足底板对类风湿性关节炎患者足底压的影响

目的 :测定类风湿性关节炎病人足底压 ,评价足底板的生物力学效应。方法 :12名女性类风湿性关节炎病人和 8名健康女性进行年龄和体重匹配。用 F- Scan系统进行动态足底压测量 ,Kistler床反力平台用以校正测量精确性。测量足底峰压和垂直分力 ,评价足底板的生物力学表现。结果 :类风湿性关节炎病人中足底压明显高于健康人。使用足底板后 ,足底总的峰压明显降低 ,前足、后足峰压减低 ,中足峰压增高。而垂直分力改变不大。结论 :足底板能显著降低足底压力 ,使足底压力重分布 ,减轻类风湿足痛。特殊设计的足底板对类风湿足痛的治疗能起重要的作用     

Rehabilitation and orthotic management of congenital and acquired meromelia in the lower limbs of children

Children with limb deficiencies or amputations of the lower extremities should be enabled to stand or walk according to their state of development, because standing and walking are among the most important preconditions for the best possible integration. Supplying them with a prosthesis, orthosis and orthoprosthesis is therefore indispensable for rehabilitation. While a prosthesis replaces parts of the extremities, an orthosis stabilizes the existing extremity. Orthoprostheses compensate longitudinal malformations, have a supporting effect, allow growth to be controlled and compensate for shortening. Just as important as the remedy is early medical treatment. The medical team taking care of the patient works out a treatment plan where responsible cooperation with the parents is of utmost importance. The focus of all efforts is, of course, the handicapped child. Examples are used to demonstrate the course of successful rehabilitation of children and adolescents with damaged limbs. Equally the psychological situation of the parents and child is taken into consideration.     

新型防旋支具在中西医结合保守治疗胫腓骨骨折中的应用

[目的]探讨新型防旋支具在中西医结合保守治疗胫腓骨骨折中的临床应用效果。[方法]2015年9月—2017年1月行保守治疗的胫腓骨骨折患者64例,随机分为试验组(32例)和对照组(32例)。两组患者入院后均行跟骨牵引术,中医正骨手法复位联合小夹板固定,辅以中药外敷内服。试验组术后采用新型防旋支具固定患肢,防止足部外旋;对照组术后采用传统的方法防止足部外旋。定期进行疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS法)评分,应用Kolcaba舒适状况量表(GCQ)检测舒适度改善状况,计算机断层扫描(CT)检查测量骨折旋转移位角度,随访记录骨折愈合时间及并发症情况,采用Johener-Wruhs评分系统对患肢功能进行评价。[结果]试验组骨折旋转移位角度小于对照组,牵引术后第1、3、7天的VAS疼痛评分均低于对照组,舒适度GCQ总分和其中的生理、心理精神维度单项得分均高于对照组,骨折愈合时间短于对照组,肢体功能Johner-Wruhs评分优良率高于对照组。两组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]中西医结合保守治疗胫腓骨骨折过程中应用新型防旋支具,可以有效维持足部中立位,纠正成角及旋转畸形,辅助复位,减轻疼痛,提高患者舒适感受,缩短骨折愈合时间,有利于患肢功能恢复,且不增加并发症的发生,便于护理,安全可靠。     

Relapse of Clubfoot after Treatment with the Ponseti Method and the Function of the Foot Abduction Orthosis

Ponseti clubfoot treatment has become more popular during the last decade because of its high initial correction rate. But the most common problem affecting the long-term successful outcome is relapse of the deformity. Non-compliance with Ponseti brace protocol is a major problem associated with relapse. Although more comfortable braces have been reported to improve the compliance, they all have the same design and no significant changes have been made to the protocols. After refinement in the Ponseti method and emphasizing the importance of brace to parents, the relapse rate has been markedly decreased. Nevertheless, there are patients who do not have any recurrence although they are not completely compliant with the brace treatment, whereas other patients have a recurrence even though they are strictly compliant with the brace treatment. The aim of this article is to review the relapse of clubfoot and the function of the brace and to develop an individualized brace protocol for each patient by analyzing the mechanism of the brace and the biomechanical properties of muscles, tendons, and ligaments.     

手部动力支具在多区肌腱损伤修复术后的应用

【】目的：探讨手部动力支具在多区肌腱修复术后的临床应用效果。方法：选取2016年6月～2018年6月我院收治的81例肌腱损伤患者,采用随机数表法分为支具治疗组45例和对照组36例,分别予安装手部动力支具功能锻炼及常规治疗,患指肌腱修复后功能用TAM[总主动活动度测定法(total active movement,TAM)]评定。结果：随访3个月,支具组综合优良率为87.9％,对照组综合优良率为63.9％ ,两组间差异有显著性意义(P<0．05);支具治疗组二次松解手术率明显低于常规治疗组,组间数据对比差异显著(X₂=3.854,p=0.048),且未发生不良反应。结论：手部动力支具能较明显地减轻肌腱修复术后粘连的发生,降低二次手术的几率,由此可见手部动力支具在在肌腱修复术后的康复治疗是安全有效的。     

Six-Minute Walk Test Performance in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis While Using Passive or Powered Ankle-Foot Orthoses

Objective

To determine whether a powered ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) that provides dorsiflexor and plantar flexor assistance at the ankle can improve walking endurance of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Understanding the role of foot biomechanics on regional foot orthosis deformation in flatfoot individuals during walking

BackgroundFoot orthoses (FOs) are one of the most common interventions to restore normal foot mechanics in flatfoot individuals. New technologies have made it possible to deliver customized FOs with complex designs for potentially better functionalities. However, translating the individuals’ biomechanical needs into the design of customized FOs is not yet fully understood.Research questionOur objective was to identify whether the deformation of customized FOs is related to foot kinematics and plantar pressure during walking.MethodsThe kinematics of multi-segment foot and FOs contour were recorded together with plantar pressure in 17 flatfoot individuals while walking with customized FOs. The deformation of FOs surface was predicted from its contour kinematics using an artificial neural network. Plantar pressure map and deformation were divided into five anatomically based regions defined by the corresponding foot segments. Forward stepwise linear mixed models were built for each of the four gait phases to determine the feet-FOs interaction.ResultsIt was observed that some associations existed between foot kinematics and pressure with regional FOs deformation. From heel-strike to foot-flat, longitudinal arch angle was associated with FOs deformation in forefoot. From foot-flat to midstance, rearfoot eversion accounted for variation in the deformation of medial FOs regions, and forefoot abduction for the lateral regions. From midstance to heel-off, rearfoot eversion, longitudinal arch angle, and plantar pressure played significant role in deformation. Finally, from heel-off to toe-off, forefoot adduction affected the deformation of forefoot and midfoot.SignificanceThis study provides guidelines for designing customized FOs. Flatfoot individuals with excessive rearfoot eversion or very flexible medial arches require more support on medial FOs regions, while the ones with excessive forefoot abduction need the support on lateral regions. However, a compromise should be made between the level of support and the level of increase in plantar pressure to avoid stress on foot structures.     

Relationship Between Juncturae Tendinum and Sagittal Bands

The juncturae tendinum and sagittal bands transmit precise forces through the dorsum of the hand. Both structures are integral in the mechanics of normal digital extension and in stabilization of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Extensor tendon injury, or rupture/attenuation of sagittal bands and/or juncturae tendinum, may disrupt the kinematic chain and lead to a number of abnormal hand postures and motions. Early treatment of extensor tendon and/or sagittal band injury is dependent upon proper recognition of primary pathology. Proper evaluation and the use of special clinical tests should be implemented to rule out other pathologies. Once diagnosed, treatment may consist of relative motion splinting and standard pain/edema control measures to increase joint motion, tendon excursion, and functional use of the hand.