发育的影响。方法:收集、检测和比较生活在海拔3480m高原的世居藏族和移居汉族初产妇分娩的胎盘重量、新生儿体重及胎盘系数,并与平原汉族新生儿出生体重比较;比较移居高原汉族初产妇和经产妇分娩的胎盘重量、新生儿体重及胎盘系数。结果:移居汉族初产妇新生儿低体重出生率显著高于世居藏族(P<0.01);世居藏族初产妇胎盘重量与移居汉族初产妇无显著差别(P>0.05)、新生儿体重高于汉族,差异有显著性(P<0.01);移居汉族初产妇胎盘系数显著高于世居藏族(P<0.05)。移居汉族初产妇胎盘重量和胎盘系数显著高于移居汉族经产妇(P<0.01),二者新生儿出生体重差别无显著性(P>0.05);藏族新生儿体重与平原汉族新生儿出生体重无显著差别(P>0.05);结论:移居汉族产妇,尤其是初产妇,在高原分娩的新生儿体重低于世居藏族和平原汉族,胎盘系数显著高于世居藏族,说明高原环境影响移居汉族胎儿宫内的生长发育。因此,有必要进一步探索高原环境对移居汉族胎儿生长发育的影响机制,以利于加强移居者围产期保健,降低高原缺氧环境对移居者胎儿生长发育的不良影响。     

短肠综合征时结肠的代偿研究

目的　观察及评价短肠大鼠结肠代偿性增生及结肠对营养物质吸收的促进作用。　方法　制作切除（80～85）%的超短肠大鼠模型,用百普素(Pepti-2000)做肠内营养（EN）治疗,观察全身营养状况和结肠形态学的改变,并在术后第21天用木糖和15N-甘氨酸混合液对带血管蒂的结肠进行封闭式灌注,观察结肠对水、碳水化合物和氨基酸的吸收情况。　结果　EN组于术后第21天净氮平衡与对照组（CONT）无差异,体重仅比术前减轻(10±18)g。结肠壁明显增厚,皱襞增大增粗,结肠壁的厚度、粘膜厚度、皱襞高度和皱襞表面积与CONT组相比差异具有非常显著性意义（P＜0.01）。EN组与CONT组相比DNA指数1.21±0.11vs.1.01±0.15(P＜0.05),S期细胞百分比（52.6±5.5）%vs.（42.9±4.1）%（P＜0.05）。连续循环灌注3h之后EN组对水、木糖和氨基酸的吸收明显高于CONT组（P＜0.05）。　结论　大鼠结肠在短肠综合征时发生了明显的形态和功能上的代偿。早期适当的肠内营养不但可使超短肠大鼠获得足够营养支持,并且能够促进短肠大鼠结肠代偿。