Analysis of nutritive sucking function in very low and extremely low birthweight infants in Japan: A pilot study

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differences in nutritive sucking patterns between very low, extremely low birth‐weight infants (LBWI) and full‐term infants (FTI) and to examine the change in those sucking patterns within 5 months after birth. Methods: Sucking patterns of eight LBWI and seven FTI were compared. In addition, sucking patterns were measured in four of the LBWI and seven of the FTI until 5 months of age to determine change in sucking wave patterns over time. Results: During the first month after birth, there was a significant difference in the sucking wave between the LBWI and FTI. The sucking cycle time was significantly shorter and the intensity of the sucking pressure was significantly smaller in the LBWI than that in the FTI. By 5 months, significant correlations were noted between the actual age or the modified age and the sucking pressure in both LBWI and FTI. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the weakness of oral muscular function and less sucking skill can bring about the weakness of intensity of sucking pressure, decreased time of the sucking stage in a sucking cycle, and unstable intensity of sucking pressure and time of the sucking stage in LBWI infants, causing low efficiency of milk intake and smaller amounts of milk swallowing during each sucking period as they obstructs the development of oral muscular function itself. These problems last for a longer period of time in LBWI than in FTI, leading to a deficit in the development of masticatory function in LBWI. The results of the current pilot study will serve as a foundation to investigate the development of masticatory function in LBWI as they grow into early childhood.     

一次性吸痰包临床应用效果观察

目的:解决传统吸痰备物耗时问题,寻找有效、简便、快捷的吸痰备物方法。方法:将60例新生儿随机分观察组30例(使用一次性吸痰包),对照组30例(使用传统吸痰备物)。结果:观察组备物时间1 m in,对照组备物时间3 m in;观察组的血氧饱和度提升比对照组迅速,两者差异有统计学意义(2χ检验,P<0.01)。结论:一次性吸痰包准备简便、快捷,是抢救急性呼吸道阻塞的最好吸引配备,可在临床中推广、应用。     

补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型血清IL-2 IL-8及免疫器官脏器系数的影响

目的:探讨补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型血清IL-2、IL-8及免疫器官脏器系数的影响.方法:雄性Wistar大鼠72只,随机分为6组,即正常对照组、慢支模型组、气管炎咳嗽痰喘丸组、补肾化痰大剂量组、补肾化痰小剂量组及自然恢复组,采用香烟烟雾吸入法建立大鼠慢性支气管炎模型,采用放射免疫法测定各组大鼠血清IL-2、IL-8的含量,并计算胸腺及脾脏的脏器系数.结果:与正常对照组比较,慢支模型组和自然恢复组大鼠血清IL-2水平均显著降低(P<0.001),血清IL-8水平均显著升高(P<0.001),胸腺的脏器系数均明显降低(P<0.05);经用补肾化痰中药治疗后,血清IL-2水平显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),IL-8水平显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05),胸腺的脏器系数明显升高(P<0.05),而脾脏的脏器系数各组之间无明显差异(P>0.05).结论:补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型有免疫调节作用,而单纯戒烟在短期内并不能使已经严重失调的免疫功能得到明显改善.     

补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型血清IL-2IL-8及免疫器官脏器系数的影响

目的：探讨补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型血清IL-2、IL-8及免疫器官脏器系数的影响。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠72只，随机分为6组，即正常对照组、慢支模型组、气管炎咳嗽痰喘丸组、补肾化痰大剂量组、补肾化瘦小剂量组及自然恢复组，采用香烟烟雾吸入法建立大鼠慢性支气管炎模型，采用放射免疫法测定各组大鼠血清IL-2、IL-8的含量。并计算胸腺及脾脏的脏器系数。结果：与正常对照组比较．慢支模型组和自然恢复组大鼠血清IL-2水平均显著降低（P〈0．001）。血清IL-8水平均显著升高（P〈0．001），胸腺的脏器系数均明显降低（P〈0．05）；经用补肾化痰中药治疗后，血清IL-2水平显著升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），IL-8水平显著下降（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），胸腺的脏器系数明显升高（P〈0．05），而脾脏的脏器系数各组之间无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：补肾化痰中药对烟熏大鼠慢支模型有免疫调节作用，而单纯戒烟在短期内并不能使已经严重失调的免疫功能得到明显改善。     

中国云南吸虱昆虫种类初步调查

目的　初步了解云南省吸虱昆虫的基本种类及分布状况。　方法　在对云南省 9个县 (市 )进行抽样调查的基础上 ,归纳、总结了从小型哺乳动物 (小兽 )体表所采集到的吸虱昆虫种类。小兽用鼠笼加食饵诱捕 ,从小兽宿主体表所采集的吸虱经过常规逐级脱水、透明、干燥处理、制成玻片标本后于显微镜下鉴定。　结果　在 9个县 (市 )共捕获到 2 745只小兽 ,经分类鉴定隶属 5目 (啮齿目、食虫目、攀目、兔形目和食肉目 )、10科、2 5属、41种。从各种小兽宿主体表共采集到吸虱昆虫 18165只 ,经分类鉴定隶属 4科、6属、2 2种 ,其种类明显少于宿主种类。大多数小兽宿主体表都有固定的吸虱种类寄生 (但种类数很少 ,1～ 4种 )。　结论　小兽体表吸虱昆虫种类较少 ,多数小兽体表都有固定的吸虱种类寄生。     

早期微量喂养联合非营养性吸吮治疗窒息后新生儿喂养不耐受效果分析

目的探讨早期微量喂养联合非营养性吸吮治疗窒息后新生儿喂养不耐受的临床疗效。方法将黄梅县人民医院儿科于2013年2~8月收治的90例窒息后新生儿喂养不耐受患儿按随机数字表法分为非营养性吸吮治疗组和联合治疗组,各45例。非营养性吸吮治疗组给予非营养性吸吮治疗,联合治疗组应用早期微量喂养联合非营养性吸吮治疗,比较两组患者恢复出生体质量时间及全量肠内营养时间,同时比较两组患者治疗前及治疗7 d后血清总胆红素及白蛋白改善水平,并观察两组患者治疗过程中的相关并发症发生率。结果联合治疗组恢复出生体质量时间及全量肠内营养时间显著短于非营养性吸吮治疗组[(9.7±1.5)d比(12.1±1.7)d、(9.9±0.9)d比(11.6±1.0)d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);联合治疗组治疗后7 d血清总胆红素显著低于非营养性吸吮治疗组[(98±6)μmol/L比(121±5)μmol/L,P<0.01],白蛋白水平显著高于非营养性吸吮治疗组[(41.2±0.7)μmol/L比(38.6±1.1)μmol/L,P<0.05];两组喂养相关并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论早期微量喂养联合非营养性吸吮治疗可显著提高窒息后新生儿喂养不耐受患儿的治疗效果。     

Breastfeeding: An overview of oral and general health benefits

Background

1. Download : Download full-size image

Breastfeeding is the reference against which alternative infant feeding models must be measured with regard to growth, development and other health outcomes. Although not a systematic review, this report provides an update for dental professionals, including an overview of general and oral health–related benefits associated with breastfeeding.Types of Studies ReviewedThe authors examined the literature regarding general health protections that breastfeeding confers to infants and mothers and explored associations between breastfeeding, occlusion in the primary dentition and early childhood caries. To accomplish these goals, they reviewed systematic reviews when available and supplemented them with comparative studies and with statements and reports from major nongovernmental and governmental organizations.ResultsWhen compared with health outcomes among formula-fed children, the health advantages associated with breastfeeding include a lower risk of acute otitis media, gastroenteritis and diarrhea, severe lower respiratory infections, asthma, sudden infant death syndrome, obesity and other childhood diseases and conditions. Evidence also suggests that breastfed children may develop a more favorable occlusion in the primary dentition. The results of a systematic review in which researchers examined the relationship between breastfeeding and early childhood caries were inconclusive.Conclusions and Clinical ImplicationsThe American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, Chicago, suggests that parents gently clean infants' gums and teeth after breastfeeding. The American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, Ill., recommends that breastfeeding should be exclusive for about the first six months of life and should continue, with the introduction of appropriate complementary foods, to at least age 12 months or beyond, as desired by mother and child. Dentists and staff members can take steps to ensure they are familiar with the evidence and guidelines pertaining to breastfeeding and to oral health. They are encouraged to follow the surgeon general's recommendations to promote and support optimal breastfeeding and oral health practices among their patients.     

非营养性吸吮联合蔗糖液应用于极低出生体重儿PICC置管中的疼痛的干预效果

【摘要】 目的 比较非营养性吸吮(NNS)联合蔗糖液在极低出生体重儿经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)疼痛干预效果。方法 选取2020年6月~2021年12月南京某三级甲等医院新生儿重症监护室极低出生体重儿作为研究对象,采用随机数字表随机分为：对照组、NNS组、蔗糖液组和NNS联合蔗糖液组。比较4组PICC置管各时段中的疼痛评分、生理及行为指标。结果 重复测量方差分析显示4组患儿PICC置管不同时期PIPP评分、心率、血氧饱和度、疼痛面容和啼哭变化均存在时间与组别交互作用（P＜0.001）;不同干预组别下PICC置管不同时期PIPP评分、心率、疼痛面容和啼哭变化趋势差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,血氧饱和度变化趋势差异无统计学意义（P=0.429）;不同组别随着时间变化,PIPP评分、心率、血氧饱和度、疼痛面容和啼哭变化差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。其中,NNS联合蔗糖组在消毒期和穿刺期的疼痛评分以及总置管时间明显少于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。NNS联合蔗糖组在减少PICC置管过程期疼痛面容和啼哭时间以及在稳定穿刺期生理指标方面优于对照组和蔗糖液组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 单独或联合使用NNS和蔗糖液在降低极低出生体重儿PICC置管疼痛评分和稳定生理、行为指标方面比常规护理更有效,NNS联合蔗糖液是其中较好的非药物镇痛方法,推荐在极低出生体重儿PICC置管中使用。     

间歇持续喂养联合非营养性吸吮在极低出生体重早产儿中的应用

目的研究间歇鼻饲注入喂养联合非营养性吸吮在提高极低出生体重早产儿生存质量方面的应用价值,并探讨极低体重出生早产儿合适的喂养方式。方法以2012年1月²014年1月间住院治疗的极低体重出生早产儿为研究对象,按照随机分组的原则将其随机分入观察组和对照组接受研究。对照组采用间歇鼻饲注入喂养,观察组在对照组的基础上采用非营养性吸吮。比较两组早产儿在喂养情况及喂养并发症方面的差异,以明确间歇鼻饲注入喂养联合非营养性吸吮的效果。结果经t检验,除血糖值两组差异不具有统计学意义(p>0.05)外,观察组早产儿住院时间、恢复出生体重时间、黄疸持续时间、完全肠内营养时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(p<0.05);观察组早产儿发生低血糖、腹胀、胃出血、喂养不耐受、吸入性肺炎的例数及所占比例均低于对照组,经2检验,组间差异均有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论间歇鼻饲注入喂养联合非营养性吸吮改善了极低体重出生早产儿的营养状态,促进其生长发育,并降低发生喂养并发症的风险。