对Hazelton等提出的云锡矿工肺癌主要危险来自砷的商榷

Using two-stage clonal expansion model with data-base provided by Lubin, WD Hazehon et al indicated the high risk of arsenic, but not radon, in the etiology of Yunnan tin miner' s lung cancer. The author of this review iterated the problems in the data-base of Lubin,and considered that it may result in low estimate for the risk of radon in paper of Hazehon et al. Attributable risk was estimated by them with changing exposure patterns of each individual, but the efficacy of this two-stage model will be violated by the invariability of appointed radon/arsenic exposures. Risk comparison was used to distinguish the contribution from radon/arsenic, which was hampered by the high correlation between their joint exposures. As Lubin, Hazehon et al neglected the confounding from environmental arsenic pollution in early years. From all of above, their viewpoint is worth to be deliberated.     

矿区居民预防艾滋病／性传播疾病同伴教育效果研究

目的　调查对矿区居民开展预防艾滋病 /性传播疾病同伴教育的效果。方法　以自愿报名的方式选取山西省大同市永定庄矿区矿工 2 5名 ,均为男性 ,平均年龄为 3 4 0± 8 3岁 ;矿工家属 2 5名 ,均为女性 ,平均年龄为 46 8± 1 1 7岁。在矿工组和矿工家属组中各随机抽取 1名作为同伴教育者进行培训。培训合格的同伴教育者以不同的形式对其余 2 4名同伴进行 1个小时的教育。于教育前和教育后 1周对每组的 2 4名同伴就艾滋病/性传播疾病的知、信、行做问卷调查。并于 1周后按单纯随机抽样方法在每组选取 8人分别进行访谈。结果　在同伴教育者中 ,关于艾滋病 /性传播疾病的一般知识答对率培训前为 2 6 4% ,培训后为 77 6% ;关于传播途径 ,培训前为 2 3 2 % ,培训后为 90 8% ;关于相关的预防措施 ,培训前为 3 5 4% ,培训后为 74 9%。所有的同伴教育者认为艾滋病 /性传播疾病健康教育是必要的 ,同伴教育是一种有效的方式。结论　在矿工及其家属中开展艾滋病 /性传播疾病同伴教育是有效的     

What are the health costs of uranium mining? A case study of miners in Grants,New Mexico

Background:

Uranium mining is associated with lung cancer and other health problems among miners. Health impacts are related with miner exposure to radon gas progeny.

Objectives:

This study estimates the health costs of excess lung cancer mortality among uranium miners in the largest uranium-producing district in the USA, centered in Grants, New Mexico.

Methods:

Lung cancer mortality rates on miners were used to estimate excess mortality and years of life lost (YLL) among the miner population in Grants from 1955 to 2005. A cost analysis was performed to estimate direct (medical) and indirect (premature mortality) health costs.

Results:

Total health costs ranged from $2.2 million to $7.7 million per excess death. This amounts to between $22.4 million and $165.8 million in annual health costs over the 1955–1990 mining period. Annual exposure-related lung cancer mortality was estimated at 2185.4 miners per 100 000, with a range of 1419.8–2974.3 per 100 000.

Conclusions:

Given renewed interest in uranium worldwide, results suggest a re-evaluation of radon exposure standards and inclusion of miner long-term health into mining planning decisions.     

煤矿工人呼吸系统的健康状况调查

目的对煤矿工人呼吸系统的健康状况进行调查。方法选择中国西南两煤矿225例确诊的矽肺患者为病例组,294名接尘工人组成对照组,均为男性,进行详细地问卷调查并对肺功能进行检查分型。结果病例组和对照组比较,呼吸困难及肺功能障碍的严重程度均有所增加,且随着工种接触数值估测(JEM)及矽肺晋级增加而加重(P<0.05)。结论矽肺晋级、吸烟及其程度以及高剂量粉尘暴露等为影响矽肺患者呼吸系统健康的重要因素,需加强防尘控烟,从而提高矿工的健康质量。     

长、短期干预对煤矿工人艾滋病相关知识掌握程度的影响

[目的]通过对煤矿工人进行艾滋病相关知识的长、短期干预效果评价,探讨最佳的干预模武.[方法]将井陉矿业集团下属的元氏矿1 0211名矿工作为长期干预组,每隔1个月强化干预1次,干预期为5个月;石家庄红星煤矿359名矿工作为短期干预组,每隔1 d干预1次,干预期为1星期.干预内容为艾滋病的一般知识、传播途径、易感人群知识和预防知识4个方面,干预手段采用专家讲座、录象、发放宣传材料、知识有奖竞答、张贴宣传画册等.[结果]在艾滋病一般知识、易感人群知识、传播知识和预防知识4个内容中分别列有5、6、10、8个问题.在总数29个问题中除了"艾滋病人可否从表面看出"、"有否治愈艾滋病的药物"、"蚊虫叮咬可否传染艾滋病"3个问题外.其余26个问题的正答率均是短期干预组高于长期干预组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).[结论]艾滋病相关知识的短期干预效果较好,其掌握程度优于长期干预,加大干预频率可增强干预效果.     

矿工焦虑状况与职业安全体验的相关性研究

目的：探讨矿工焦虑状况与职业安全体验的相关性。方法对678名矿工采用焦虑自评量表和一般情况调查表进行测评分析。结果本组矿工焦虑自评量表评分显著高于国内企业职工常模（ P＜0．01）,其中26．5％的矿工存在不同程度的焦虑情绪;不同性别、工种、日工作时间、婚姻状况和职业安全体验矿工自评量表评分比较差异有显著性（ P＜0．05或0．01）;多元回归分析显示,工种、日工作时间及职业安全体验与矿工的焦虑水平显著相关（ P＜0．05或0．01）。结论矿工的焦虑水平显著高于国内企业职工,其焦虑状况与职业安全体验显著相关。     

Leveraging Wikipedia knowledge to classify multilingual biomedical documents

This article presents a classifier that leverages Wikipedia knowledge to represent documents as vectors of concepts weights, and analyses its suitability for classifying biomedical documents written in any language when it is trained only with English documents. We propose the cross-language concept matching technique, which relies on Wikipedia interlanguage links to convert concept vectors between languages. The performance of the classifier is compared to a classifier based on machine translation, and two classifiers based on MetaMap. To perform the experiments, we created two multilingual corpus. The first one, Multi-Lingual UVigoMED (ML-UVigoMED) is composed of 23,647 Wikipedia documents about biomedical topics written in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Galician, Romanian, and Icelandic. The second one, English-French-Spanish-German UVigoMED (EFSG-UVigoMED) is composed of 19,210 biomedical abstract extracted from MEDLINE written in English, French, Spanish, and German. The performance of the approach proposed is superior to any of the state-of-the art classifier in the benchmark. We conclude that leveraging Wikipedia knowledge is of great advantage in tasks of multilingual classification of biomedical documents.     

河北省唐山地区矿工高血压病患病情况调查

[目的]了解河北唐山地区矿工高血压病的流行现况,为高血压病的防治和干预提供科学依据。[方法]采用分层整群抽样方法对唐山某矿4001名矿工进行调查,由培训过的医师对调查对象进行血压测量和资料的收集。[结果]河北唐山矿工高血压病患病率为25.04%。随年龄的增长,3级高血压病所占比例呈增高趋势。矿工高血压病患者知晓率14.26%。[结论]河北省唐山地区矿工高血压病患病率高,知晓率低,应注意加强高血压病防治知识宣传及采取全面的高血压病预防控制措施,提高矿工对高血压病危险因素和相关知识的认识度。     

煤矿伤工心身健康状况调查

目的调查煤矿伤工的心身健康状况。方法使用煤矿伤工一般情况调查表和康奈尔健康指数(CMI)调查了重庆天府矿务局职工总医院和兖州矿业集团公司医院的煤矿工伤病人的心身健康状况。结果 1疲劳感(第1位)和习惯(第2位)在煤矿伤工的心身健康问题中所占比重较大;2煤矿伤工的心身健康状况好于大学生(t=-5.24,P0.001;t=-15.18,P0.001),精神障碍筛查率低于全国常模(χ2=13.031,P0.001);3煤矿伤工的心身健康状况在工种(t=-2.681,P0.01;t=-1.811,P0.05)、受伤种类(t=-3.586,P0.001;t=-3.776,P0.001)、年龄(t=0.940,P0.05;t=2.843,P0.01)、文化程度(t=2.329,P0.05;t=2.832,P0.01)存在差异。结论煤矿伤工心身健康状况良好,工种、受伤类型、年龄和文化程度都是影响心身健康状况的因素。     

下背痛矿工脊柱退变的CT研究

目的　为了解井下矿工腰脊柱退行性变情况 ,探讨下背痛的原因。方法　选择 40名有下背痛史、年龄 30～ 5 0岁、工龄 10～ 30年的井下矿工作为观察组 ;同时选择年龄、工龄和身高等相近的井上体力劳动者作为对照组 ;用GEProspeedAI型CT机对两组人群腰 (骶 )椎间盘 (L3/L4、L4/L5、L5 /S1)进行扫描 ,比较两组椎间盘突出、椎管矢状径大小、侧隐窝高度、椎体骨质增生、韧带肥厚等。结果　观察组L3/L4、L4/L5、L5 /S1椎间盘突出 (0 .33± 0 .15、0 .5 3± 0 .2 5、0 .45± 0 .18)较对照组 (0 .2 8± 0 .11、0 .32± 0 .2 1、0 .37± 0 .19)明显 ;侧隐窝高度 (0 .40± 0 .0 8、0 .31± 0 .0 5、0 .37± 0 .0 7)比对照组 (0 .42± 0 .10、0 .43± 0 .0 7、0 .40± 0 .0 6 )窄 ,但仅L4/L5水平差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;椎管矢状径大小比对照组窄 ,但差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;椎体骨质增生 (4 5 .0 0 %)、韧带肥厚 (4 2 .5 0 %)及钙化 (2 2 .5 0 %)比对照组 (2 3.33%、16 .6 7%、16 .6 7%)多见 ,但两组间仅韧带肥厚发生率的差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　井下矿工腰脊柱退行性变比对照组严重 ,主要表现为L4/L5椎间盘突出和侧隐窝变窄。