Granulocytic sarcoma: An atypical presentation in the oral cavity

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AMU is a hematologic disorder that is characterized by an abnormal proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Granulocytic sarcomas are clusters of leukemic myeloid cells that may develop as a result of AML. Oral manifestations of AML are common and often involve enlargements of the gingiva and/or mucosal tissue from direct leukemia cell infiltration. We describe the case history of a 50-year-old man who had an ulcera-tive lesion of the oral mucosa that was determined to be a granulocytic sarcoma of AML-M0 subtype. The combination of both the subtype and clinical presentation of the leukemia makes this presentation unusual, and to the best of our knowledge, of a type that has not been previously reported in the literature.     

Granulocytic sarcoma presenting with lymph node infarction at disease onset

A completely infarcted lymph node is an unusual event. However, lymph node infarction should alert the pathologist to the considerable likelihood of malignant lymphoma. We report two unusual cases of acute myeloid leukemia presenting with granulocytic sarcoma at disease onset with a lymph node lesion exhibiting extensive lymph node infarction. The infarcted tissue contained numerous eosinophilic cell ghosts. There were some islands of degenerated, pyknotic medium-sized nuclei resembling lymphoblasts present in the necrotic area. By immunohistochemistry, these medium sized cells were CD3-, CD20-, CD34+, CD43+, CD45RO-, CD68-, CD79a- and myeloperoxidase+ in both cases. Differentiation of granulocytic sarcoma from malignant lymphomas is important for adequate therapy. The present cases indicate that granulocytic sarcoma should be added to the list of differential diagnoses for lymph node infarction.     

Interleukin-6 and granulocytic elastase levels following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels have been shown to correlate well with the magnitude of surgical stress. Serum IL-6 and plasma granulocytic elastase levels, 24 h after surgery, were determined in 12 patients who underwent open major surgery [MS group; esophageal carcinoma (n=5), gastric carcinoma (n=3), colorectal carcinoma (n=4) 5 patients who had open cholecystectomy [OC group] and 17 patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy [LC group]. IL-6 levels correlated significantly with the duration of surgery (r=0.685,P < 0.01) and with intraoperative blood loss (r=0.583,P < 0.02). However, there was no significant correlation between granulocytic elastase and the duration of surgery or blood loss. Plasma IL-6 levels in the LC group (21±3 pg/ml) were significantly lower than those in the OC group (47±5 pg/ml) and the MS group (186±36pg/ml) (P<0.05;P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in granulocytic elastase levels between the LC group (318±8g/l), the OC group (360±130 gmg/ml), and the MS group (701±344 g/l). Increased IL-6 levels correlated well with increased duration of surgery. The lower IL-6 levels following laparoscopic cholecystectomy may therefore be indicative of lower surgical stress associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

Clinical characteristics,molecular profile and outcomes of myeloid sarcoma: a single institution experience over 13 years

Background: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is characterized by extramedullary infiltration by immature myeloid cells. Owing to rarity of this disease, the clinical features and overall outcomes are yet to be clarified.

Objective: To define clinical characteristics, epidemiology, pathologic findings, treatment options and outcomes in MS.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 23 patients diagnosed with MS at our institute over a period of 13 years (2002–2015).

Results: MS presented mostly as a manifestation of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, seen in 39% of patients. Skin and subcutaneous soft tissues were the most common sites of anatomic involvement (69.5%). Ninety five percent (n?=?19) were positive for classical myeloid markers with either cytochemical staining (chloracetate-esterase, MPO), flow-cytometry (CD33, CD34, CD13 and CD117), or immunohistochemistry (CD34, CD43, CD68 and lysozyme). Of these, 52% were positive for CD33 (n?=?12), 35% for CD68 (n?=?8), 30% for CD34 (n?=?7), and 26% for lysozyme (n?=?6). Cytogenetic abnormalities were seen in 63% (n?=?12/19) patients on bone-marrow aspirate, with five patients displaying a complex (n?=?3) or monosomal (n?=?2) karyotype. Twenty seven percent patients with a normal karyotype had presence of deleterious mutations (FLT3, ASXL, STAG and JAK2) on further testing with myeloid mutation panel. The Median overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 15.9 months (95% CI, 7.4–24.4 months). The OS was significantly better for patients <65 years (24.6 vs. 3.4 months, p?=?0.009) of age, and for those attaining a complete remission (CR) to induction therapy (25.7 vs. 0.8 months, p?Conclusion: Failure to achieve CR with induction therapy, and age >65 years are associated with poor outcomes in MS. Allogeneic stem-cell transplant in first remission appears to be the most effective modality for achieving long-term remissions.     

Eyelid Myeloid Sarcoma: Ominous Presentation of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

A 19 year-old African American man presented to our clinic for a second opinion about a right upper eyelid mass which had been recalcitrant to treatment for nonspecific orbital inflammation by an outside facility. Examination for systemic causes of the patients eyelid lesion led to a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) FAB subtype M1. A subsequent biopsy of the eyelid tumor confirmed the diagnosis of a myeloid sarcoma. The patient succumbed to complications from his leukemia within 13 months of presentation. This case report is the first, to our knowledge, of an eyelid myeloid sarcoma as the presenting sign of AML and demonstrates the poor prognosis of this lesion.     

miR-138-5p靶向HIF-1α影响人白血病K562细胞增殖和侵袭转移

目的探索miR-138-5p与缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)对人白血病K562细胞增殖和侵袭转移的影响。方法以体外培养的人白血病K562细胞为研究对象,将其分为K562组、miR-138 mimic组、pc-HIF-1α组和mimic+pc-HIF-1α组。荧光素酶报告实验确认miR-138-5p与HIF-1α的靶向关系;qRT-PCR法检测miR-138-5p和HIF-1α的mRNA水平;Western blot检测HIF-1α的蛋白水平;CCK-8检测细胞存活率;Transwell检测细胞侵袭能力;划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力;Western blot检测增殖和上皮间质转化(EMT)相关蛋白表达水平。结果miR-138-5p能靶向HIF-1α,与K562组相比,miR-138 mimic组HIF-1α的mRNA和蛋白水平均显著较低(P<0.01),而pc-HIF-1α组HIF-1α的蛋白水平则显著较高(P<0.01);同时,与pc-HIF-1α组相比,mimic+pc-HIF-1α组HIF-1α的蛋白表达显著较低(P<0.01)。与K562组相比,miR-138 mimic组细胞增殖倍数、细胞迁移和侵袭能力均显著较低(P<0.01),pc-HIF-1α组则显著较高(P<0.01);与pc-HIF-1α组相比,mimic+pc-HIF-1α组细胞增殖倍数、细胞迁移和侵袭能力均显著较低(P<0.01)。同时,mimic+pc-HIF-1α能部分逆转pc-HIF-1α对肿瘤细胞增殖和EMT能力的上调作用(P<0.01)。结论miR-138-5p可通过靶向HIF-1α,进而降低人白血病K652细胞增殖和侵袭转移能力。     

粒细胞肉瘤4例并文献回顾分析

目的提高对粒细胞肉瘤(GS)的临床病理特征、诊断、治疗的认识。方法回顾性总结4例粒细胞肉瘤的诊治资料,并结合相关文献复习。结果粒细胞肉瘤好发于淋巴结、骨膜、眼眶、皮肤、泌尿生殖道、胃肠道,在光镜下酷似淋巴瘤,易误为淋巴瘤,但免疫组化示MPO( ),氯醋酸酯酶或抗溶菌酶抗体染色( ),CD43、CD68等阳性。结论临床医生应重视其临床病理特征,诊断和鉴别诊断靠免疫组化,正确选择治疗方案很重要。     

一例人粒细胞无形体病的调查与处理

2009年5月,安徽省铜陵市报告发现了1例疑似人粒细胞无形体病。患者发病前是否被蜱叮咬史不详;具有高热、肌肉酸痛、腹股沟淋巴结肿大和周身不适,白细胞和血小板计数进行性下降,尿常规和肝功能异常等典型临床特点,急性期血清嗜吞噬细胞无形体IgG抗体阳性,恢复期血清IgG抗体为呈4倍抗体增高。该病例被确诊为人粒细胞无形体病,通过采取现场流行病调查、隔离治疗、个人防护、消毒等措施,患者得到救治且未出现二代感染与传播病例,疫情得到有效控制。     

74例慢性粒细胞性白血病骨髓和外周血涂片的观察

慢性粒细胞性白血病（CML）是血液学特征方面表现异质性的疾病。我们回顾性地观察了53例慢粒的骨髓涂片和21例外周血涂片，其中符合典型慢粒（CGL）的有62例，另有10例和2例可能分别为非典型慢粒（aCGL)和慢性粒单核细胞白血病（CMML）。观察结果为慢粒的诊断和分型提供了血液细胞形态学依据。