浅谈刺血疗法名称的标准化

关于刺血疗法的名称,古今学者说法不一,至今尚未形成统一的标准,本文通过检索古代文献和现代文献,进行分析归纳总结,提出规范的名称,为尽快制定标准化名称提出建议。     

Construction and validation of a list of common Middle Eastern surnames for epidemiological research

Purpose: Middle Eastern (ME) population is rapidly growing in the US but cannot be easily identified in cancer registry or other databases for epidemiological research. The purpose of this study was to develop a list of common Middle Eastern surnames and validate it by linking with a cancer registry incidence files. Methods: Surnames and place of birth in the Middle East were obtained from various sources. After exclusion of the non-specific entries, the final combined list included 49,610 surnames and was matched with the California Cancer Registry incidence file for 1988–2003. Results: Overall, 1.4% of all registered cases were positively identified as ME that is similar to the proportion of ME population in California. Two third of the identified cases had known place of birth in the Middle East and of those, 70% were non-Arabs. The sensitivity of the list in detecting ME birth in men and women are 91% and 86%, respectively. The positive predictive values for men and women are 72% and 65%. The specificity and negative predictive values are universally over 99%. Conclusion: The high accuracy reported for this Middle Eastern surname list (MESL) makes it a valuable tool for epidemiological studies of this ethnic population.     

医院伦理委员会名与实的几点思考

从医院伦理委员会存在的价值出发,指出目前医院伦理委员会名不副实的几大因素主要为制度缺陷、机构设置不科学、人员组成不合理,当然文化差异以及人文科学相对落后于自然科学的大背景等环境影响,也是其中的原因之一。因此,要通过大力健全制度,完善机制,在保证伦理审查的正义性、客观性和公正性的基础上不断提升伦理审查实践运用能力,使得医院伦理委员会名副其实。     

胸痹概念的演变

胸痹病名源于《内经》,所论与肺有关;后世中医著作所论胸痹概念不一,范围较广;中医内科教材及国家、行业标准等则将胸痹定位于心脏病,缩小了胸痹范围。     

Assessing awareness and attitudes of healthcare professionals on the use of biosimilar medicines: A survey of physicians and pharmacists in Ireland

Increasing numbers of biosimilar medicines are becoming available. The objective of this survey was to assess awareness of and attitudes to biosimilars amongst physicians (medical specialists and General Practitioners (GPs)) and community pharmacists in Ireland. Physicians were invited to complete an online questionnaire during April and May 2016. Community pharmacists received a postal questionnaire in August 2015. Responses from 102 medical specialists, 253 GPs and 125 community pharmacists were analysed. The majority of medical specialists (85%) and pharmacists (77%) claimed to be either very familiar or familiar with the term biosimilar, whereas many GPs (60%) were unable to define or had never heard of the term. One in five (21%) healthcare professionals responded that biosimilars were the same as generic medicines. The majority of medical specialists opposed pharmacist-led substitution of biological medicines but some thought it could be appropriate if agreed with the clinician in advance. Medical specialists who prescribe biosimilars (n = 43) were more likely to do so on treatment initiation (67%), than switch a patient from an originator medicine to a biosimilar (28%). The findings will aid the design of educational initiatives for healthcare professionals and highlight attitudes of healthcare professionals to biosimilars, so informing regulators, policy makers and industry.     

穴位侧性研究是穴位特异性研究的重要补充

穴位侧性是指刺激不同侧同名穴位引起的效应不对等和中间环节的不同。穴位侧性研究是穴位特异性研究的重要补充,可为临床正确选穴、精炼选穴提供依据。同时,由穴位侧性研究导出的穴位关联性(对称或对称性破缺)可对穴位诊断和临床针灸治疗范式的改变提供借鉴。     

胸痹心痛病名与病机

＂胸痹＂最早出现在《灵枢·本脏》,阐述较模糊;汉·张仲景从脉象症状等方面说明,晋·葛洪、隋·巢元方《、圣济总录·胸痹门》、明代秦景明《症因脉治》等将胸痹之名来源归结为胸痹脉象、症候特点、发病原因等。心痛始见于马王堆汉墓帛书《足臂十一脉灸经》《,素问》有＂心病先心痛＂、＂心痹者,脉不通,烦则心下鼓,暴上气而喘＂,《灵枢·厥病》把厥心痛分为肝心痛、胃心痛、脾心痛、肺心痛、肾心痛,云：＂痛如以锥针刺其心＂;隋·巢元方对心痛病名论述详实,因、证、象等具备;唐·孙思邈、《太平圣惠方》、从治法方药方面给后世医家很大启发;明清时期有更详尽修正,最具代表性是《临证指南医案·心痛》把心痛与胃脘痛、真心痛等从发病部位确切区分。日本人丹波元坚所著《杂病广要》对＂胸痹心痛＂最早进行了详尽论述,对现今影响颇丰;汉·张仲景将胸痹与心痛合一而述。从脉象、病因、症候等方面看＂,胸痹心痛＂之名更优于胸痹、心痛分而论之。病机乃心脉痹阻、阳微阴弦。     

精神分裂症中文诊断名再议

本文旨在探讨和推动Schizophrenia中文诊断名的更名工作。Schizophrenia目前的中文诊断名为“精神分裂症”，然而这一诊断名并未准确反映疾病情况且存在污名化问题。近年来，一些国家和地区纷纷推动Schizophrenia诊断名的变更，将诊断名更改为“统合失调症”“调弦病”“思觉失调症”等。中国大陆医学界应推动Schizophrenia新中文诊断名的命名工作，建议将Schizophrenia的诊断名从“精神分裂症”更改为“思觉失调症”。     

基于多源数据融合的军事医学机构名称规范研究

分析多源数据融合背景下现有军事医学机构名称规范研究存在的问题,针对军事医学机构名称获取困难、构词特殊等特点,提出了一种实现军事医学机构名称规范的阶段性、特征性和语义化相结合的多源数据融合方法,为重点建立神经网络模型来融合不同来源数据打下初步基础。