重组人干扰素α-2b鼻腔喷雾剂预防治疗恒河猴感染SARS-CoV的试验研究

目的评价重组人干扰素α-2b鼻腔喷雾剂对恒河猴感染SARS-CoV的预防治疗作用。方法采用鼻腔喷雾法(剂量为60万单位/鼻孔)研究了重组人干扰素α-2b鼻腔喷雾剂对感染SARS-CoV的恒河猴预防治疗效果。结果试验组(5只)和对照组(5只)相同时间检测的咽拭子等标本中,Real-time PCR检测和病毒分离均未检出病毒。攻毒后病毒导致机体产生的中和抗体和IgG抗体的反应也较对照组弱。血液学指标检测结果表明试验组动物攻毒后各项指标较试验前比较没有显著性改变;病理结果显示试验组2只恒河猴肺组织形态基本正常,其余3只猴有肺间质性炎,表现肺间隔增厚、单核样细胞为主的炎细胞浸润,其中1只增厚的肺间隔有局灶相互融合,这3只猴肺部病变与对照组的病变表现相似,且病变累及范围较对照组小;其他各受检脏器均未见明显异常。结论重组人干扰素α-2b鼻腔喷雾剂可以有效阻断或减弱SARS-CoV对恒河猴的感染。     

干扰素治疗丙型肝炎过程中血清肝纤维化指标的变化

目的：观察干扰治疗慢性丙型肝炎过程中血清肝纤维化指标的改变。方法：应用ELISA法对44例慢性丙型肝炎病人在干扰素治疗开始时、结束时和停药后6个月检测血清透明质酸（HA）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原肽（PⅢP)和Ⅳ型胶原（C－Ⅳ）。结果：干扰素治疗完全应答组（CR－S）和完全应答伴反跳组（CR－R）治疗前血清HA、LN、PⅢP和C－Ⅳ水平低于无应答组（NR）、差异显著（P＜0．05）;CR－S组干扰素治疗后血清HA、LN、PⅢP和C－Ⅳ水平明显下降（P＜0．05）;CR－R组和NR组干扰素治疗后血清肝纤维化指标无明显下降,甚至升高。结论：应用干扰素治疗丙型肝炎时,随着肝内炎症的改善,血清肝纤维化指标的水平明显下降,对慢性肝炎肝纤维化的发生和发展有改善作用。     

Alpha-lipoic acid may ameliorate testicular damage by targeting dox-induced altered antioxidant parameters,mitofusin-2 and apoptotic gene expression

In the study, the ameliorating effects of alfa lipoic acid (ALA) against doxorubicin-induced testicular apoptosis, oxidative stress and disrupted mitochondrial fusion were investigated in male rats. Rats were divided into four groups as control, doxorubicin (DOX), DOX + ALA and ALA. A single dose of 15 mg/kg DOX was administered i.p to the DOX and DOX + ALA groups. 50 mg/kg ALA was given to the DOX + ALA and ALA groups by oral gavage every other day. After 28 days, rat testes and serum samples were collected and analysed. Administration of DOX alone caused a decrease in body and relative testicular weights, seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelium thickness, Johnsen's score and serum testosterone levels. DOX treatment led to severe testicular damage such as tubular degeneration, and atrophic tubules. Also, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were reduced, while the level of malondialdehyde was increased in the testis. The mRNA levels of apoptotic-related genes (CASP3, TP53, BAX, BCL2) and apoptotic index were increased, while mitofusin-2 decreased. DOX caused an increase in CASP3 and a decrease in mitofusin-2 immunoreactivities. Treatment with ALA markedly improved all of DOX-induced biochemical, histochemical and molecular alterations in rat testis. Consequently, ALA has a therapeutic role in ameliorating DOX-induced testicular damage in rats.     

固尔苏（Curosurf）

[通用名称]poractant alfa.     

α-干扰素对骨巨细胞瘤细胞凋亡和bFGF及其受体表达的影响

目的:探讨α-干扰素对体外培养的骨巨细胞瘤细胞碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)及受体Bek表达与生物学行为的影响,为骨巨细胞瘤术后复发转移的防治探索新途径.方法:采用不同浓度的α-干扰素诱导体外培养的第三代骨巨细胞瘤细胞,观察α-干扰素对瘤细胞生物学行为的影响,流式细胞术与细胞-酶联免疫吸附法分析α-干扰素诱导48h后瘤细胞凋亡情况及Bek/bFGF表达的变化.结果:浓度为1 000IU/ml以上的α-干扰素作用10～12h左右,瘤细胞即出现退缩现象,生长明显受到抑制;至48h,瘤细胞数目明显减少,且出现大量细胞碎片.α-干扰素可诱导第三代骨巨细胞瘤细胞发生凋亡,其凋亡率随α-干扰素作用浓度增加而递增,呈明显的剂量依赖关系.α-干扰素可抑制第三代骨巨细胞瘤细胞bFGF和Bek的表达,其抑制强度也随α-干扰素作用浓度的增加而增加,呈明显的量效关系.当α-干扰素作用浓度达到1 000IU/ml以上时,其诱导凋亡与抑制Bek/bFGF表达的效应均发生显著性变化.结论:α-干扰素对体外培养的第三代骨巨细胞瘤细胞具有明确的抗肿瘤效应,可作为骨巨细胞瘤术后辅助治疗,以防治和减少其复发转移.     

Enzyme-replacement therapy in perinatal hypophosphatasia: Case report and review of the literature

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare disease resulting from alterations of the ALPL gene encoding tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Perinatal HPP is mainly characterized by bone hypomineralization and severe respiratory insufficiency. We describe a full-term boy diagnosed with perinatal HPP after birth, showing dramatic improvement after treatment with Asfotase Alfa, an enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT) prescribed in HPP cases. He initially presented with respiratory insufficiency due to bone hypomineralization, and severe pulmonary hypoplasia that required tracheostomy and invasive ventilation for 8 months. He was taken off ventilation at 41 weeks of age. He also presented complications including hypercalcemia, craniosynostosis, nephrocalcinosis, hypotonia, and a severe feeding disorder. He is still alive at 30 months of age, and his respiratory status and tonus is steadily improving. This case reflects the progression of HPP patients with specific therapy added to symptomatic management. Some aspects of the disease are now well known, such as nephrocalcinosis and craniosynostosis, related to the natural course of the disease, which persisted despite the ERT. The long-term prognosis and outcome for this newborn child remain unknown.     

Consenso Mexicano para el Tratamiento de la Hepatitis C

The aim of the Mexican Consensus on the Treatment of Hepatitis C was to develop clinical practice guidelines applicable to Mexico. The expert opinion of specialists in the following areas was taken into account: gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and hepatology. A search of the medical literature was carried out on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases through keywords related to hepatitis C treatment. The quality of evidence was subsequently evaluated using the GRADE system and the consensus statements were formulated. The statements were then voted upon, using the modified Delphi system, and reviewed and corrected by a panel of 34 voting participants. Finally, the level of agreement was classified for each statement. The present guidelines provide recommendations with an emphasis on the new direct-acting antivirals, to facilitate their use in clinical practice. Each case must be individualized according to the comorbidities involved and patient management must always be multidisciplinary.     

Subcutaneous injection pain with C.E.R.A., a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator,compared with darbepoetin alfa

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study assessed injection site pain following subcutaneous (SC) administration with a continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (C.E.R.A.), compared with darbepoetin alfa in healthy adults.

Methods: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-centre, single-blind, three-way crossover study, subjects received one of six treatment sequences (ABC/ACB/BAC/BCA/CBA/CAB) involving SC injection of (A) C.E.R.A. 50?μg, (B) darbepoetin alfa 50?μg, or (C) placebo on days 1, 29, and 57. An initial pilot phase (n = 12) was used to determine the sample size for the confirmatory phase (n = 72), and data were combined for the final analysis (n = 84).

Main outcome measures: The primary endpoint was pain on the 100?mm visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after dosing. Secondary endpoints included VAS at 1 hour after dosing and pain on the six-point verbal rating scale (VRS) immediately and at 1 hour after dosing.

Results: C.E.R.A. was associated with significantly less pain immediately after SC injection compared with darbepoetin alfa: least squares mean VAS 21.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.5, 25.5) versus 33.4 (95% CI: 28.4, 38.4) (?p < 0.0001). Incidence of pain on the VRS was lower with C.E.R.A. compared with darbepoetin alfa immediately after dosing (?p < 0.0001). One hour after administration, most subjects had no VRS pain. A study limitation is the small sample size and the findings need to be confirmed in a large trial of chronic kidney disease patients.

Conclusions: SC injection with C.E.R.A. is significantly less painful than SC darbepoetin alfa in healthy adults. Treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease with SC injection of C.E.R.A. may provide a lower pain burden compared with darbepoetin alfa.