绵羊肥大细胞中类胰蛋白酶的证实

用甲苯胺蓝和阿尔辛蓝常规组织化学方法及特异性酶底物鉴定人肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶的酶组织化学技术，采用小鼠抗人肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶单克隆抗体，（ＡＡ１、ＡＡ３和ＡＡ５）通过间接免疫过的经物酶技术对绵羊肥大细胞的组织化学特性进行研究，酶组织化学技术及免疫组织化学技术均首次证实了绵羊肥大细胞颗粒中含有类胰蛋白酶，且该酶可作为绵羊肥大细胞的特异性标志，对于绵羊肥大细胞的常规组织化学染色，Ｃａｒｎｏｙ液及中性缓门     

Efficacy of a rational algorithm to assess allergy risk in patients receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine

Among 6146 hospital employees, 118 subjects with severe allergic background were identified through a screening questionnaire and stratified into 3 groups (Low-risk (LR), Intermediate (IR) and High-risk (HR) group), based on their allergic anamnesis.Data reports on hypersensitivity reactions (HypR) have been collected in both allergic and non-allergic subjects. Seventeen patients (14%) in the allergic population had a HypR after the first, the second or both doses. Skin manifestations were the most frequent ones. Allergic events were more frequent in HR (35%) than IR (10%; p = 0.005) or LR (0%; p = 0.074) subjects. No patient had anaphylaxis. All patients completed the vaccination schedule.13 HypR occurred in patients without severe allergic background (13/6028, 0,2%) including one (1/6148, 0.016% of total population) WAO grade-4 anaphylaxis.Our data suggest that BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine is relatively safe also in patients with severe allergic background; however, some precautions are required for high-risk patients.     

Effects of interferon-α2b treatment on ex vivo differentiation of mast cells from circulating progenitor cells in a patient with systemic mastocytosis

 Interferon (IFN)-α, a known inhibitor of myelopoiesis, is increasingly used to treat patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM). However, the mechanisms of IFN-α effects on mast cell (MC) growth remain unknown, and the treatment responses may be variable. In the present study, factor-dependent ex vivo differentiation of MCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) was analyzed in a patient with SM treated with IFN-α2b (3 million U/day). The patient exhibited an extensive MC infiltration in his bone marrow (BM) and increasing serum total tryptase levels (spiking to >1400 ng/ml). PBMNCs were collected before and during IFN-α2b treatment and cultured in the presence or absence of stem cell factor (SCF, 100 ng/ml) for 42 days. In the absence of SCF, no MC growth was detectable. However, in the presence of SCF, MC containing tryptase appeared in the cultures. Treatment with IFN-α2b resulted in a time-dependent decrease in SCF-inducible formation of MCs from PB progenitor cells in vitro. Also, during IFN-α2b treatment, blood histamine concentrations decreased. Serum total tryptase levels initially increased despite IFN-α2b treatment. However, after a latency period of a few months, tryptase concentrations declined and then reached a plateau. In healthy individuals, the SCF-induced in vitro growth of MCs from their progenitor cells was also inhibitable by the addition of IFN-α2b. In summary, our data show that IFN-α2b can exhibit inhibitory effects on factor-dependent growth of MC progenitor cells. However, it still remains open which of the patients with mastocytosis can benefit from long-term IFN-α treatment. Received: 19 January 2000 / Accepted: 17 April 2000     

Quantification of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive mast cells in human chronic periodontitis

ObjectivesMast cells (MCs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic reactions and inflammatory conditions through the release of inflammatory mediators. So far limited attention has been given to the role of MCs in periodontitis. T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain (TIM)-3 is an immunomodulatory molecule and influences MC function. However, whether TIM-3 is expressed on MCs in the process of human periodontal disease has not been reported. Therefore, we identified MCs by toluidine blue staining and examined the expression of TIM-3 on tryptase-positive MCs in different severities of human chronic periodontitis using double-immunofluorescence staining in this study.Material and methodsA total of 83 human periodontal specimens were involved in this study, including healthy control tissues (n = 25), chronic moderate periodontitis (n = 28), and chronic severe periodontitis (n = 30). The gingival specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histopathology, with toluidine blue for MCs, and with double-immunofluorescence for identification of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive MCs in gingival tissues.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, the score of gingival tissue inflammation was significantly increased in the chronic moderate periodontitis (P = 0.013) and chronic severe periodontitis (P < 0.0001), and the densities (cells/mm²) of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive MCs were significantly increased in both the chronic moderate (P = 0.011) and severe periodontitis groups (P < 0.0001). However, compared with the chronic moderate periodontitis group, both the score of gingival tissue inflammation (P = 0.012) and the density of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive MCs (P = 0.011) in gingival tissue were significantly increased in the severe periodontitis groups.ConclusionSignificantly increased number of tryptase-TIM-3 double-positive MCs had the similar tendency as the severity of periodontitis inflammation in human chronic periodontitis. Our data suggest that TIM-3 may have a role on MCs in human chronic periodontitis.     

类胰蛋白酶与代谢综合征

代谢综合征是心血管疾病的多种代谢危险因素在个体内集结的状态,主要包括肥胖、糖尿病或糖调节受损、血脂紊乱以及高血压.近来研究发现,代谢综合征的发病与机体慢性炎性反应状态相关.类胰蛋白酶是肥大细胞中含量最丰富的颗粒蛋白,也是一种重要的炎性介质,它可通过促进炎性反应细胞的聚集、细胞凋亡、新生血管形成、基质蛋白重塑等多种机制参与代谢综合征的发生与发展.     

Markers of anaphylaxis – a systematic review

Anaphylaxis is defined as severe, life-threatening, systemic or general, immediate reaction of hypersensitivity, with repeatable symptoms caused by the dose of stimulus which is well tolerated by healthy persons. The proper diagnosis, immediate treatment and differential diagnosis are crucial for saving patient's life. However, anaphylaxis is relatively frequently misdiagnosed or confused with other clinical entities. Thus, there is a continuous need for identifying detectable markers improving the proper diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Here we presented currently known markers of anaphylaxis and discussed in more detail the most clinically valuable ones: tryptase, platelet activacting factor (PAF), PAF-acethylhydrolase, histamine and its metabolites.     

Death in anaphylaxis in a man with house dust mite allergy

Up to recently the post-mortem diagnosis of anaphylaxis has been based solely on circumstantial evidence. With the development of assays for mast cell tryptase it is now possible to verify cases of suspected anaphylaxis. Here we present one such case, which initially appeared to be due to sudden death of unknown cause. A 47-year-old farmer was found dead in his bathroom around midnight. Hospital records revealed that he had previously been diagnosed with an allergy to house dust mites. He had also had infrequent episodes of airway symptoms, nausea, hypotension and diarrhoea usually after going to bed. The forensic autopsy did not give any clue to the cause of death. Serum tryptase in post-mortem blood was found to be substantially elevated in two samples (170 and >200 g/L). Analysis of allergen-specific IgE showed high values for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and farinae. High mite allergen levels were found in dust obtained from the patient's mattress. The results of the immunological tests support the assumption that he died of anaphylactic shock. The circumstances and the patient's history of previous attacks after going to bed point to the fact that exposure to mite contaminated food and/or exposure to mite allergens in bed might have caused his death.