复合膳食纤维对大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用的影响

制备复合膳食纤维 (dietaryfiber,DF) ,并分别探讨复合、混合及三种单一的DF对高脂血症大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用的影响。选健康、断乳Wistar大鼠 6 4只 ,按体重随机分为 8组 ,用高脂饲料诱发高脂血症的同时 ,分别添加 10 %的DF :纤维素 (B组 )、果胶 (C组 )、海藻酸钠 (D组 )、纤维素 -果胶复合物 (E组 )、纤维素 -海藻酸钠复合物 (F组 )、纤维素 -果胶混合物 (G组 )、纤维素 -海藻酸钠混合物 (H组 ) ,以单纯的高脂饲料组为对照组 (A组 ) ,观察各种DF对大鼠的生长发育及脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果显示 :1、添加 10 %的各种DF不影响大鼠的生长发育。 2、各种DF皆可显著升高血清超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) (P <0 0 1)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)活性 (P <0 0 1) ,降低丙二醛 (MDA)水平 (P <0 0 5 ,B、D组除外 ) ,提高红细胞膜的流动性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,以复合物、混合物效果为明显。 3、各种DF可不同程度地增加粪重和粪脂排出量 (P <0 0 5 ,D组除外 ) ,以复合物、混合物为明显。提示各种DF皆可不同程度地降低大鼠体内脂质过氧化作用 ,提高红细胞膜的流动性 ,其中可溶性DF效果优于不可溶性DF ,而复合、混合DF的效果又优于单一的DF ,且以复合物效果为佳     

A randomized prospective comparision of two methods of administering topical treatment in otitis externa

Ten patients with bilateral moderate or severe otitis externa were studied. Following aural toilet each patient was subjected to two different treatments: one ear had alternate day dressings containing a topical antibiotic/steroid mixture, while the external canal of the other was filled with the same topical preparation (sump filling). Improvement in the severity of the otitis externa was assessed after 1 week. 9 out of 10 ear canals improved in each group. An estimate of the relative cost of each treatment was made and sump filling was found to be less expensive. The results suggest that sump filling is a low cost alternative to standard treatment in moderate and severe otitis externa.     

The use of the skin substitute “omiderm” in the Bashkyrian train catastrophe: a useful adjunct for mass burn casualties Report of 15 cases

Summary In June 1989, two trains exploded when passing over the trans-Ural natural gas pipeline. Eight hundred people were badly burned and between 1500–3000 people died. International assistance was requested by the Soviet government, and the Israel Army Medical Corps assistance delegation treated 40 burned patients who were transferred to the Sklifosovsky Trauma Center in Moscow. Fifteen of them suffered second degree burns with a BSA between 15% to 60%, and were treated with the skin substitute omiderm. Ten days after the application of the dressing, the wounds were epithelized and the patients discharged. The advantages of the omiderm as a skin substitute in second degree burns are described and its usefulness in mass burn casualties emphasized.     

Influence of macrolides on mucoid alginate biosynthetic enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Objective: The long-term administration of erythromycin (EM), clarithromycin (CAM) or azithromycin (AZM) has generally resulted in a favorable outcome for patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) infected with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To elucidate the mechanism involved, the influence of macrolides on mucoid alginate production by P. aeruginosa was investigated in vitro.
Methods: The macrolides used in this study were EM with a 14-membered ring, AZM with a 15-membered ring, midecamycin (MDM) with a 16-membered ring, and CP-4305, which has had mycarose removed from MDM, The effects of macrolides on mucoid P. aeruginosa were investigated by quantitative assay of alginate production and inhibition of guanosine diphospho-D-mannose dehydrogenase activity.
Results: After incubation with EM, AZM and CP-4305, the structural material of P. aeruginosa biofilm was distorted, and the enzymatic activity of GDP-D-mannose dehydrogenase, the most important enzyme in mucoid alginate biosynthesis, was inhibited. However, these effects were not observed with the 16-membered macrolide MDM.
Conclusions: The basic mechanism of clinical efficacy seen characteristically in 14- or 15-membered macrolides for patients with airway biofilm disease depends on the ability of such macrolides to inhibit alginate production by P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, this suggests that the inhibitory effect observed with 14-, 15- and 16-membered macrolides may depend on the sugar chain connected with the macrolide ring.     

免疫磁性海藻酸钠载药纳米微球的制备与评价

靶向治疗系统是目前研究的热点,用微乳化-离子交联方法制备包覆阿霉素的碳包铁/海藻酸钠复合纳米微球,以水溶性碳二亚胺为交联剂,将载药微球与单抗Hab18连接,制备出了免疫磁性药物纳米微球.对该免疫磁性微球的理化性能进行了表征,同时检测了免疫磁性微球中抗体的活性和免疫磁性微球与靶细胞的体外结合情况,结果表明,免疫磁性药物纳米微球平均粒径约为171.2nm,外观为球型,铁含量为14.6%,载药量为10.8%,且具有强磁响应性和长时间药物缓释效果.同时在体外该微球能够与靶细胞特异性结合.这种免疫磁性药物纳米微球有望成为一种优良的靶向肿瘤药物载体.     

海藻酸钙/枸杞多糖凝胶微球对小鼠骨质疏松的作用研究

目的研究海藻酸钙(ALG-Ca)/枸杞多糖(LBPs)凝胶微球对小鼠骨质疏松的作用。方法采用静电液滴法制备ALG-Ca凝胶微球、ALG-Ca/LBPs凝胶微球,用扫描电镜观察微球结构。建立去卵巢小鼠骨质疏松模型,随机分为假手术组、模型组、单纯ALG-Ca微球组、单纯LBPs组、ALG-Ca/LBPs凝胶微球组,每组8只,每日灌胃1次,干预时间为12周,对各组小鼠股骨行HE染色观察骨组织形态变化,Micro-CT检测并经三维重建获得骨组织微观结构,对小鼠血清骨钙素(BGP)、血清碱性磷酸酶(BALP)、1型胶原羧基末端肽(CTX-1)进行检测。结果扫描电镜观察示凝胶微球呈均匀一致的微球形结构;OVX+LBPs、OVX+ALG-Ca/LBPs组的BGP、BALP、CTX-1均低于OVX+PBS组(P<0.05);OVX+LBPs、OVX+ALG-Ca/LBPs组骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数目(Tb.N)及骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)均高于OVX+PBS组(P<0.05),骨小梁间隙(Tb.Sp)小于OVX+PBS组(P<0.05),以OVX+ALG-Ca/LBPs组为最佳(P<0.01)。结论ALG-Ca凝胶微球是LBPs治疗骨质疏松的良好药物缓释载体;LBPs为天然植物成分,通过LBPs/ALG-Ca凝胶微球可以改善骨质疏松小鼠的骨代谢及骨微结构。     

The sorptivity and durability of gelling fibre dressings tested in a simulated sacral pressure ulcer system

Wound‐dressing performances are affected by exudate viscosity, resistance to flow because of gravity, and bodyweight loads, the level of which is related to the body position. Here, we focussed on two dressing properties: (a) Sorptivity—the ability of dressings to transfer exudate away from the wound bed by capillary action—and (b) Durability—the capacity of dressings to maintain their integrity over time and during their removal. Both properties are critically important for avoiding further tissue damage but require the development of new laboratory tests for their measurement. A computer‐controlled phantom of an exuding sacral pressure ulcer has therefore been developed and used to compare the performances of Exufiber (Mölnlycke Health Care) vs an alternative market‐leading dressing. Sorptivity was determined using weight tests, and durability was measured through tensile tests of the used dressings. For a supine configuration, the Exufiber dressing demonstrated ~three times higher sorptivity and better durability, withstanding ~five times greater strain energy than the other product before failure occurred. This work paves the way for quantitative, standardised testing of dressings in all aspects of exudate management. The reported tests are further suitable for testing dressing combinations or how dressings interact with negative pressure wound therapy.     

A comparative study of three new occlusive dressings for healing of graft donor sites versus conventional therapy

Summary A comparative study of four skin graft donor site dressings was undertaken. This was a prospective and cross-over study of 25 consecutive patients with burns up to 40% TBSA treated with split skin grafts. Each donor site was divided into four sections and covered with different dressings in order to evaluate their effectiveness in healing, the time required for complete epithelialization, patient acceptance and any intolerance or local infection. The results showed that the occlusive hydrocolloid dressing significantly decreases (p<0.01) the mean time required for complete healing (7.45 days) compared with a semiocclusive hydrocolloid (10.29 days), a polyurethane sheet (9.4 days) and the conventional dressing (10.04 days).Presented at the IV European Burns Congress in Barcelona, Spain, September 25, 1991 (Abstract No. 117)     

Production of 5–15 µm Diameter Alginate-Polylysine Microcapsules by an Air-Atomization Technique

A novel method of preparing small-sized microcapsules using a Turbotak air-atomizer is reported. Alginate-polylysine microcapsules containing Bacillus Calmette Guérin vaccine have been prepared by an adaptation of the method of Lim (1) which allows the manufacture of small-sized microcapsules. A Turbotak is used to spray sodium alginate solution into calcium chloride solution to form temporary calcium alginate microgel capsules. These temporary microgel droplets are subsequently cross-linked with polylysine to form permanent membranes. Microcapules in the size range of 5–15 µm have been produced which can be compared to an average diameter of 300 µm obtained by the method reported by Lim. The microcapsule size is dependent on the conditions of operation of the Turbotak and the concentration of the sodium alginate solution. Particles within the size range 5–15 µm can be reproducibly manufactured using the conditions of operation reported here. Other size ranges below the minimum of 300 µm reported by Lim are also feasible using this technique.     

海藻酸-壳聚糖-聚乳酸羟乙醇酸复合微球的制备及其对蛋白释放的调节

目的制备蛋白的海藻酸-壳聚糖-聚乳酸羟乙醇酸(PLGA)复合微球，以增加蛋白药物的包封率、减少突释和不完全释放。方法以牛血清白蛋白为模型药物采用修饰的乳化、醇洗法制备小粒径海藻酸微囊，再以壳聚糖孵育制得海藻酸-壳聚糖双层微囊，并进一步用PLGA包裹制得复合微球。采用微量BCA试剂盒测定蛋白浓度，考察其包封率及释放行为，改变各种制备因素调节微球的释放特性。结果复合微球粒径约30 μm，形态圆整。与单纯PLGA微球相比，包封率由60%-70%上升至80%以上。复合微球在磷酸盐缓冲液的1 h突释量由40%-50%下降至25%以下，在生理盐水中则进一步下降至5%以下。结论海藻酸-壳聚糖-PLGA复合微球提高了蛋白药物的包封率，减少了药物的突释，并可通过调节PLGA比例调节药物的释放。