Breast Cancer Following Augmentation Mammaplasty with Polyacrylamide Hydrogel (PAAG) Injection

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) as an implanted material for augmentation mammaplasty has been used for years in China. Many kinds of complications associated with PAAG use have been reported in the clinical literature. This report presents two cases of breast cancer occurring after injection of PAAG in augmented breasts. The delayed diagnosis and more aggressive disease due to PAAG injection should be cause for concern. It is very important to detect breast cancer early when it is covered by the induration of the injected gel and inflammation reaction after PAAG injection. PAAG injection for augmentation mammaplasty may affect the outcome of breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.     

The role of dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) and dopamine D2 receptor/ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) gene polymorphisms in personality traits

Variations in personality traits are caused by interactions between multiple genes of small effect and environmental factors. To date, gender- and ethnicity-specific variations in personality have been established. In the present study, we aimed to test: 1) the effects of four polymorphisms of dopamine system genes: ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A, DRD2 rs6275, SLC6A3 40-bp VNTR and rs27072, on personality traits; 2) whether these effects differ between men and women and between Russians and Tatars. A sample of 652 healthy individuals (222 men and 430 women) of Caucasian origin (233 Russians and 419 Tatars) from Russia was subjected to personality traits assessment with Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) and Temperament and Character Inventory-125 (TCI-125). The associations between each personality trait and polymorphisms were assessed with regression models adjusted for gender and ethnicity. There were significant effects of ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A on Neuroticism (p = 0.016) and of SLC6A3 rs27072 on Persistence (p = 0.021) in both genders. The association between ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A A2/A2-genotype and higher Novelty Seeking and lower Reward Dependence was shown in men only (p for gender interaction = 0.018). In women only, there was a significant association between SLC6A3 10R*G-haplotype and higher Persistence (p = 0.002). Our findings provide evidence for a modifying effect of gender on the associations between dopamine system genes and approach-related traits (in men) and Persistence (in women).     

根治隆乳后难愈性瘘道的新方法研究

目的 探讨根治隆乳后难愈性瘘道的新方法,以期提高愈合有效率.方法 选择2013年1月至2016年2月武汉市诠美医学美容门诊收治的注射隆乳术后胸腹壁内聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶(PAAG)混合物移位,造成胸腹壁广泛瘘道的患者178例,将其分为观察组和对照组,每组89例.观察组在清除瘘道后,进一步采用肌膜组织瓣的新设计治疗乳房内瘘道;对照组采取单纯清洗刮去残腔.观察术后创伤愈合面积比例及有效性.结果 PAAG在胸腹壁间隙广泛分布,形成乳腺下、腋窝、胸腹壁瘘道连通.2周时,观察组患者胸腹壁病变面积缩小80％,与对照组病变面积缩小45％比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).4周时,观察组胸腹壁病变面积缩小95％,而对照组为71％,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 乳房内PAAG混合物移位所形成的胸腹壁连通的慢性瘘道是造成胸腹壁内流动性包块与巨大空腔的主要原因,局部肌膜组织瓣可明显促进胸腹壁瘘道愈合.     

Flux of selected body fluid constituents and benzylpenicillin in polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG)

The polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) Aquamid® (Contura International A/S Soeborg, Denmark) is one of the new macromolecules that are used as implants and tissue fillers in reconstruction and aesthetic surgery. This study showed, by means of radioactive isotope methods, that PAAG can exchange both physiological and non‐physiological constituents very efficiently with the surrounding medium. The efflux (J, mole/(cm² × s), 25 °C, pH 7.2) of water (4.4 × 10^?5), chloride (2.4 × 10^?7), urea (1.0 × 10^?9), and glucose (1.1 × 10^?9) was 3‐40x greater than in human red blood cells. PAAG was also accessible to sucrose, inulin, and benzylpenicillin that could not permeate biological cell membranes. The conclusion of the study is that the hydrogel structure created no significant barrier to the exchange of solvent and solutes with the surrounding medium. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experiences with a New Nonbiodegradable Hydrogel (Aquamid): A Pilot Study

Aquamid represents a new generation of soft-tissue fillers thanks to the lack of particles and a very high concentration of water. Aquamid is the result of a new, patented production method called In line Cross-Linking Technology (ILX Technology). The Aquamid gel contains 2.5% polyacrylamide (PAAG) and 97.5% water. It is homogenous, perfectly stable and nonbiodegradable and has optimum viscosity and elasticity. Aquamid has been authorized for sale in Europe since March 2001 as a new medical device (CE-mark 0543). This pilot study presents our experiences with Aquamid based on 59 subjects treated with 77 doses mainly used for aesthetic correction but even on medical indication. Lip augmentation was the most frequent procedure (72%), dominated by the age groups from 20 to 25 and from 50 to 60 years. Cheekbone enlargement was carried out in 13% of the cases. The rest concerned augmentation of deep naso-labial fold, glabella, and chin with 5% representation of each. The patient satisfaction was almost 100% with the aesthetic results and either short time or long time side effect reported during a follow-up period of 9 months (range: 2 to 16 months). Aquamid is easy to use without any pretest. Considering its long-lasting effect and the need for sterile conditions with use, only qualified and experienced staff, preferably physicians, should administrate the gel. Adequate indication, correct handling, and thoughtful following of the recommendations/cautions are of vital importance. Given that, aquamid seems to be a promising long-lasting soft tissue filler.