Flexible Workplace Policies: Lessons From the Federal Alternative Work Schedules Act

Abstract: This case study uses a feminist framework to examine the 7‐year process by which the Federal Alternative Work Schedules Act (1978 – 1985) became law and the reasons for reenergized implementation in the 1990s. We analyze the legislative discourse for rationale in support of and opposition to this policy, connect findings to current flexible work research, and identify criteria for evaluating the impact of flextime policies with attention to intersections of gender and socioeconomic status. Unexpectedly, traditional views on hierarchical manager‐worker relations figured more prominently than gender in the Congressional debates.     

实施一对一全程陪产和弹性工作制对分娩的影响

目的探讨一对一全程陪产和弹性工作制相结合的实施效果。方法以我院2003年5～7月分娩的134例产妇为观察组，以前1年同期分娩的115例产妇为对照组，两组产妇均为无产科合并症适龄足月初产妇；比较两组的产程、产后出血、新生儿窒息、优质接生率和产妇满意度情况。结果观察组的总产程及第一、二产程时间均少于对照组（P〈0．05），剖宫产率、产后出血率、新生儿窒息率也明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。此外，观察组的优质接生率和产妇及家属的满意度较对照组有明显提高。结论一对一全程陪产可缩短产程、减少产后出血和减少新生儿窒息的发生，能提高优质接生率和产妇的满意度；弹性工作制则能有效地减少正常排班中难以避免的护理空闲时间，是一对一全程陪产成功的关键。     

Finding an Extra Day a Week: The Positive Influence of Perceived Job Flexibility on Work and Family Life Balance*

This study examines the influence of perceived flexibility in the timing and location of work on work‐family balance. Data are from a 1996 International Business Machines (IBM) work and life issues survey in the United States (n= 6,451 ). Results indicate that perceived job flexibility is related to improved work‐family balance after controlling for paid work hours, unpaid domestic labor hours, gender, marital status, and occupational level. Perceived job flexibility appears to be beneficial both to individuals and to businesses. Given the same workload, individuals with perceived job flexibility have more favorable work‐family balance. Likewise, employees with perceived job flexibility are able to work longer hours before workload negatively impacts their work‐family balance. Implications of these findings are presented.     

护士弹性排班方式和工作流程的做法与效果

目的：弹性排班的方式和相应工作流程,适宜我科工作的科学发展。方法：机动调整排班方式,增加工作繁重阶段人力资源,重建工作流程。结果：弹性排班挖掘人力资源潜力,宜于我科工作利于我科发展。结论：弹性排班方式既为患者提供科学、安全、人性的服务,又科学合理利用人力资源,更利于护士身心健康。