45例老年冠心病介入治疗临床分析

目的评价老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的临床疗效和安全性。方法本组行PCI（PTCA／PTCA＋支架术）共45例，其中PTCA＋支架术34例，直接支架置入7例，PTCA4例（补救性介入和延迟的PCI治疗各2例）。结果手术成功率为95．6％。45例患者中，术中发生室颤1例，经电复律成功。3例发生频发室早及短阵室速，2例自行消失，1例经静脉推注利多卡因后消失，2例发生股动脉穿刺处血肿，局部治疗后血肿消失。结论70岁以上的高龄冠心病患者的介入治疗成功率高、并发症的发生率也是可以接受的。     

经皮冠状动脉成形术的护理配合

目的：探讨选择性经皮冠状动脉成形术的护理配合。方法：总结33例冠心病患者施行PTCA（经皮冠状动脉成型术）。结果：配合完善的护理，使33例PTCA术成功。结论：护理程序的应用，大大提高了PTCA患者的成功率。     

Parallel angioplasty dilatation catheter and guide wire: A new technique for the dilatation of calcified coronary arteries

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of heavily calcified rigid coronary arteries has decreased success and increased complication rates. Three cases are presented describing a new technique for the dilatation of severely calcified coronary arteries that were not dilatable by conventional angioplasty methods. This technique involves the use of a balloon dilatation catheter system parallel to a guide wire. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Lipid metabolism and occurrence of post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty restenosis: role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and paraoxonase/arylesterase

Summary.  Plasma lipid metabolic and transfer processes have recently been suggested to play an important role in the development of early restenosis, a major complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA); in particular, the common variants of genes for cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and paraoxonase (PONA) have been implicated. We had the opportunity to investigate this question in a large, prospective cohort characterized by quantitative coronary angiography in all subjects. The CETP-Taq IB (intron 1), CETP-Msp I (intron 8), and PONA-Alw I (exon 2) polymorphisms were characterized in a cohort of 779 patients of whom 342 ('cases') had developed restenosis (as defined by > 50% loss of lumen compared with immediate postprocedure results) at repeat angiography at 6 months post PTCA. Selected frequencies for CETP B1 and B2 alleles (absence/presence of Taq IB site) were 0.65 and 0.35 (cases) and 0.65 and 0.35 (controls), respectively; frequencies for CETP M1 and M2 alleles (absence/presence of Msp I site) were 0.20 and 0.80 (cases), 0.21 and 0.79 (controls), respectively; frequencies for PONA A and B alleles (absence/presence of Alw I site) were 0.73 and 0.27 (cases), 0.72 and 0.28 (controls), respectively. All observed genotype frequencies were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. There was no evidence for gene–gene interaction, or an association between genotype and restenosis or degree of lumen loss (adjusted for covariates). Our data, collected in the largest study of its kind so far, indicate that the common variants for CETP and PONA are not associated with incidence of restenosis after PTCA, and are therefore not useful markers for risk assessment.     

PTCA及右心导管扩容治疗急性右室梗死并心源性休克

目的　了解经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)及肺动脉内扩容治疗急性右室梗死 (ARVI)并心源性休克的疗效。方法　用PTCA加Swan -Ganz导管肺动脉内扩容法治疗 6例急性右室梗死合并心源性休克的患者。结果　经治疗后 ,6例患者症状于 15min内好转 ,3 0min后心率达 70～ 80次 /min ,SBP≥ 90～ 10 0mmHg ,尿量≥ 10 0ml/h ;Swan -Ganz治疗后 15min ,3 0min和 1h的PCWP ,CO ,SBP均较扩容前明显升高 (P均 <0 0 0 1) ;5例康复出院 ,1例死于心跳骤停。结论　PTCA及右心导管扩容治疗急性右室梗死并心源性休克的疗效好 ,值得推广     

急性心肌梗死直接PTCA术后1小时ST段变化对近期预后的评估

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死直接PTCA术后1hST段变化对急性期预后的评估意义。方法　观察接受直接PTCA的病人5 0例。比较入院时心电图抬高的ST段和术后1h抬高的ST段。按抬高的ST段下移>5 0 %或<5 0 % ,分为A组(2 9例)和B组(2 1例)。对比其急性期临床资料和心功能情况。结果　B组病人住院期间、易出现急性左心衰、射血分数较低。结论　急性心肌梗死直接PTCA术后1hST段变化,反映心肌再灌注治疗后的微循环情况,是预测早期临床预后和检出高危患者的简便而可靠的方法。     

G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与PTCA支架内再狭窄

目的 探讨G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性与PTCA支架植入后再狭窄之间的相关性。方法 采用多聚酶联反应结合限制性内切酶片断长度多态性分析方法(PCR-RFLP)检测50例经PTCA支架植入术后半年内发生再狭窄的患者和85例经PTCA支架植入在半年内未发生再狭窄的患者之间G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性。结果 再狭窄组G蛋白β3亚单位基因型频率(CC 14％、CT 54％、TT 32％),等位基因频率(C 41％、T 59％)与未狭窄组G蛋白β3亚单位基因型频率(CC31.8％、CT 44.7％、TT 23.5％),等位基因频率(C 54.2％、T 45.8％)比较统计学上有差异。结论 G蛋白β3亚单位基因C825T多态性可能与PTCA支架内再狭窄有关。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术干预治疗急性心肌梗塞对QT离散度的影响

目的：观察47例急性心肌梗塞（AMI）患者行急诊PTCA干预治疗早期再灌注对QT离散度（QTd)的影响。方法：对47例AMI行急诊PTCA干预治疗,在PTCA前,后即刻及24h记录标准12导联心电图测量QATd,并与43例冠状动脉造影正常者进行对照。结果：AMI组行急诊PTCA干预治疗前与对照组间QTd差异有极显著性（P＜0．001）,PTCA干预治疗后24h QTd显著降低（P＜0．05）,结论：成功地急诊PTCA干预治疗再灌注24h后可使QTd显著降低,改变其自然演变过程,但在PTCA干预治疗再灌注早期QTd无显著改变,仍有危险性心律失常的发生,需官切监护治疗。     

冠状动脉腔内成形术中缺血和再灌注对QT离散度的影响

目的 :通过分析经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty,PTCA )中缺血和再灌注时 QT离散度的变化。评价成功的 PTCA术对改善 QT离散度的临床意义。方法 :选择 2 4例冠心病患者 ,其中男 2 0例 ,女性 4例 ,平均年龄 (5 5 .5± 10 .2 )岁 ,采用光盘连续监测记录 PTCA过程中 12导联同步心电图及血压变化。分别于球囊扩张前 ,首次球囊扩张期间 ,球囊扩张后 5 s和反复多次扩张结束后 30、6 0、12 0、180 s,测定 QT间期和 RR间期 ,所有值均用 QTL C=QT 0 .15 4(1- RR)公式进行心率校正 ,QTd=QTmax- QTmin。结果 :QTd在球囊扩张期间比扩张前明显增大 (P <0 .0 5 )。 QTd在反复球囊扩张结束后的不同时间比扩张期间显著减小 (P <0 .0 1) ,同时 QTmax明显减小 ,而 QTmin不变。结论 :PTCA球囊扩张期间 ,由于产生一过性短暂的缺血使QTd增加 ,而再灌注后 ,QTd得到改善可能与缺血预适应产生的心肌保护作用有关。     

Suppression of neointimal thickening by a newly developed HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor,BAYw6228, and its inhibitory effect on vascular smooth muscle cell growth

1. The aim of this study was to determine whether BAYw6228 (BAYw), a newly developed 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, could suppress an atherogenic process such as intimal thickening by a mechanism other than lowering the level of serum cholesterol.
2. First, we evaluated the in vitro effect of BAYw on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) from various species: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, New Zealand (NZ) white rabbits, intimal cells from Watanabe hereditary hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit and SMC from the new-born human aorta. The increasing rate of total protein content of these cells was inhibited by the addition of BAYw in a dose-dependent fashion. In the presence of 2% foetal calf serum (FCS), the value of IC₅₀ was 1.0 μM in SD rats. 2.1 μM in NZ white rabbits, and 0.3 μM in WHHL rabbits. With human SMC, the value was 0.02 μM in the presence of 10% FCS and 0.2 μM with a mixture of growth factors.
3. Based on these above in vitro findings, we next examined the in vivo effect of the agent to determine whether it could suppress rabbit intimal thickening induced by balloon catheterization. A balloon catheter was inserted from a peripheral branch of the left external carotid artery to the aorta to denude the endothelium of the left common carotid artery in Japanese white rabbits. After 12 days they were divided into control and BAYw groups. The former were subcutaneously injected with saline and the latter with BAYw 1 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹. Two days after the beginning of treatment, a second balloon injury was performed to the previously injured left common carotid artery in both groups. After another two weeks, the left common carotid artery was removed and variously stained. Although the total serum cholesterol in the BAYw group was significantly lower than in the control (P<0.05), the difference was not enough to affect intimal thickening. In addition, the BAYw group had a smaller intima/media ratio than the control group, decreasing to 45% of control (P<0.05). By anti-α smooth muscle actin antibody staining, these intimal thickening areas were entirely occupied by SMCs, and their amount was attenuated by BAYw. By anti-rabbit macrophage antibody (RAM 11) staining, the number of positive cells in the intimal thickening was markedly decreased in the BAYw group compared to control (P<0.01).
4. These results indicate that BAYw has an inhibitory effect on intimal thickening by attenuating intimal SMC proliferation and infiltration of macrophages, suggesting that BAYw could be effective in the prevention of the progression of atherosclerotic plaque-like restenosis after angioplasty.