舍曲林预防老年脑卒中后抑郁的临床观察

目的 观察舍曲林预防老年脑卒中后抑郁症状及神经功能缺损的临床疗效。方法 选取保定市第一中心医院2013年1月—2014年1月符合纳入标准的脑卒中患者90例,随机分成对照组(30例)、干预一组(30例)、干预二组(30例)。对照组给予基础治疗。干预一组在此基础上晨起口服盐酸舍曲林分散片,起始剂量50 mg/d,3 d后增至100 mg/d。干预二组在基础治疗上晨起口服盐酸舍曲林分散片,起始剂量50 mg/d,3 d后增至100 mg/d,1周内增加至150 mg/d。3组均持续用药2个月。在治疗前,治疗1、2个月分别测定汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及神经功能缺损(NFI)评分,并计算患者的依从性。结果 治疗1、2个月后,2组干预组抑郁症发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗1、2个月后,3组患者的HAMD及NFI评分均较治疗前明显下降,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗后,两组干预组HAMD及NFI评分均较对照组下降更明显(P<0.05)。治疗第1、2、4周两组干预组患者依从率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 100 mg舍曲林能有效地降低脑卒中患者抑郁症的发生率,促进卒中后患者神经功能的恢复,并能提高患者的依从性,值得临床推广。     

An examination of sex and racial/ethnic differences in the metabolic syndrome among adults: A confirmatory factor analysis and a resulting continuous severity score

Objective

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is typically diagnosed based on abnormalities in specific clustered clinical measures that are associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, current MetS criteria result in racial/ethnic discrepancies. Our goals were to use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to delineate differential contributions to MetS by sub-group, and if contributions were discovered, develop sex and racial/ethnic-specific equations to calculate MetS severity.

Research Design and Methods

Using data on adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010, we performed a CFA of a single MetS factor that allowed differential loadings across groups, resulting in a sex and race/ethnicity-specific continuous MetS severity score.

Results

Loadings to the single MetS factor differed by sub-group for each MetS component (p < 0.001), with lower factor loadings among non-Hispanic-blacks for triglycerides and among Hispanics for waist circumference. Systolic blood pressure exhibited low factor loadings among all groups. MetS severity scores were correlated with biomarkers of future disease (high-sensitivity C-reactive-protein, uric acid, insulin resistance). Non-Hispanic-black-males with diabetics had a low prevalence of MetS but high MetS severity scores that were not significantly different from other racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusions

This analysis among adults uniquely demonstrated differences between sexes and racial/ethnic groups regarding contributions of traditional MetS components to an assumed single factor. The resulting equations provide a clinically-accessible and interpretable continuous measure of MetS for potential use in identifying adults at higher risk for MetS-related diseases and following changes within individuals over time. These equations hold potential to be a powerful new outcome for use in MetS-focused research and interventions.     

Two NF1 mutations: Frameshift in the GAP-related domain,and loss of two codons toward the 3′ end of the gene

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common autosomal dominant disorders, and is due to mutations within the NF1 gene on chromosome 17qll.2. Only the middle 400 amino acids of the associated protein (neurofibromin) have a known function, comprising a GTPase-activating-protein (GAP) domain. The large gene size and the fact that approximately half of cases are due to new mutation render mutation analysis difficult. NF1 direct mutation characterization is important for development of DNA diagnostic procedures, analysis of phenotype/genotype correlations, and delineation of functions for specific domains of neurofibromin. We report two mutations detected using PCR amplification of individual exons followed by heteroduplex analysis. One is a single base deletion in exon 24 which is predicted to result in a protein truncated early in the GAP-related domain. The other is a 6-bp deletion in exon 39 which is predicted to result in loss of two amino acids in the mature protein near the carboxy-terminus. The exon 24 mutant allele was shown to be expressed by RNA PCR analysis. The exon 39 mutation suggests that those two amino acids are important in neurofibromin function, perhaps indicating a functional domain. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Validity of the revised Impact on Family (IOF) scale

OBJECTIVE: To assess psychometric properties of the revised 15-item Impact on Family (IOF) Scale. STUDY DESIGN: A secondary analysis of items using data collected from 252 parents during an earlier randomized clinical trial. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis identified a single factor with factor loadings similar to that of IOF developers. The one factor accounts for 45.7% of the sample variance. An Item Response Theory analysis found that 11 of the 15 items had alpha values greater than 1.00, with good to excellent item characteristic and item information curves. The test information and measurement error curves for the entire IOF were excellent. Construct validity of the IOF also was supported. Parent IOF scores correlated in the expected directions with maternal mood (r = -0.50), sibling behavior problems (r = -0.35), and severity of illness (r = 0.31) and were associated with family socioeconomic status (t = -4.5, all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides independent support for validity and reliability of the revised IOF scale. This scale is a promising, easy-to-use instrument for the measurement of impact of illness and disability on families of children with chronic illness or disability.     

Arsenite-induced mitotic death involves stress response and is independent of tubulin polymerization

Arsenite, a known mitotic disruptor, causes cell cycle arrest and cell death at anaphase. The mechanism causing mitotic arrest is highly disputed. We compared arsenite to the spindle poisons nocodazole and paclitaxel. Immunofluorescence analysis of alpha-tubulin in interphase cells demonstrated that, while nocodazole and paclitaxel disrupt microtubule polymerization through destabilization and hyperpolymerization, respectively, microtubules in arsenite-treated cells remain comparable to untreated cells even at supra-therapeutic concentrations. Immunofluorescence analysis of alpha-tubulin in mitotic cells showed spindle formation in arsenite- and paclitaxel-treated cells but not in nocodazole-treated cells. Spindle formation in arsenite-treated cells appeared irregular and multi-polar. gamma-tubulin staining showed that cells treated with nocodazole and therapeutic concentrations of paclitaxel contained two centrosomes. In contrast, most arsenite-treated mitotic cells contained more than two centrosomes, similar to centrosome abnormalities induced by heat shock. Of the three drugs tested, only arsenite treatment increased expression of the inducible isoform of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70i). HSP70 and HSP90 proteins are intimately involved in centrosome regulation and mitotic spindle formation. HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG sensitized cells to arsenite treatment and increased arsenite-induced centrosome abnormalities. Combined treatment of 17-DMAG and arsenite resulted in a supra-additive effect on viability, mitotic arrest, and centrosome abnormalities. Thus, arsenite-induced abnormal centrosome amplification and subsequent mitotic arrest is independent of effects on tubulin polymerization and may be due to specific stresses that are protected against by HSP90 and HSP70.     

草酸艾司西酞普兰预防卒中后抑郁的临床观察

目的观察草酸艾司西酞普兰预防卒中后抑郁症状及神经功能缺损的临床疗效。方法收集保定市第一医院2013年1月—2013年11月符合纳入标准的脑卒中患者98例,随机分为对照组(49例)和治疗组(49例),对照组给予基础治疗。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上,于入院第2天给予草酸艾司西酞普兰片,起始剂量5 mg/d(由护士统一完成半片剂量),早晨口服,1周后渐增至10 mg/d,维持此剂量至2个月,两组基础治疗均为14 d。在治疗前,治疗后1、2个月分别测定抑郁程度HAMD及神经功能缺损NFI评分,并计算两组患者的依从性。结果治疗后,2组患者的HAMD及NFI评分均较治疗前明显下降;治疗1个月和2个月后,治疗组HAMD及NFI评分均较对照组下降更明显(P<0.05)。治疗1个月后,对照组和治疗组抑郁症发生率分别为38.78%、12.24%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后第1、2、4周治疗组患者依从率为95.9%、100%、100%,对照组为85.7%、79.6%、79.6%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论草酸艾司西酞普兰能有效地降低脑卒中患者抑郁症的发生率,促进卒中后患者神经功能的恢复,并能提高患者的依从性,值得临床推广。     

舍曲林预防老年脑卒中后抑郁的临床观察

目的观察舍曲林预防老年脑卒中后抑郁症状及神经功能缺损的临床疗效。方法选取保定市第一中心医院2013年1月—2014年1月符合纳入标准的脑卒中患者90例,随机分成对照组（30例）、干预一组（30例）、干预二组（30例）。对照组给予基础治疗。干预一组在此基础上晨起口服盐酸舍曲林分散片,起始剂量50 mg/d,3 d后增至100 mg/d。干预二组在基础治疗上晨起口服盐酸舍曲林分散片,起始剂量50 mg/d,3 d后增至100 mg/d,1周内增加至150 mg/d。3组均持续用药2个月。在治疗前,治疗1、2个月分别测定汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及神经功能缺损（NFI）评分,并计算患者的依从性。结果治疗1、2个月后,2组干预组抑郁症发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗1、2个月后,3组患者的HAMD及NFI评分均较治疗前明显下降,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;且治疗后,两组干预组HAMD及NFI评分均较对照组下降更明显（P〈0.05）。治疗第1、2、4周两组干预组患者依从率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 100 mg舍曲林能有效地降低脑卒中患者抑郁症的发生率,促进卒中后患者神经功能的恢复,并能提高患者的依从性,值得临床推广。