Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale

Abstract The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (JY-BOCS) were determined by 20 raters for 12 Japanese patients with obsessive compulsive disorder at four institutions. Interrater reliability for the total JY-BOCS score was excellent, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC = 0.960). Internal consistency was also excellent (Cronbach's α= 0.889). Concurrent and discriminant validity of the JY-BOCS was examined by comparing the scores on the JY-BOCS with those on the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and scales for depression and anxiety. A slight correlation was found between scores on the JY-BOCS and MOCI, but no significant correlations were found between scores on the JY-BOCS and those on scales for depression or anxiety.     

认知行为疗法在强迫症患者中的应用效果观察

目的探讨认知行为疗法在强迫症患者中的应用效果。方法选择强迫症患者52例,随机均分为A组和B组,每组各26例,两组患者给予常规护理,在此基础上B组患者实施认知行为疗法。在就诊时及治疗后(治疗第4周和第8周),采用耶鲁布朗强迫症状量表(Y-BOCS)对两组患者进行测评。结果治疗第4周和第8周,两组患者Y-BOCS总评分比较,均P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论在强迫症患者的治疗过程中,实施认知行为疗法,可提高临床疗效,促进疾病的康复。     

舍曲林与氯米帕明治疗强迫症对照观察

目的：探讨舍曲林与氯米帕明治疗强迫症的临床疗效和安全性。方法将62例强迫症患者随机分为两组,分别给予舍曲林、氯米帕明治疗,观察8周。采用耶鲁‐布朗强迫量表、副反应量表评定临床疗效及不良反应。结果治疗2周末起两组耶鲁‐布朗强迫量表评分均较治疗前显著降低（P＜0．01）,同期两组比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。两组总有效率比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,舍曲林组不良反应发生率显著低于氯米帕明组（P＜0．01）。结论舍曲林治疗强迫症疗效显著,与氯米帕明相当,但舍曲林安全性高。     

艾司西酞普兰联合森田疗法治疗强迫症的疗效观察

目的：比较艾司西酞普兰联合森田疗法与单用艾司西酞普兰治疗强迫症的临床疗效。方法：将56例强迫症患者分为研究组和对照组,研究组给予艾司西酞普兰联合森田疗法治疗,对照组只给予艾司西酞普兰治疗。疗程8周。所有患者均评定耶鲁－布朗强迫症状量表（ Y－BOCS ）,并评定康复效果。结果：2周后,研究组Y－BOCS评分低于治疗前（t＝21．5,P＜0．05）,4周后,对照组Y－BOCS评分低于治疗前（t＝2．09,P＜0．05）,且研究组Y－BOCS评分低于对照组（t＝3．27,4．62,6．31;P均＜0．01）;8周后,总有效率研究组高于对照组（χ2＝3．87,P＜0．05）。结论：艾司西酞普兰联合森田疗法治疗强迫症效果优于单纯药物治疗。     

心理分析法治疗强迫症31例疗效观察

目的 探讨心理分析法在强迫症治疗中的作用及疗效.方法 应用心理分析法对我院2000年10月~2006年10月间门诊并符合CCMD-3诊断标准的31例强迫症(OCD)患者进行心理分析治疗,采用Yale-Brown强迫量表(Y-BOCS)于疗前、疗后各评定1次,通过其减分率评定临床疗效.结果 31例患者中痊愈8例,显效11例,有效6例,无效6倒,取得良好效果.结论 心理分析法治疗强迫症有较好的疗效.     

Cognitive dysfunctions in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder compared to the patients with schizophrenia patients: relation to overvalued ideas

OBJECTIVE: The clinical overlaps between schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) seem to be related to thought disorders involving obsessions, overvalued ideas, and delusions. Overvalued ideas are beliefs falling in between obsessions and delusions and are stronger than obsessions but weaker than delusions. The goal of the present study was to compare patients with OCD to those with schizophrenia in terms of cognitive functions and to relate cognition and overvalued ideas in OCD. METHODS: Twenty three patients with OCD (free of depression), 24 patients with schizophrenia, and 22 healthy subjects matched to patients in age, gender, education, and hand dominance were included in the study. All subjects were administered neurocognitive tests assessing verbal learning-memory, executive functions, verbal fluency, attention and verbal working memory. RESULTS: Patients with schizophrenia showed worse performance on cognitive tests than the OCD and control groups. The severity of overvalued ideas was significantly correlated to cognitive functions in the OCD group. There were no significant differences in cognitive functions between schizophrenia group and the OCD patients who had higher scores on the Overvalued Ideas Scale (OVIS). CONCLUSION: Overvalued ideas in OCD may be related to cognitive dysfunctions in OCD and this subtype of OCD may have similar characteristics to schizophrenia in terms of cognition.     

Alteration of fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of fractional anisotropy (FA) have been reported in previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, there are some inconsistencies in the results and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) has not been investigated. The goal of this study was to investigate white matter abnormalities and water diffusivity, as reflected by FA and ADC, using DTI in patients with OCD. METHODS: Fifteen patients with OCD and 15 healthy volunteers underwent DTI. Voxelwise analysis was used to compare FA in white matter and ADC in gray matter/white matter of the two groups. RESULTS: Compared with healthy volunteers, the patients had higher FA in the bilateral semioval center extending to the subinsular white matter; and a higher ADC in the left medial frontal cortex. There were no areas with a significantly lower FA or ADC in patients compared with healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: A significantly higher FA was found in regions associated with the emotion of disgust and a trend for a higher ADC was found in a region associated with the regulation of emotions. These findings suggest that neurocircuits involved in disgust processing may play an important role in the pathophysiology of OCD.     

氟伏沙明联合认知行为疗法治疗儿童青少年强迫症对照研究

目的 探讨氟伏沙明联合认知行为疗法治疗儿童青少年强迫症的临床疗效和安全性.方法 将60例儿童青少年强迫症患者随机分为两组,每组30例,两组均口服氟伏沙明治疗,研究组在此基础上联合认知行为治疗,观察12周.于治疗前及治疗2周、4周、8周、12周末采用Yale-Brown强迫量表评定临床疗效,儿童大体评定量表评定儿童精神障...     

早年创伤经历与强迫症的相关性研究

目的 探讨早年创伤经历与强迫症的相关性,并进一步探讨其与强迫症的起病年龄、病程及严重程度的相关性.方法 对符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的185例强迫症患者以及132例健康对照进行早年创伤问卷简表(ETI-SF)评估,并对强迫症患者进行临床资料及Yale-Brown强迫量表的评定.结果 相对于对照组,强迫症组早年创伤量表总分更高[(3.55±3.29)分,(1.51±1.98)分,P＜0.01],而且4个维度得分也均高于对照组,其中普通创伤[(0.89±1.10)分,(0.43±0.77)分,P＜0.01],躯体创伤[(0.98±1.31)分,(0.65±1.04)分,P=0.016],情感虐待[(1.43±1.61)分,(0.38±0.89)分,P＜0.01],性创伤[(0.24±0.59)分,(0.06±0.30)分,P＜0.01],且女性强迫症患者性创伤多于男性患者[(0.33±0.69)分,(0.16±0.45)分,P=0.049].早年创伤总分及各维度分值(除外性创伤)与强迫症患者的起病年龄成负相关(P＜0.01).结论 强迫症患者有较多的早年创伤经历,且经历越多,其起病年龄越早,早年创伤经历可能是强迫症发生发展的重要环境因素之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the association between early trauma experiences and obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). Methods One hundred and eighty-five patients who met with OCD diagnosis of DSM-Ⅳ and one hundred and thirty-two healthy controls were recruited. Early trauma experience of all participants was assessed with Early Trauma Inventory-Short Form (ETI-SF) ,and severity of symptoms of OCD patients was evaluated with Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Severity Scale (Y-BOCS). Results When compared with controls, OCD group showed significantly higher in ETI-SF total score (3.55 ± 3.29 vs 1.51 ± 1.98, P ＜ 0. 01 ) and had greater in general trauma (0.89 ± 1.10 vs 0. 43 ±0.77, P＜0.01 ) ,physical abuse (0.98 ± 1.31 vs 0.65 ±1.04, P=0. 016),emotional abuse(1.43 ±1.61 vs 0.38 ±0.89, P＜0. 01),and sexual abuse(0.24 ±0.59 vs 0.06 ±0.30, P＜0. 01 ). Female OCD patients reported more sexual abuse than male patients(0.33 ±0.69 vs0. 16 ± 0.45, P = 0.049) . There was a negative correlation between onset age of obsessive symptoms and early trauma experiences(P ＜ 0. 01 ), except sexual abuse experiences (P = 0. 10). Conclusion OCD patients have much more childhood traumas, and the more trauma experiences are,the earlier onset of OCD is, which may associated with the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder.     

Symptom structure of antipsychotic-induced obsessive compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia patients

Objective

The use of clozapine or other second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) has been reported to produce obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms as adverse mental affects. However, it is not yet clear if SGA-induced OC symptoms have the same phenomenological characteristics as those displayed in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). This study investigated the nature of symptoms and dimensions of SGA-induced OC symptoms in schizophrenia patients, which were then compared with those reported in pure OCD.

Methods

The study subjects were fifty-one schizophrenia patients with SGA-induced OC symptoms. Symptom evaluation was performed using the Korean version of the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Exploratory factor analysis of symptom categories of Y-BOCS symptom checklist (Y-BOCS-SC) was conducted.

Results

Frequencies of individual symptom categories were comparable to those reported in Korean OCD patients. Five factors (forbidden thoughts, hoarding, cleaning, symmetry, and counting) were generated from 13 main symptom categories, which accounted for 70.7% of the total variance. This factor structure is also remarkably similar to those reported in pure OCD patients. The factor score of ‘cleaning’ was significantly correlated with the overall severity of OC symptoms (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

A high level of similarity between the nature of symptoms and dimensions identified in patients with SGA-induced OC symptoms and those revealed in OCD patients suggests a common biological mechanism underlying these two clinical conditions.