高半胱氨酸促THP-1巨噬细胞表达单核细胞趋化蛋白-1和辛伐他汀的调节作用

目的 :研究高半胱氨酸 (Hcy)对人单核细胞系 (THP 1)分化而来的巨噬细胞 (THP 1巨噬细胞 )表达单核细胞趋化蛋白 1(MCP 1)的影响及辛伐他汀可能存在的调节作用。方法 :在培养的THP 1中加入佛波脂(PMA) ,使终浓度为 2 0ng/ml,培养 4 8h ,细胞贴壁呈巨噬细胞样分化。他汀组和Hcy组分别加入含有辛伐他汀(10 μmol/L ,5 0 μmol/L)或不含辛伐他汀完全培养基 37℃培养 2 4h ,再加入含DL Hcy(0 1mmol/L)完全培养基 ,对照组只加完全培养基 ,培养 2～ 2 4h ,上清离心 5 0 0g ,10min ,- 2 0℃保存。用ELISA法检测上清中MCP 1蛋白的量。每孔重复 3次。结果 :与对照组比较 ,加入 0 1mmol/LHcy可使THP 1巨噬MCP 1蛋白表达升高 ,4h后显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,6h达高峰 (P <0 0 1) ,12h后逐渐下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,分别为对照组的 2 9倍、5 8倍和 2 6倍 ,2 4h与对照组无显著差异。 10 μmol/L、5 0 μmol/L辛伐他汀分别使与Hcy共孵育 6h(高峰时间 )MCP 1蛋白量下降至Hcy组的 5 7 11%、2 3 6 4 %。结论 :病理浓度的Hcy(0 1mmol/L)可时间依赖性促进THP 1巨噬细胞表达MCP 1蛋白 ,该作用可被辛伐他汀下调。     

Tumor‐induced myeloid‐derived suppressor cell subsets exert either inhibitory or stimulatory effects on distinct CD8+ T‐cell activation events

Tumor growth coincides with an accumulation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which exert immune suppression and which consist of two main subpopulations, known as monocytic (MO) CD11b⁺CD115⁺Ly6G^?Ly6C^high MDSCs and granulocytic CD11b⁺CD115^?Ly6G⁺Ly6C^int polymorphonuclear (PMN)‐MDSCs. However, whether these distinct MDSC subsets hamper all aspects of early CD8⁺ T‐cell activation — including cytokine production, surface marker expression, survival, and cytotoxicity — is currently unclear. Here, employing an in vitro coculture system, we demonstrate that splenic MDSC subsets suppress antigen‐driven CD8⁺ T‐cell proliferation, but differ in their dependency on IFN‐γ, STAT‐1, IRF‐1, and NO to do so. Moreover, MO‐MDSC and PMN‐MDSCs diminish IL‐2 levels, but only MO‐MDSCs affect IL‐2Rα (CD25) expression and STAT‐5 signaling. Unexpectedly, however, both MDSC populations stimulate IFN‐γ production by CD8⁺ T cells on a per cell basis, illustrating that some T‐cell activation characteristics are actually stimulated by MDSCs. Conversely, MO‐MDSCs counteract the activation‐induced change in CD44, CD62L, CD162, and granzyme B expression, while promoting CD69 and Fas upregulation. Together, these effects result in an altered CD8⁺ T‐cell adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix and selectins, sensitivity to FasL‐mediated apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. Hence, MDSCs intricately influence different CD8⁺ T‐cell activation events in vitro, whereby some parameters are suppressed while others are stimulated.     

Tumor necrosis factor induces enhanced responses to platelet-activating factor and differentiation in human monocytic Mono Mac 6 cells

Human Mono Mac 6 cells exhibit characterstics of mature blood monocytes. Treatment of these cells with human recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)resulted in an increase in phagocytosis and phorbol myristate acetate stimulated superoxide anion production at 12 h and growth retardation occurring at 24 h. Moreover, TNF induced a moderate increase of CD14 surface antigen expression, used as a phenotypic marker of monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) stimulated a rapid rise in cytosolic free Ca⁺⁺ ([Ca⁺⁺]j) of 308 & 93 nM inTNF-treated cells compared to untreated cells (33 ± 8 nM, n = 4). The effect of TNF was dose and time dependent, evident after 12 h and maximal at 48 h. The enhanced PAF-induced [Ca⁺⁺]_i rise was inhibited by the PAF receptor antagonist L-659,989 and EGTA, indicating receptor-dependent Ca⁺⁺ influx. Furthermore, L-659,989 and PAF inhibited specific ³H-labeled PAF binding inTNF-treated, but not in untreated cells. Consistently, PAF stimulated arachidonic acid release only in TNF-treated cells. Preincubation of cells with anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies abolished TNF-induced effects, but failed to block lipopolysaccharide (LPS) effects. Distinct mechanisms of action by LPS were reflected by the different ability to induce surface antigen expression. In conclusion, the enhancement of PAF responses by TNF, associated with functional characteristics of differentiation in Mono Mac 6 cells, may represent a specific mechanism of cooperative interaction between PAF and TNF in inflammation, sepsis, immunoregulation and atherogenesis.     

Induced autophagy reduces virus output in dengue infected monocytic cells

While several studies have shown a role for autophagy in the replication of dengue virus (DENV), these studies have been performed in directly infected cells. However, in severe cases of DENV infection the critical cell in the disease is believed to be monocytes which are poorly infected directly, but are highly susceptible to antibody enhanced infection. This study sought to determine the involvement of autophagy in the DENV infection of monocytic cells, using U937 cells as a model system. While the induction of autophagy was seen in response to DENV-2 infection, biochemical induction of autophagy resulted in a significant decrease in virus output. Down regulation of autophagy resulted in only a very slight increase in intracellular virus levels. In monocytic cells autophagy is not a significant part of the DENV replication mechanism, and there are distinct cell type specific differences in the DENV-autophagy interaction.     

Blastic transformation of a well-differentiated monocytic leukemia: Changes in cytochemical and cell surface markers

The clinical course of a patient with a well-differentiated monocytic leukemia which later underwent blastic transformation is described. Cytochemical, ultrastructural and cell surface analysis data were obtained at periods throughout her illness and correlated with the blastic transformation. Although surface markers characteristic of monocytic leukemia persisted, a deficiency of peroxidase in the granules of this patient's monocytes was observed as well as loss of α-naphthyl butyrate esterase staining during transformation.     

Proliferation of Tγ-lymphocytes in two patients: Clinical features and functional properties of the proliferating cells

Summary Two patients suffering from proliferation of T cells exhibited uncommon clinical features, such as activation of intravascular coagulation after low dose irradiation of the enlarged spleen in one patient and isolated neutropenia in the other patient. While the malignant nature of the disease was doubtless in one patient, cell proliferation in the other patient was more likely reactive. In addition to T cell determinants the proliferating cells expressed a monocytic antigen. They did not suppress B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells. In contrast the proliferating cells, especially in one patient, acted as potent effectors in NK and ADCC using melanoma and MOLT 4 target cells. Erythrophagocytosis by T cells was seen in one patient. The data suggest that subsets of T cells are related to the monocytic lineage and that these cells can mediate both NKA and ADCC and partly can develop phagocytic activity.     

Insertion (10;11)(p11;q23q24) in two cases of acute monocytic leukemia

An insertion (10;11)(p11;q23q24) was found in bone marrow metaphase cells from two children with acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL-M5b). This rearrangement involves a small chromosomal segment of 11q and may be misinterpreted as a deletion of 11q. Insertion (10;11) may represent a new recurring abnormality involving 11q associated with acute leukemia of the M5b type.     

不同PPAR配体对LPS诱导的人单核细胞组织因子表达的影响

目的:探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferater-activated receptors,PPAR)α的配体——非诺贝特、WY14643,PPARγ配体——匹格列酮对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人单核细胞株-THP-1细胞表达组织因子(TF)的影响。方法:采用RT-PCR法检测单核细胞THP-1的TF mRNA表达水平,用免疫细胞化学法检测细胞TF蛋白表达量。结果:PPAR配体处理组中THP-1细胞TF mRNA水平以及蛋白表达量均较单纯LPS刺激组明显降低。结论:3种PPAR配体均可抑制单核细胞TF mRNA以及蛋白表达,可能经此机制减轻动脉粥样硬化病变的发生。     

Ultrastructural observations on cytotoxic effector cells infiltrating pancreatic islets of low-dose streptozocin treated mice

Summary The aim of this study was to observe the ultrastructural events, during the onset of diabetes mellitus in the low-dose streptozocin (LDS)-treated mouse model with emphasis on the infiltrating elements. Forty male C57 BL/6J mice were given 40 mg/streptozocin on 5 consecutive days and killed 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 18 days after the first injection. Results demonstrated that islet infiltration occurring in LDS-treated mice is characterized by a very early pre-infiltration state in which mononuclear phagocytes in islet capillary vessels were considerably increased in number. A new histopathological time sequence for the early insulitis is described, in which attraction of blood mononuclear phagocytes into the islet capillary lumen is the first step. During the successive stage, occurring on days 6–8 we observed that mononuclear phagocytes migrate through capillary and venule walls into the islet parenchyma, where they differentiate into tissue macrophages. It was only later (step 3) that these macrophages acquired novel properties, typical of their activated state and started to phagocytose islet beta-cell debris. These data suggest that during the pre-infiltration and early insulitis the mononuclear phagocyte system plays a key role in the onset of LDS diabetes.