Entorno prehospitalario y manejo en UCI de epiglotitis en un adulto

Management by the environment is complex, which means a much higher percentage of difficult airways than in a regulated environment such as the operating room. Failure or prolonged attempt to tracheal intubation is associated with unfavorable outcomes and serious complications. Acute epiglottitis is a life-threatening disorder, classified as a medical emergency within the diseases of the upper respiratory airway and characterized by its sudden and deadly evolution if rapid intubation is not achieved to allow oxygenation of the patient. We describe a 36-year-old male patient with stridor, dyspnea e hypoxemia due to total obstruction of airway, caused by an acute epiglottitis. We aim to highlight this unusual injury and its management from the prehospital until discharge illustrating the severity of the clinical presentation, current treatment and outcome.     

Evaluation of gum-elastic bougie combined with direct and indirect laryngoscopes in vomitus setting: A randomized simulation trial

Purpose

Videolaryngoscopes may not be useful in the presence of vomitus due to blurred images on the monitor. The objective of our study is to compare the utility of gum-elastic bougie (GEB) application for tracheal intubation with the Macintosh laryngoscope (McL), which is a direct laryngoscope, with that of the Pentax-AWS Airwayscope® (AWS) and McGRATH® MAC (McGRATH) in simulated vomitus settings.

Nasotracheal intubation using the Airtraq versus Macintosh laryngoscope: a manikin study

The Airtraq laryngoscope is a new intubation device that provides a non-line-of-sight view of the glottis. We evaluated this device by comparing the ease of nasotracheal intubation on a manikin with the use of Airtraq versus the Macintosh laryngoscope with and without Magill forceps. Nasotracheal intubation on a manikin was performed by 20 anesthesiologists and 20 residents with the Airtraq or Macintosh laryngoscope. The mean (+/- SD) time required for nasotracheal intubation by the residents was significantly shorter with the Airtraq laryngoscope than with the Macintosh laryngoscope (16 +/- 7 sec vs 22 +/- 10 sec; P < .001), but no difference in intubation time was observed between Airtraq (15 +/- 11 sec) and Macintosh (13 +/- 6 sec) laryngoscopy by the anesthesiologists. The Magill forceps was used more frequently to facilitate intubation with the Macintosh laryngoscope than with the Airtraq laryngoscope in both groups of operators 7(P < .001). The Airtraq laryngoscope scored better on the visual analog scale than did the Macintosh laryngoscope in both groups of operators (P < .05). The Airtraq laryngoscope offers potential advantages over standard direct laryngoscopy for nasotracheal intubation.     

Fiberscope Assisted Videolaryngoscope Intubation in the Surgical Treatment of TMJ Ankylosis

Temporomandibular ankylosis is characterized by the formation of a bony mass which replaces normal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articulation. Anaesthetic management in these patients requires expertise and dependable intubation technique that allows successful intubation due to anticipated difficulty in accessing the airway. A novel technique of endotracheal intubation is used for the successful airway management during the surgical treatment in patients with TMJ ankylosis with the assistance of fiberscope and GlideScope^® videolaryngoscope. GlideScope^® videolaryngoscope is a recently introduced system for tracheal intubation that has a dedicated video camera encased into a laryngoscope blade and provides better panoramic view than the conventional laryngoscopes. This technique avoids complications such as trauma to soft tissue structures surrounding the glottis during the passage of the tube over the fiberscope. It gives a clear view of the tube and its cuff position during intubation. It also abbreviates the time required for intubation which is a crucial determinant in this subset of patients owing to the difficult airway associated with paediatric age group.     

不同喉镜气管插管时的血流动力学比较

目的比较靶控诱导后Shikani喉镜、Macintosh直接喉镜和GlideScope视频喉镜插管时的应激反应。方法选取2008年12月-2009年2月期间ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级、拟于全身麻醉下行择期颅内占位病变切除术的患者30例,随机分为Shikani喉镜组（S组）、Macintosh直接喉镜组（M组）与GlideScope视频喉镜组（G组）。靶控异丙酚和瑞芬太尼诱导,分别采用上述3种喉镜行经口气管插管。记录患者的心率、血压,计算心率收缩压乘积（RPP）。结果 3组插管时间、心率、血压和RPP比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。S组和M组插管后心率、血压及RPP均较插管前显著升高（P〈0.05）,而G组插管后的心率、60～300s时的收缩压、平均动脉压和RPP与插管前比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 3种喉镜进行经口气管插管时具有相似的血流动力学反应,GlideScope视频喉镜更有利于循环稳定。     

In-line head and neck position is preferable for tracheal intubation with the Airtraq laryngoscope compared to the sniffing position

We aimed to determine which position, the in-line head and neck position or the sniffing position, was preferable for tracheal intubation with the Airtraq laryngoscope. In all, 20 anesthetists performed tracheal intubations on a manikin with either an in-line head and neck position or the sniffing position. There were no differences in the success rate and the time to intubation between the two positions. The overall number of teeth clicks was lower in the in-line head and neck position than in the sniffing position (P < 0.05). The score for preference of position, on a visual analogue scale, was better for the in-line head and neck position than for the sniffing position (P < 0.01). We concluded that the in-line head and neck position was preferable for tracheal intubation with the Airtraq laryngoscope compared to the sniffing position.     

A randomised comparison of C-MAC™ and King Vision® videolaryngoscopes with direct laryngoscopy in 180 obstetric patients

BackgroundCurrent evidence suggests that there is uncertainty about which videolaryngoscope performs best in obstetric anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare C-MAC and King Vision® videolaryngoscopes and direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation of patients undergoing caesarean section.MethodsOne hundred and eighty women were randomly assigned. The primary outcome was the time to tracheal intubation. Secondary outcomes were the time to the best laryngeal view, grade of Cormack and Lehane view, overall and first-pass success, intubation difficulty, the number of intubation attempts and optimisation manoeuvres; and complications.ResultsThe time to successful intubation, first-pass and overall success rates did not differ between the devices. The difficulty of intubation was less for C-MAC than King Vision® (P <0.001). No difference was observed between King Vision® and direct laryngoscopy (P=0.06) or C-MAC and direct laryngoscopy (P=0.05). King Vision® required the longest time to best laryngeal view (9 ± 6 s, P=0.028), had the highest rate of grade 1 view (47 (80%) patients, P <0.001), and the highest need for optimisation manoeuvres (59 (100%) patients, P <0.0001). Five minor complications were recorded with King Vision® and one with direct laryngoscopy.ConclusionsCompared to direct laryngoscopy, C-MAC and King Vision® did not prolong the time to intubation, supporting these videolaryngoscopes as primary intubation devices in obstetric anaesthesia. The C-MAC was easier to use and needed fewer additional manoeuvres than the King Vision®. The C-MAC may be better suited for tracheal intubation of obstetric patients undergoing caesarean section.     

可视喉镜与直接喉镜在双腔支气管插管中的应用

目的观察比较可视喉镜与直接喉镜在双腔支气管插管中的临床效果,探讨两者在双腔支气管插管中的应用价值。方法选择择期需行双腔支气管插管的胸外科手术患者80例,男50例,女30例,年龄18~70岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,将患者随机分为两组:可视喉镜组和直接喉镜组,每组40例,分别使用可视喉镜和直接喉镜行双腔支气管插管。观察比较两组声门显露(C-L)分级、插管时间、第一次插管成功率、插管反应阳性例数和术后24h咽喉痛发生率;监测患者入室后(T_0)、诱导后插管前1min(T_1)、插管后1min(T_2)、2min(T_3)、3min(T_4)MAP、HR;记录口腔损伤出血情况以及气管壁及隆突损伤情况。结果与可视喉镜组比较,直接喉镜组声门显露C-L分级和第一次插管成功率明显升高,插管时间明显缩短,插管反应阳性发生率和术后24h咽喉痛发生率明显降低(P0.05)。两组口腔损伤出血情况及气管壁及隆突损伤情况差异无统计学意义。T_2、T_3时两组MAP明显低于T_1时,且T_2、T_3时直接喉镜组MAP明显低于可视喉镜组(P0.05)。结论与可视喉镜比较,对无预计困难气道的患者,直接喉镜更适用于双腔支气管插管。     

经视频喉镜左侧行气管导管置入的应用

目的 探讨视频喉镜行左侧气管导管置入的应用效果.方法 择期全麻手术气道正常患者40例随机均分成两组.麻醉诱导后,分别将气管导管从视频喉镜左侧(左侧组)或右侧(右侧组)置入气管,记录插管时间、声门暴露程度、插管一次成功率及不良事件,并记录气管插管前(T1)、气管插管完成即刻(T2)、气管插管后4 min(T3)的BP、HR变化.结果 左侧组插管时间与右侧组相仿[(62.6±12.7)s vs.(61.2±10.7) s](P＞0.05),两组声门暴露程度、插管一次成功率、血流动力学变化均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).两组均无不良事件发生.结论 视频喉镜左侧气管导管置入对于正常气道患者具有可行性.