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1.
通过实验室和口腔科临床观察表明:TD清洗消毒剂(氯化磷酸三钠)对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和枯草杆菌黑色变种的平均杀菌率为100.0%,对口腔科器械消毒无菌率为100%,对被HBsAg阳性血清污染的器械浸泡30分钟转阴率为98.1%。其消毒效果优于新洁尔灭,与戊二醛相同。在口腔科使用两年,未见金属器械有锈斑生成。 相似文献
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Jeremy D. Gale 《Advances in therapy》2009,26(5):519-530
Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (C-IBS) are commonly reported gastrointestinal
(GI) disorders that have a major impact on health and quality of life. Patients experience a range of symptoms of which infrequency
of bowel movement is but one and report that straining, the production of hard stools, and unproductive urges are more bothersome
than stool infrequency. Additionally, in C-IBS, patients report abdominal pain and bloating as particularly troubling. Traditional
treatments, such as laxatives, are often ineffective, especially in more severe constipation over the long term. In a population-based
survey of constipation sufferers, half were not satisfied with their current treatment, due predominantly to poor efficacy.
5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4) agonists stimulate GI motility and intestinal secretion, and tegaserod has demonstrated efficacy in improving bowel habit.
Tegaserod also improves constipationassociated symptoms including bloating, abdominal discomfort, stool consistency, and straining
in patients with both CIC and C-IBS. However, tegaserod has been withdrawn due to an association with serious adverse cardiovascular
effects. Further 5-HT4 receptor agonists, including prucalopride and TD-5108 are in development and show exciting results in clinical studies in
CIC patients, suggesting further product approvals are likely. Headache and diarrhea are the most commonly reported adverse
event with this class of agent. Recently a novel prosecretory agent has been approved for the treatment of both CIC and C-IBS.
Lubiprostone stimulates chloride secretion through activation of type-2 chloride channels, increasing intestinal secretion
and transit, and its use has been associated with improvements in bowel habit and symptoms of constipation. Nausea, diarrhea,
and headache are the most commonly reported adverse events. Linaclotide also stimulates intestinal chloride secretion, but
this molecule achieves this indirectly, through the activation of guanylate cyclase C. Data are emerging, but the efficacy
and safety profile of this agent in the treatment of CIC and C-IBS appears encouraging. 相似文献
4.
Xiaoqiang Xue Yonglei Wang Wenyang Huang Hongjun Yang Jianhai Chen Jianbo Fang Yang Yang Lizhi Kong Bibiao Jiang 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》2015,216(14):1555-1561
New insights are provided into the atom transfer radical polymerizations of styrene with 1,6‐bismaleimidohexane, tri‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (tri‐EGDMA), and divinyl benzene (DVB) as branching agents. Gas chromatography, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and triple detection size exclusion chromatography are used to analyze the polymerizations and the polymers. The polymerizations and molecular weights of polymers differ because of the different levels of intramolecular cyclization and initiator efficiencies (IEs) among the three polymerization systems. High IE increases polymerization rate and restrains gelation, thereby facilitating preparation of branched polymers with high molecular weights. Polymers in the tri‐EGDMA system exhibit the lowest molecular weight and the broadest polydispersity because of some evident primary chain residues, whereas polymers in the DVB system show the highest molecular weight because of the low amount of the primary chain residues and high IE. The absence of branching monomer units in the primary chain residue of all these polymerizations is confirmed.
5.
Jarred G. Gillett Glen A. Lichtwark Roslyn N. Boyd Lee A. Barber 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2018,99(5):900-906.e1
Objective
To investigate the relation between lower limb muscle strength, passive muscle properties, and functional capacity outcomes in adults with cerebral palsy (CP).Design
Cross-sectional study.Setting
Tertiary institution biomechanics laboratory.Participants
Adults with spastic-type CP (N=33; mean age, 25y; range, 15–51y; mean body mass, 70.15±21.35kg) who were either Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I (n=20) or level II (n=13).Interventions
Not applicable.Main Outcome Measures
Six-minute walk test (6MWT) distance (m), lateral step-up (LSU) test performance (total repetitions), timed up-stairs (TUS) performance (s), maximum voluntary isometric strength of plantar flexors (PF) and dorsiflexors (DF) (Nm.kg?1), and passive ankle joint and muscle stiffness.Results
Maximum isometric PF strength independently explained 61% of variance in 6MWT performance, 57% of variance in LSU test performance, and 50% of variance in TUS test performance. GMFCS level was significantly and independently related to all 3 functional capacity outcomes, and age was retained as a significant independent predictor of LSU and TUS test performance. Passive medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicle stiffness and ankle joint stiffness were not significantly related to functional capacity measures in any of the multiple regression models.Conclusions
Low isometric PF strength was the most important independent variable related to distance walked on the 6MWT, fewer repetitions on the LSU test, and slower TUS test performance. These findings suggest lower isometric muscle strength contributes to the decline in functional capacity in adults with CP. 相似文献6.
7.
Jianhong Wang Wenwen Zhai Jiaqi Yu Jie Wang Jundong Dai 《Journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2018,107(9):2451-2456
Salvianolic acids and tanshinones both exhibit efficacy in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but their formulation limits their clinical use. This study aimed to prepare the salvianolic acids and tanshinones dry powder for inhalation (SPI) to achieve pulmonary delivery for the treatment of IPF. The variable quantities of salvianolic acids and tanshinones composite powder were optimized using the central composite design-response surface method. Different carriers with various drug-carrier ratios were optimized to prepare SPI. The final optimized formulation of SPI was as follows: InhaLac 230® was selected as the carrier with drug:carrier = 1:6, and the milled lactose InhaLac 400® was added at 5%. The developed SPI characterized with an angle of repose 52.46 ± 1.04°, Carr's index of 34.00 ± 0.50% and showed high lung deposition in vitro, indicating the potential of pulmonary delivery for the treatment of IPF. 相似文献
8.
9.
J N Bulmer W D Billington P M Johnson 《American journal of obstetrics and gynecology》1984,148(1):19-26
Three murine monoclonal antibodies (H315, H316, and NDOG1) have been used in a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues to identify populations of fetal trophoblast cells by their expression of membrane antigens in chorionic and decidual tissue from the first trimester of normal human pregnancy. H315 and H316 showed comparable staining of placental villous syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast and were also able to distinguish subpopulations of nonvillous trophoblast in the placental bed, including perivascular and endovascular trophoblastic cells as well as cytotrophoblastic elements within the decidua and myometrium. H315 and H316 also showed cytoplasmic staining of columnar epithelium of endometrial glands throughout the first trimester. In contrast, NDOG1 stained chorionic syncytiotrophoblast but not villous cytotrophoblast and also did not react with any cytotrophoblastic elements in the placental bed. NDOG1 distinguished these different subpopulations of trophoblast as early as 13 to 15 days after ovulation. 相似文献
10.
目的 了解儿童抽动障碍的病因、临床特征及发病特点,以便早期诊断、早期治疗.方法 以西安市儿童医院儿保门诊1997年1月至2002年1月已确诊抽动障碍的176例儿童作为研究对象,进行辅助视频脑电图、血清微量元素、注意力测试等相关辅助检查.结果 男性发病多于女性;各年龄组临床特征不同;血微量元素缺乏37例,占21%;抽动障碍伴多动18例,占10.2%;测脑电图者41例,其中正常者占78.1%,轻度异常占21.9%,但无特异性改变.结论 儿童抽动障碍发病与性别、年龄有关;部分儿童补铁治疗有效.抽动伴多动者,优先治疗抽动后多动症状可缓解,采取综合治疗,早期进行干预,预后良好. 相似文献