Recurrent sleep attacks associated with a craniopharyngioma

Symptomatic narcolepsy, once regarded as common, is now believed to be very rare. A 32-year-old man had a history of recurrent sleep attacks. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a third ventricle tumor. The tumor was totally removed, and the histology was a craniopharyngioma. The symptoms ceased after the operation. The chronological correlation and the anatomical location of the tumor suggest that the patient had a symptomatic narcolepsy caused by the tumor. This is the first report that documents the cessation of narcolepsy attacks after tumor removal.     

颅咽管瘤切除术后水钠代谢紊乱机制研究

目的探讨颅咽管瘤术后水钠代谢紊乱的原因和最佳处理方式。方法对102例经胼胝体切开穹窿间入路切除巨大颅咽管瘤的病人，记录术后尿量、血电解质、抗利尿激素（ADH）、醛固酮（ALD）、皮质醇水平，比较术后激素水平变化与水、钠代谢紊乱的关系。结果本组均出现水、钠代谢紊乱，术后2周完全恢复52例，4周基本恢复33例，6周恢复12例，需长时间人工调整电解质水平5例。术后ADH、ALD和皮质醇的不足是导致术后水钠代谢紊乱的主要原因。结论颅咽管瘤切除术后水、钠代谢紊乱与手术损伤下丘脑有关，紊乱类型与ADH、ALD和醛固酮的缺乏情况有关；及时给予相应激素及对症治疗，可获满意疗效。     

无框架MRI导航下的内镜经蝶鞍区肿瘤切除术

目的探讨无框架MRI导航系统在内镜经蝶垂体腺瘤和颅咽管瘤切除术中的作用.方法对8例垂体腺瘤和2例颅咽管瘤病人在无框架MRI影像导航引导内镜下经蝶入路切除肿瘤.结果机器定位误差平均1.5mm,重要结构和病变定位满意,导航注册时间平均5 min,手术时间平均50min,术后病人症状均减轻.结论在内镜经蝶鞍区手术治疗中,无框架影像导航使重要结构及病变定位准确,可在手术中发挥重要作用.     

颅咽管瘤切除术后常见并发症的处理

目的：研究颅咽管瘤术后的常见并发症及其相应的防治措施。方法：分析110例颅咽管瘤手术后所出现的各种并发症,探讨其产生的原因并总结临床处理过程中的体会。结果：颅咽管瘤切除术后并发症的发生与肿瘤切除程度和术中垂体柄、下丘脑等的受损状况有关。尿崩、高热、水电解质平衡失调和癫痫是颅咽管瘤术后最常见的并发症,其发生率分别为79.1%、47.3%、88.2%和17.3%。结论;耐心细致的术中显微外科操作和严格规范化的术后管理对降低颅咽管瘤术后病残率,提高其术后生存率具有十分重要的临床意义。     

颅咽管瘤84例临床治疗评价

研究颅咽管瘤术后复发相关因素及生存质量。方法回顾性分析颅咽管瘤８４例各种治疗方式及其临床病理与预后的关系。结果复发１９例（２３％）,其中全切１４例,复发２例（１４％）,次全切１０例,复发６例（６０．０％）,次全切加放疗３５例,复发３例（９％）,大部切除加放疗１０例,复发２例（２０％）。全切及次全切加放疗术优良率均高于其它几种治疗方式,结论颅咽管瘤术后复发与其病理性质,治疗方式等因素有一定相关性。     

Aggressive resection of craniopharyngioma achieved by drilling the tuberculum sellae/planum sphenoidale using a frontal basal interhemispheric approach: A review of 55 cases

ObjectiveThe frontal basal interhemispheric approach (FBIA) is preferable for resection of craniopharyngioma (CP), achieving desirable total resection rates in early reports of lesions located in the suprasellar region to the third ventricle. For tumours that have created a larger obstruction of the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale, aggressive resection in the intrasellar region and medial wall of the cavernous sinus is not feasible compared to improving tumour visualization by drilling the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale. In a report of drilling the sellar tuberculum and sphenoid planum, drilling allowed the direct visualization of tumours invading the intrasellar region and medial wall of the cavernous sinus. Reconstructing the opening of the sellar-sphenoid cavity is achieved by microsuturing a piece of the pericranium/dura around the dural edge of the defective dura of the open sphenoid sinus and sellar cavity to prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage.Patients and methodsThe FBIA with drilling of the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale was performed to remove the tumours that invaded the intrasellar region and cavernous sinus in 55 patients from January 2014 to October 2019 at our institution. The pre- and postoperative pituitary hormone levels and vision were evaluated as effective standards after surgery and compared using paired t-tests. The different rates of CSF leakage between the packing and microsuture groups were compared by χ² test, p < 0.05.ResultsIn all patients with a mean 37-month follow-up (range, 3–2 months), 43 (78.2%) patients returned to their normal life or school independently, 7 (12.7%) patients were able to perform normal activities with minor complaints or effort, and 4 (7.3%) patients could care for themselves or only required occasional assistance. One (1.8%) death occurred, attributed to CSF leak-related meningitis at 5 months after surgery. Postoperative CSF leakage occurred in eight (19.0%) of 42 patients with packed bone wax or pieces of muscle to the sphenoid sinus. Of 13 patients with a piece of the periosteum/dura microsutured around the defective dura of the sellar region and open sphenoid sinus, one (7.7%) of 13 patients experienced CSF leakage in the perioperative period. With statistical analysis, there was a potential risk for postoperative CSF leakage in the bone wax and muscle piece in the open sphenoid sinus, whereas microsuture manoeuvres were effective for avoiding the risk of postoperative CSF leakage (χ² = 8.865, p < 0.005). The microsutures closed the open sphenoid sinus such that it was water-tight. Postoperative visual acuity and the visual field were not affected by the increased intrasellar exposure or the open sphenoid sinus achieved by drilling the tuberculum sellae and planum sphenoidale.ConclusionTuberculum sellae/planum sphenoidale drilling via FBIA is feasible to enhance the direct visualization of CP resection, which expands the intrasellar region with a direct resection of recurrent tumours in the sellar cavity and adhering to the medial wall of the cavernous sinus. The potential risk of a CSF leakage seemed to be mitigated when using water-tight microsutures on a piece of the pericranium/dura around the edge of the defective dura in the sellar region and the open sphenoid sinus cavity.     

鞍内鞍上型颅咽管瘤术后并发重度中枢性尿崩症的临床分析

目的:探讨鞍内鞍上型颅咽管瘤术后并发重度中枢性尿崩症(CDI)的原因及治疗体会。方法:收集我院收治的36例鞍内鞍上型颅咽管瘤术后重度CDI患者的临床资料,回顾性分析肿瘤与三脑室的位置关系、质地、与周围组织是否粘连3个不同因素与术后重度CDI发生率的关联,并总结治疗体会。结果:三脑室内型鞍内鞍上型颅咽管瘤CDI的发生率高于三脑室外型(P<0.05);与周围解剖结构有粘连的鞍内鞍上型颅咽管瘤CDI的发生率高于无粘连者(P<0.05);质地软、硬对鞍内鞍上型颅咽管瘤术后重度CDI的发生率无影响(P>0.05)。经积极治疗短期得到控制者34例(94.44%),得到控制时间为(9.47±5.87)d,需长期药物控制尿崩症者2例(5.56%)。结论:鞍内鞍上型颅咽管瘤位于三脑室内、与周边解剖结构有粘连时术后易发生重度CDI,与肿瘤质地无明显相关;经积极治疗绝大多数CDI可得到有效控制。     

Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of a Craniopharyngioma: X-ray Microanalytical Study of the Intratumoral Mineralized Deposits

This paper discusser the value of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray microanalysis in the classification of craniopharyngiomas. This neoplasm shows epithelial nests, cords of cuboid cells, foci of squamous metaplasia, and microcystic degeneration. SEM reveals that the epithelial cysts are lined with elongated cells that possess numerous microvilli and blebs and that some cysts are lined with polyhedral cells. The microvilli are interpreted as characteristic of the fast growing craniopharyngiomas. A microanalytical study of the calcified areas reveals the presence of magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium.     

The safety and efficacy of endoscopic endonasal approach in the treatment of recurrent craniopharyngioma: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Craniopharyngioma is the most challenging brain tumor with a high recurrence rate. Some scholars have shown that endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) can achieve a higher total tumor resection rate and significantly reduce the incidence of complications and mortality. However, there is still no consensus on the surgical approach for recurrent craniopharyngioma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EEA in the treatment of recurrent craniopharyngioma.Methods:We will search 7 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, AMED, Scopus) to collect related randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The resection rate, recurrence rate and progression-free survival rate will be regarded as the primary outcome, and the incidence of complications will be regarded as the secondary outcome. Endnote Software X9.0 will be used to filter articles, Review Manager Software 5.2 and STATA software 16.0 will be used for analysis and synthesis.Results:We will integrate existing studies to assess the safety and efficacy of EEA in the treatment of recurrent craniopharyngioma.Conclusion:Our study will provide EEA as an effective and safe treatment for recurrent craniopharyngioma.Registration number:International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42020199860