观看电视暴力对青少年攻击行为的影响

目的 :探讨观看电视暴力对青少年攻击行为的影响。方法 :采用问卷对 2 5 9名初中生进行了观看暴力镜头的频次、对暴力的认同态度、观看暴力镜头的情绪反应、攻击行为倾向等五个方面的调查和分析。结果 :青少年观看暴力镜头频次和兴奋水平程度越高 ,情绪宣泄越少 ,表现出攻击行为倾向越多 ;男生的攻击行为比女生多 ;青少年的攻击行为随年级升高而降低 ;工读学校学生比普通学校学生表现出更多的攻击行为。结论 :过多地观看电视暴力可能导致青少年攻击行为倾向增加 ,且攻击行为与观看电视暴力引起的情绪反应有关。     

我国居民看电视时间的分析

目的了解我国居民看电视的现状,为制定干预措施提供基础资料。方法使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,对我国6岁及以上居民66601人(男性32254人,女性34347人)的看电视情况进行分析。结果92.1%的居民看电视,城市居民(94.3%)看电视的比例高于农村(91.2%),男性(93.0%)高于女性(91.2%),18~59.9岁居民高于其他年龄组居民。居民平均每星期看电视的时间是2.1小时,其中城市(2.3小时)高于农村(2.0小时),18岁及以上居民高于18岁以下居民,男女间差别不大。平均每天看电视时间小于1小时、1~2小时、2~3小时、3小时及以上的居民所占比例依次为13.9%、25.5%、34.6%和26.0%。结论我国6岁以上居民绝大多数看电视,看电视时间2小时及以上的居民所占比例比较高,不同年龄、性别、城乡居民看电视时间存在差异。     

电视胸腔镜治疗肺部肿瘤的临床应用

目的：对电视胸腔镜治疗肺部肿瘤的临床应用进行研究分析。方法：随机选取2012年6月-2014年6月期间我院接受诊治的40例肺部肿瘤患者,根据不同治疗方法划分成研究组和对照组,每组20例。对照组接受开胸手术治疗,研究组接受电视胸腔镜手术辅助治疗,对两组临床疗效进行观察对比。结果：研究组患者手术时间（109．6±20．8）min、手术出血量（150．1±87．6）ml、住院时间（7．7±1．3）d及切1：2疼痛0相比于对照组（147．1±31．3）min、（247．3±126．1）min、（10．9±3．5）d及20．0％明显改善,数据对比差异具备统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：电视胸腔镜应用于治疗肺部肿瘤患者临床疗效显著,可有效缩短手术时间,降低手术出血量,清除干净淋巴结,安全可靠,具有临床推广应用价值。     

Adolescent soft drink consumption, television viewing and habit strength. Investigating clustering effects in the Theory of Planned Behaviour

Clustering refers to the co-occurrence of behaviour and may be particularly relevant in light of the present obesity epidemic. Since evidence regarding clustering of motivational and habitual constructs within the framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is limited, clustering effects of TPB cognitions and habit strength regarding soft drink consumption and television viewing were studied in a sample of Dutch adolescents (n = 312; mean age = 14.62; SD = 1.62) using cross-sectional data. Results showed that not only soft drink consumption and television viewing cluster (r = .42), but also their intentional (r = .36) and habitual (r = .37) constructs. Furthermore, unmediated effects were found between habit strength and its respective behaviour, whereas habit strength was associated with its clustered behaviour through decreased perceptions of controllability. Our findings suggest that interventions that aim to change habitual soft drink consumption and television viewing may need to incorporate an environmental component, as well as explore the potential usefulness of synergistic effects of incorporating multiple clustered behaviours, as well as their corresponding beliefs and habits in health behaviour change interventions.     

Immediate and delayed recall of information presented in a live and a televised lecture

This paper describes a study investigating medical students' responses and levels of recall from a live and televised version of the same lecture. Although no difference in immediate recall was found, a significant difference was found one week later. The groups who had seen the live lecture were able to recall significantly more from the lecture than those who had seen the televised transmission. No differences were observed in the amount and type of note-taking and in the levels of attention and interest of the two groups of students. Some possible reasons for this significant effect on delayed recall are discussed and directions for future work are identified.     

电视纤维喉镜下喉内微创手术（附186例报告）

目的探讨电视纤维喉镜下喉内微创手术对声带息肉、声带小结患者的疗效。方法186例患者在电视纤维喉镜下用纤维喉钳行声带息肉、声带小结摘除术,必要时可反复钳取。结果手术均一次成功,无1例发生并发症。术后随访未见复发,声音恢复良好。结论电视纤维喉镜下喉内微创手术对声带息肉、声带小结的摘除具有临床应用价值。     

Television-supported self-help for problem drinkers: A randomized pragmatic trial

Objectives

To test the effectiveness of a television-supported self-help intervention for problem drinking.

Methods

Dutch television viewers (N = 181) drinking in excess of the guidelines for low-risk alcohol use were randomly assigned either to the Drinking Less TV self-help course (consisting of five televised sessions supplemented by a self-help manual and a self-help website) or to a waitlisted control group. To ensure trial integrity, intervention delivery was mimicked beforehand by sending intervention participants weekly DVDs in advance of the actual telecasts in 2006. Pre-post assessments were carried out on both groups, as well as a 3-month follow-up assessment on the intervention group to study effect maintenance. The primary outcome measure was low-risk drinking.

Results

The intervention group was more successful than the waitlist group in achieving low-risk drinking at post-intervention (OR = 9.4); the effects were maintained in the intervention group at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusions

The low-threshold television-based course Drinking Less appears effective in reducing problem drinking.     

电视内窥镜在神经外科手术中的应用

该文报告了在电视内窥镜下进行了１２例神经外科手术，其中三叉神经微血管减压术７例，脊神经后根分流术７例，听神经瘤全切除并面神经保留２例，胆质瘤切除术１例，获得较好效果。