经T管窦道网篮取石治疗胆道残余结石

目的：采用非手术方法治疗胆道残余结石，方法：应用介入方法经T管窦道网蓝取石，结果：治疗39例。取得了满意的疗效。成功率达92．3％，结论：经T管窦道网蓝取石治疗胆道残余结石，是一种简便，安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Extrahepatic bile duct angulation by T-tube: The elbow sign

The normal shape of the extrahepatic bile ducts approximates a straight line. The cholangiograms of 50 patients with indwelling T-tube catheters were retrospectively reviewed between 4 and 14 weeks postcholecystectomy. We observed a lateral distortion in the shape of the bile ducts in 35 patients (70%) such that an angle measured between the proximal and distal parts of the duct, centered at the site of T-tube insertion, decreased to between 60° and 158°. We have called this observation the elbow sign, which to our knowledge has not been previously described and appears to be of no clinical consequence.     

Nonoperative management of bile leaks following liver transplantation

The biliary anastomosis has been called ‘the Achilles heel’ of liver transplantation (Rabkin JM, Orloff SL, Reed MH . Transplantation 1998: 65 [2]: 193; Davidson BR, Rai R, Kurzawinski TR . Br J Surg 1999: 86 [4]: 447). Biliary complications after liver transplantation reportedly occur at an incidence of 20–30%, 10–15% as bile leaks. The management of bile leaks, especially early bile leaks, is controversial. In the present study, we report our experience with the management of bile leaks after liver transplantation.
In this retrospective study, we reviewed 85 liver transplants over a 3‐yr period. In 79, the biliary anastomosis was choledochocholedochostomy (CDCD) over a small‐caliber T‐tube, while choledochojejunostomy (CDJ) was used in 7. Over a mean follow up period of 13.5 months (median 10 months), 10 patients (12%) experienced a clinically significant bile leak within the first 3 months after liver transplantation.
The early leaks, occurring within 1 month of transplant, were successfully managed by observation (Davidson BR, Rai R, Kurzawinski TR . Br J Surg 1999: 86 [4]: 447) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and the placement of a biliary stent for a duration of 6–12 wk (Randall HB, Wachs ME, Somberg KA . Transplantation 1996: 61 [2]: 258). One of these resulted from accidental dislodgement of the T‐tube on postoperative day 1; one resulted from necrosis at the CDCD anastomosis and required CDJ; the remaining four resulted from leaks along the T‐tube track.
One of the late leaks occurred following the planned removal of the T‐tube at 3 months after liver transplantation; the other two were leaks along the T‐tube track. All were successfully treated by ERCP and stent placement, though in one case, ERCP was initially unsuccessful because of the inability to advance a guidewire, necessitating a fluoroscopically aided guide wire placement during a mini laparotomy. ERCP was then successfully performed with the placement of a stent. Table 1 Conclusions: Our experience indicates that most bile leaks after liver transplantation, including early leaks, can be successfully managed nonoperatively. Most will require intervention, but ERCP and stent placement are usually sufficient.

Detection of Tract Formation for Prevention of Bile Peritonitis after T-Tube Removal. Case Report

Bile leakage after removal of T-tube is a relatively rare complication caused by inadequate tract formation around the tube. We report a case of bile peritonitis after removal of a latex T-tube. The patient underwent reoperation and a new T-tube was introduced. The T-tube was removed six weeks later. Immediately after removal of the tube, the cutaneous ostium of the tube was catheterized with a thin Nelaton catheter. The administration of gastrographin showed the presence of an intact tract. The removal of the t-tube was uneventful. We would propose this method for detecting the tract after removal of the T-tube in order to prevent severe bile leakage after inadequate tract formation.     

腹腔镜胆总管切开纤维胆道镜取石术260例报告

以260例肝内外胆管结石患者在腹腔镜下切开胆总管用纤维胆道镜取石,胆总管内置入T管。腹腔镜手术全部成功,手术时间为70－230分钟,术后发生胆漏6例,十二指肠损伤1例,腹腔残石致引流管口形成脓肿1例,胆道残石10例,经T管窦纤维胆道镜取石后治愈。从T管引流出钛夹2例,术后第二天进流质饮食并下床活动,平均住院5天,带T管出院,认为该手术扩大了腹腔镜胆囊切除术适应证,具有创伤小、恢复快、这短等优点,是治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石龙共是胆总管大结石的有效方法。     

纤维胆道镜经T管窦道治疗胆道残石

目的探讨纤维胆道镜治疗胆道术后胆道残石的价值、方法和技巧。方法回顾分析了纤维胆道镜经T管窦道治疗胆道残石386例,应用网篮套取、冲洗,并配合经皮胆囊镜、冲击波胆道碎石仪等取出结石。结果386例患者中371例取净结石,取净率96.11%,最多取石次数5次,平均1.8次。并发胆道出血4例,发热8例,腹泻10例均经保守治疗后好转。结论利用纤维胆道镜经T管窦道取石安全有效,并发症少,是治疗胆道残石最有效的方法。熟练的胆道镜操作技术有利于提高取石的成功率。     

肝移植术中不留置T型管指征的探讨

目的 探讨肝移植术中不留置T型管,以降低与T管相关胆道并发症的发生率.方法 对2004年1月至2006年10月的肝移植患者进行前瞻性临床研究.在此期间内符合指征未留置T管的患者102例,观察本组患者胆道并发症的发生率.结果 本组患者均随访6个月以上.胆道并发症的发生率是4.9%(5/102),其中3例为肝内胆管多发性狭窄,均行再次肝移植;2例为肝总管非吻合口狭窄,经ERCP行球囊扩张并放置胆道内支撑管3个月后治愈.结论 对符合指征的肝移植患者术中不留置T管是安全的,可避免T管相关并发症,降低胆道总体并发症的发生率.     

急性胆管炎腹腔镜胆总管探查后一期缝合与T管引流的临床研究

目的 探讨急性胆管炎腹腔镜胆总管探查后一期缝合与T管引流两种手术方式的特点,评估其可行性与安全性.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院普外科2012年1月-2014年12月100例急性胆管炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管探查术患者的临床资料,其中54例(54％)患者行一期缝合,46例(46％)患者行T管引流.结果 100例患者均成功行手术治疗,手术时间缝合组显著短于T管组(96.72 minvs123.00 min,P=0.001),术中出血量缝合组与T管组相比显著减少(27.13 mlvs38.48 ml,P=0.009).缝合组术后胃肠功能恢复时间(1.57 dvs2.33 d,P=0.003)与术后住院时间(6.19 dvs9.20d,P=0.000)均显著短于T管组.两组术后腹腔总引流量(309.22mlvs212.46ml,P=0.070),引流时间(3.96 dvs4.02 d,P=0.875),术后胆漏发病率(9.3％ vs0,P=0.060),出血率(5.1％vs2.2％,P=0.622)差异均无统计学意义.结论 急性胆管炎腹腔镜胆总管探查后一期缝合严格掌握适应证后,与T管引流相比,同样安全有效.     

Metallic Clip Migration to T-tube Sinus Tract after Laparoscopic Choledochotomy

Migration and translocation of metallic clips in the abdominal cavity after laparoscopic bile duct surgery have been reported to occur in the common bile duct (CBD), hepatic duct, duodenum, and even the ovarium, which could cause severe complications. Here we present three cases of metallic clip migration to the T-tube sinus tract after laparo-scopic choledochotomy. Metallic clips were discharged from the sinus tract of the T-tube into the drainage bag in two cases. In another case, clips were found to translocate into the sinus tract during choledochoscopic examination for residual stones in CBD.