高温胁迫下半夏倒苗前后保护酶活力的变化

目的 :探讨在高温胁迫下半夏倒苗前后保护酶活力的变化 ,从而为防止半夏倒苗提供一定的信息。方法 :待半夏苗高 15cm左右时 ,进行 (30± 1)℃的高温胁迫 ,于不同的胁迫处理天数分别测定半夏叶片、叶柄和块茎中保护酶 (SOD ,POD ,CAT)活性和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)的含量。结果与结论 :随着高温胁迫时间的延长 ,半夏叶片和叶柄中MDA含量显著增加 ,而块茎中MDA含量增加却不显著。高温胁迫后 ,SOD和CAT活性都逐渐下降。POD活性经高温胁迫后呈现先上升后又迅速下降的趋势。     

Preschool teachers' perceptions of rough and tumble play vs. aggression in preschool-aged boys

Rough and tumble play has been found to be positive for physical, social and cognitive development; it is often erroneously misinterpreted as aggression and generally stopped by preschool teachers. The current study sought to examine the relationship between teacher training and education and judgements about aggression in children. Ninety-four preschool teachers currently working in child care centres viewed two videotapes depicting preschool-aged boys engaged in naturally occurring outdoor play. Participants scored the tapes for occurrence of aggression, using their own definition. Results indicated that child care providers with a four-year college degree in early childhood education reported less aggressive behaviours than those without a college degree. Novice child care providers reported higher levels of aggression than more experienced preschool teachers; child care providers with similar education/experience were more likely to report aggression within the same observation segment. These findings suggest that education may support more accurate assessments of aggressive play.     

误吸性肺损伤的螺旋CT特征及治疗对策初探

目的描述误吸性肺损伤(AILI)的胸部影像学特征,探讨应用甲基强的松龙对患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析具有完整病例资料的16例AILI患者的临床资料,重点分析胸部螺旋CT的表现,比较甲基强的松龙干预前后病变的转归。结果在16例AILI患者中,12例接受有创呼吸支持,均有直接的证据提示存在误吸;胸部螺旋CT检查,病变以肺下叶为主,常多肺叶累及;病变形态以混合性病变多见(14例),渗出/实变10例、网格样/蜂窝肺10例、胸腔积液8例、条索样病变5例、毛玻璃样改变3例。接受甲基强的松龙治疗的8例患者,AILI得到明显缓解,与未接受甲基强的松龙治疗的患者相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论提高对AILI的识别,早期应用类固醇干预可改善AILI的预后。     

水杨酸对半夏植株生长的影响

目的：研究不同浓度水杨酸(SA)对半夏植株生长的影响。方法：待半夏植株15 cm左右时,对半夏喷施不同浓度的SA溶液,3次后测量半夏株高,总叶绿素含量,SOD活性,MAD含量,光合作用速率,胞间CO₂浓度,蒸腾速率和叶温等生理生化指标的变化。结果：SA浓度为0.5 mmol·L^{-1时能增加胞间CO₂浓度,降低叶温,提高SOD保护酶活性,降低MDA含量,有助于光合速率提高。结论：半夏植株喷施适宜浓度的SA有利于植株生长,延缓半夏倒苗,提高块茎产量和总生物碱含量。}     

ICU患者意外拔管的原因分析与防范措施

目的分析我科(ICU)置管患者意外拔管的原因并提出有效的防范措施。方法我科2010年1月至2011年12月对260例ICU置管患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果发生意外拔管有12例次,因护理安全风险评估及护理措施不到位,而拔管的有10例次,占83.3%;因医护人员操作中缺乏对管路的保护和重视,而拔管的2例次,占16.6%。结论发现意外拔管与患者不适、未进行有效的肢体约束和健康宣教及护理不到位等有关,加强与患者的沟通,做好心理护理,提高其舒适护理,同时对其采取有效的肢体约束,规范操作程序,正确可靠的固定、适度镇静这些都是预防意外拔管的预防措施。     

Maternal separation altered behavior and neuronal spine density without influencing amphetamine sensitization

We studied the long-term influence of maternal separation (MS) on periadolescent behavior, adult amphetamine (AMPH) sensitization, and structural plasticity in the corticolimbic regions in rats. Male and female pups, separated daily for 3 h from the dam during postnatal day 3-21, were tested for periadolescent exploratory, emotional, cognitive, and social behaviors. The development and persistence of drug-induced behavioral sensitization were tested by repeated AMPH administration and a challenge, respectively. The spine density was examined in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) from Golgi-Cox stained neurons. The results showed that MS enhanced anxiety-like behavior in males. MS abolished the sex difference in playful attacks observed in controls with resultant feminization of male play behavior. Furthermore, the probability of complete rotation defense to face an attack was decreased in females. AMPH administration resulted in the development of behavioral sensitization that persisted at least for two weeks. Sensitization was not influenced by MS. MS increased the spine density in the NAc, the mPFC, and the OFC. Repeated AMPH administration increased the spine density in the NAc and the mPFC, and decreased it in the OFC. MS blocked the drug-induced alteration in these regions. In sum, MS during development influenced periadolescent behavior in males, and structurally reorganized cortical and subcortical brain regions without affecting AMPH-induced behavioral sensitization.     

不同反刍性沉思类型的意外创伤者的注意偏向特点

目的：考察不同反刍性沉思类型的意外创伤者的注意偏向特点.方法采用中文版反刍性沉思问卷,筛选目的性反刍性沉思、侵入性反刍性沉思的被试创伤者各30名,以正性、负性、中性情绪图片为试验材料进行点探测试验.结果目的性反刍性沉思伤者存在对正性情绪图片的注意偏向,其正性情绪图片的注意偏向及指向指数均显著大于0(P＜0．05);侵入性反刍性沉思伤者存在对负性情绪图片的注意偏向及注意脱离困难,其负性情绪图片的注意偏向及注意脱离指数均显著大于0(P＜0．05).结论不同反刍性沉思类型伤者的注意偏向特点或可为临床开展意外创伤者创伤后认知应对的心理干预提供依据.     

意外创伤者临床心理干预的研究与思考

总结近5年笔者所在博士、硕士研究生师生团队开展的“意外创伤者临床心理干预的系列研究”成果,介绍了“烧伤患者的早期心理干预模式”、“意外创伤者创伤后成长的干预模式”的理论研究及思路；报告了“意外创伤者早期心理他评量表”、“简体中文版创伤后成长评定量表”等工具的研究及其应用效果；就此类研究提出以下思考与展望:(1)完善干预模式需更多地尝试纵向追踪研究；(2)研制测评工具需更多地体现其样本代表性；(3)研究内容设计需更多地强调积极导向伤者.     

老年脑血管病病人跌倒的危险因素调查

[目的]了解老年脑血管病病人跌倒的发生情况及危险因素,为采取有效的护理措施提供依据.[方法]对12个月内有跌倒史的老年脑血管病病人56例进行调查,并进行平衡功能、环境安全评定.[结果]跌倒与急性脑血管病发作相关占23.2%,发生在日常生活活动中的占62.5%;平衡功能测试83.9%的病人不能完成单腿站立5 s,半数病人出现行走中即刻站立-转身延迟,1/3的病人转身180度完成困难.[结论]老年脑血管病病人跌倒的发生与急性脑血管病,平衡功能下降有关.加强对脑血管病的防治、预防日常生活活动中发生跌倒、重视室内环境安全及室内陪伴、加强平衡功能训练及健康教育有助于减少老年脑血管病病人跌倒的发生.