雌激素对左心室舒张功能影响的多谱勒超声心动图研究

目的:研究雌激素对左心室舒张功能的影响。材料和方法:利用多谱勒超声心动图记录了25例健康绝经后妇女二尖瓣口血流频谱,其中15例为雌激素替代治疗组,10例为对照组。所测参数有:舒张早期峰值速度(E),舒张晚期峰值速度(A),E加速度及减速度,并计算E/A比值及心房舒张晚期充盈分数(AFF)。结果:二组间左心室舒张期充盈明显不同,尤其是替代治疗组E/A比值高,AFF低,替代治疗组舒张早期充盈量大于对照组。结论:本研究表明长期雌激素替代治疗可以影响左心室舒张功能。     

囊性肾癌的CT、超声影像分析(附13例报告)

目的 探讨囊性肾癌的CT、超声特点及诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实的囊性肾癌的CT和超声表现。结果 CT及超声对囊性。肾癌的诊断准确性高，其主要特点为囊壁及分隔的不规则增厚、囊壁结节、钙化，囊液混浊，实性部分增强后强化，实性部分或分隔上出现彩色血流。结论 CT及超声检查对囊性肾癌有较高的诊断价值，但对不典型者可误诊为良性囊肿，应行超声引导下穿刺活检。     

精囊腺炎的超声诊断

本文报道了６２例精囊腺炎经腹与经直肠超声检查，二种方法各有其优缺点，经直肠优于经腹超声，应合理选择，超声检查是检测精囊腺炎的一种可靠方法，值得推广。     

Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Pediatric Trauma

Abstract Background and Purpose: The radiologic evaluation of musculoskeletal injuries in young children is difficult due to the absent ossification of several secondary ossification centers, which therefore cannot be seen directly on plain radiographs. When relying on conventional radiographs, even severe cartilaginous or soft tissue injuries cannot be visualized, as there is no possibility to differentiate them from bruises or sprains. It is the aim of this review to present clinically relevant applications of ultrasound imaging in pediatric musculoskeletal trauma. Methods: Currently used ultrasound techniques for evaluation of typical pediatric fractures or joint dislocations, techniques for differentiation between stable and unstable intraarticular fractures, the use of sonography for monitoring reduced bone length in long bones after fracture, sonographic guidelines for evaluation of tendon injuries or lesions, and sonographic imaging techniques in arthritis and osteomyelitis are described. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal sonography—despite its inability to view through intact cortical bone and its accuracy being dependent on skill and experience of the investigator—provides important information about soft tissue, bony or cartilaginous injuries in children.     

病态嗓音基频和音域的变化

目的：研究４种发音方式下基频（Ｆｏ）和真假声音域的关系。方法：用电子计算机分别测试真声最低音、舒适音、真声最高音、假声最高音的Ｆｏ值。结果：病态嗓音的真声最低音Ｆｏ值升高,假声最高音Ｆｏ值下降;真假声音域缩窄,假声音域变化更明显。结论：病态嗓音的假声最高音基频下降,假声音域变窄。     

Chondrocalcinosis: Sonographic study of the knee

Summary Sonography of the knee was performed in 28 patients with chrondrocalcinosis and in 46 normal subjects. In each joint the authors examined synovial membrane, articular cartilage of femoral condyles, synovial fluid and menisci; they also searched for Baker's cysts. A significant thickening of synovial membrane was present. In 43 joints sonography showed linear hyperechoic images within condylar cartilage; they were parallel to bone surface and were interpreted as calcifications because of the coincidence with radiographic images. A significant thinning of articular cartilage was also found. Sonography of the knee is a useful method of examination for the evaluation of articular changes in chondrocalcinosis.     

Sonographic findings in haemodialysis — related chronic arthropathy

In 33 subjects receiving long-term haemodialysis sonographic examination of shoulders, hips and knees was performed. Changes of both joints and periarticular soft tissues were found in 60 shoulders, 16 hips and 42 knees. In the shoulder besides the presence of tenosynovitis and bursitis, even significant thickening of rotator cuff and increased distance between capsule and bone in transascellar scan were found. Also, in the hip the distance between capsule and bone was significantly increased. In the knee effusion was present in 14 cases and synovial hypertrophy in 20. Articular femoral cartilage was significantly thinned. Results obtained suggest the hypothesis of the presence of an important inflammatory component in the pathogenesis of arthropathy related to haemodialytic treatment. The production of cytokines by mononuclear cells stimulated by -2 microglobulin may cause the inflammatory response. Sonographic findings of alterations in 42 symptomless joints show the importance of this diagnostic method to begin an early therapy.Correspondence to: G. Coari     

Sonography guided lumbar nerve and facet blocks: The first report of clinical outcome from Iran

IntroductionNerve root block (NRB) and facet block (FB) are viable options for pain arising from facet and lumbar disc herniation (LDH) not responding to conservative therapy but still not suitable for surgery. Classically, they are performed under fluoroscopy and computed tomography (CT) guidance, which have the disadvantages of radiation exposure and limited accessibility. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of US guided FB and NRB in patients suffering from facet arthropathy and LDH.Methods14 patients were involved in the study. After defining nerve root (for NRB) or facet joints (for FB) under a standard US investigation, real-time injection of methylprednisolone and bupivacaine was performed. Pain was measured before and after procedure by VAS.ResultsTen patients underwent FBs (8 bilateral and 2 unilateral) and 4 underwent NRBs (2 bilateral and 2 unilateral). 11/14 (79%) patients improved after the block (8 in FB, 3 in NRB) and the VAS had significantly decreased 1 week after procedure (mean [range] −1.7 [−6 to 0]). For the 11 patients that improved after FB or NRB, the effect lasted for a mean of 59 days (range: 30–130 days). Analysis showed that neither block procedure (NRB vs. FB) nor block level (L4L5 vs. L5S1) had an effect on result.ConclusionsResults of our preliminary study shows that in appropriately selected patients, nerve root and facet blocks can be effectively performed under ultrasonography guidance without notable complications, with effects lasting for a mean 2 months.     

Influence of Liver Fibrosis on Hepatic Artery Doppler Resistance Index in Chronic Hepatitis of Viral Origin

Background: Hepatic arterial Doppler sonography is increasingly being used in liver diagnostics. The determinants of the elevation of hepatic artery impedance indexes in chronic liver disease, however, have still not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between histological alterations and liver circulation in chronic hepatitis. Methods: Hepatic artery resistance index and portal flow velocity were measured using Doppler sonography in 47 patients with chronic hepatitis of viral origin diagnosed at histopathology. The patients were divided into two groups, those with mild and those with severe alterations, in accordance with the various histological parameters of the Knodell scoring system. Results: