Stop violence against medical workers in China

The incidence of patient-doctor disputes are alarmingly increasing in China, this article reviews the current status and causes of violence against medical workers in China, six strategies to tackle the daily worrying problems have been proposed and hopefully could improve the medical working environment in China.     

The neural processing of voluntary completed,real and virtual violent and nonviolent computer game scenarios displaying predefined actions in gamers and nongamers

Abstract

Studies investigating the effects of violent computer and video game playing have resulted in heterogeneous outcomes. It has been assumed that there is a decreased ability to differentiate between virtuality and reality in people that play these games intensively. FMRI data of a group of young males with (gamers) and without (controls) a history of long-term violent computer game playing experience were obtained during the presentation of computer game and realistic video sequences. In gamers the processing of real violence in contrast to nonviolence produced activation clusters in right inferior frontal, left lingual and superior temporal brain regions. Virtual violence activated a network comprising bilateral inferior frontal, occipital, postcentral, right middle temporal, and left fusiform regions. Control participants showed extended left frontal, insula and superior frontal activations during the processing of real, and posterior activations during the processing of virtual violent scenarios. The data suggest that the ability to differentiate automatically between real and virtual violence has not been diminished by a long-term history of violent video game play, nor have gamers' neural responses to real violence in particular been subject to desensitization processes. However, analyses of individual data indicated that group-related analyses reflect only a small part of actual individual different neural network involvement, suggesting that the consideration of individual learning history is sufficient for the present discussion.     

暴力犯罪人风险决策特点的研究

目的 分析暴力犯罪人不同信息框架下的决策行为特点,并探讨不同犯罪类型犯罪人的决策差异.方法 以整群抽样的方法抽取陕西省某监狱在押暴力犯罪人364名,19～26岁的正常男性被试364名,并分别随机分成两组,对Kahneman的经典亚洲疾病问题和自编赌博问题决策选择情景进行二选一的选择.结果 面对亚洲疾病问题,负面框架下,犯罪人类型A和犯罪人类型B均显示出比正常被试更容易受到框架的干扰,差异显著(x2=17.595,27.321;P＜0.05).面对自编赌博问题,在正面框架下,仅有犯罪人类型B显示出比正常被试更容易受到框架的干扰,差异显著(x2=4.593,P＜0.05).结论 在犯罪决策中,决策不仅仅受到框架效应的影响,同时也受到犯罪人的犯罪类型和框架情境相关程度的影响.     

具有暴力行为的女性偏执型分裂症患者MMPI对照研究

目的 研究具有暴力行为的女性精神分裂症患者的人格特征。方法 对31例具有暴力行为女性偏执型分裂症患者与41例无暴力行为的女性偏执型分裂症患者进行MMPI测查。结果 研究组与对照组在L、F、K、Pa有统计学差哥（P〈0．05）,Pd、Pt、Sc、Si两组具有明显差异（P〈0．01,P〈0．001）,两组剖析图相似呈F—Pa-Sc。结论 具有暴力行为的女性偏执型分裂症有特殊的人格特征,旨在对女性分裂症患者发生暴力行为加以预测。     

Type D personality and posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of violence: a cross-sectional exploration

The current study explored the relationship between type D personality and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of violence (n = 189). The basic premise underlying the type D concept is that it is not the experience of negative emotions per se that renders individuals at risk of maladjustment in the face of adversity, but the way they are dealt with. Particularly the combination of high negative affectivity and social inhibition (i.e., the non-expression of emotions and inhibition of behaviours in social interactions) is assumed to be maladaptive. It was hypothesized that a high score on negative affectivity (i.e., above a pre-determined cut-off score) would only contribute to PTSD in the presence of a high score on social inhibition (also above a pre-determined cut-off score). Univariate results indicated that type D subjects (type Ds) reported higher PTSD symptom levels than those characterized by high negative affectivity/low social inhibition or low negative affectivity. Type Ds more often suffered from probable PTSD than non-type Ds. In multivariate analyses, type D personality was associated with an increased risk of probable PTSD above and beyond background variables, while high negative affectivity/low social inhibition was not. Results were discussed in light of victim support practices and study limitations.     

Methods and Findings from the National Violent Death Reporting System for Identifying Gang-Like Homicides, 2005–2008

Background

The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) captures homicides that law enforcement or coroner/medical examiners deem as gang-related but the criteria used may vary across locations. Also, the existing gang-related variable likely underestimates the number of homicides that are associated with gang activity. This study utilizes NVDRS data to identify “gang-like” homicides which are not currently captured as “gang-related.”

成年男性暴力犯罪人员的三维人格特征及其与童年期创伤的关系

目的探讨暴力犯罪人员的三维人格特征和童年期创伤经历的特点及两者间的关系,为暴力犯罪的心理矫治及其犯罪行为的预防提供科学依据。方法采用三维人格问卷、童年期创伤史问卷（CTQ）及自行编制的在押服刑罪犯一般情况登记表对符合纳入、排除标准的400名对象的资料进行收集、整理。根据是否暴力犯罪者分为两组,对两组资料进行比较;最后将TPQ与CTQ各因子进行相关分析。结果暴力犯罪组寻求刺激维度及NS4因子高于非暴力犯罪组,奖赏依赖维度及RD1、RD3因子低于非暴力犯罪组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或0.01）,余维度及因子差异无统计学意义。暴力犯罪组童年期创伤史中的情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、情感忽视及躯体忽视等因子分均高于非暴力犯罪组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或0.01）。三维人格量表寻求刺激维度和躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待、躯体忽视均呈正相关（P〈0.05或0.01））,躲避伤害维度和躯体忽视、情感忽视因子呈正相关（P〈0.05或0.01）,而奖赏依赖维度则和童年期创伤的五个因子均呈负相关（P〈0.05或0.01）。结论暴力犯具有冲动、探索、易变、兴奋、脾气急躁、外向和不守陈规等人格特征。童年遭受虐待可增加个体的冲动、攻击性,从而增加暴力犯罪的几率,因而暴力犯心理矫治时要了解其人格特征,结合其童年期的经历才能更加有的放矢。     

不同性别司法精神医学鉴定暴力案件的比较分析

目的探讨司法精神医学鉴定中不同性别暴力案件特征的差异性。方法采用自行编制的司法精神病学鉴定案例调查表收集广州市精神病医院司法鉴定暴力案件,按照性别分组,比较不同性别暴力案件司法鉴定特征的差异性。结果（1）社会人口学特征：男性组和女性组在年龄和婚姻方面存在差异性（P〈0．05）,在职业、文化、籍贯方面的差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;（2）两组在举鉴者、作案方式、作案工具等的比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;两组在举鉴理由、作案后果、危害对象、作案性质、作案动机、作案后表现、诊断类型、合并精神症状和责任能力评定等方面的差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论不同性别司法精神医学鉴定暴力案件的特征比较既存在某些共性,又存在明显的差别。     

有无凶杀行为的精神分裂症患者智测结果比较

目的 探讨有凶杀行为与无凶杀行为的精神分裂症患者之间的认知差异.方法 对有凶杀行为的精神分裂症组(39例)、无凶杀行为的精神分裂症组(32例)及正常对照组(38例)进行韦氏成人智力测验,并比较三组间测验分数的差异.结果 除相似性分量表评分外,有凶杀行为的精神分裂症组与无凶杀行为的精神分裂症组其它各分量表评分和智商均显著低于正常对照组;有凶杀行为的精神分裂症组相似性分量表评分和言语智商均显著低于无凶杀行为的精神分裂症组.结论 精神分裂症患者存在认知缺损,且有凶杀行为和无凶杀行为的精神分裂症患者之间亦存在某种程度的认知差异.     

The concept of violent suicide,its underlying trait and neurobiology: A critical perspective

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death and represents a significant public health problem world-wide. Individuals who attempt or die by suicide represent a highly heterogeneous population. Recently, efforts have been made to identify sub-populations and variables to categorize them. A popular dichotomy in suicide research of the past years is violent versus non-violent suicide - based on the method. This dichotomy is important given that there is an association between method of attempted suicide and risk of subsequent death by suicide. The differentiation concerning suicide methods is also critical regarding preventive efforts. In this review, we have tried to approach the concept of violent suicide from different perspectives, including a discussion about its definition and overlapping categories. In addition, we have critically discussed aggression as underlying trait, the question of intent to die, and sociodemographic, environmental, neuropsychological, and neurobiological factors potentially associated with violent suicide.