国产米力农治疗严重心力衰竭患者的急性效应

国产米力农治疗３１例严重心力衰竭患者的急性效应，慢难治性及稳定性心力衰竭总有效率为８８．８％及５７．０％，副作用小．结果提示国产米力农对严重心力衰竭患者有效。     

Preliminary experience with inhaled milrinone in cardiac surgery

Background: Inhaled administration of milrinone reduces pulmonary artery pressure. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right heart failure are associated with difficult separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Therefore, inhaled milrinone could facilitate separation from CPB. Objective: To determine the impact and timing of administration of inhaled milrinone. Methods: A retrospective analysis of our experience on high-risk patients receiving inhaled milrinone was conducted to evaluate the postoperative course after administration of the drug. Results: Seventy-three patients received inhaled milrinone from June 2002 to February 2005. Mean age was 64 ± 13 years, with a mean preoperative Parsonnet score of 27 ± 14. Inhaled milrinone (5 mg) was administered before (n = 30) or after (n = 40) CPB, three patients had off-pump procedures and were excluded. CPB time was 145 ± 78 min with cross-clamping times of 91 ± 56 min without any significant difference between groups. Fifty-four patients (74%) had difficult separation from CPB, 14 patients (19%) required an intra-aortic balloon pump and 10 patients (14%) needed emergency reinitiation of CPB for hemodynamic instability. Ten patients died in the perioperative period (13.7%). Patients receiving inhaled milrinone prior to CPB initiation had a lowering pulmonary artery pressure after CPB (p < .01) and had less emergency reinitiation of CPB after weaning (3% vs 23%, p = .02) as compared to those with administration after CPB. No detectable side effects were directly linked to the administration of the drug. Conclusion: In this high-risk cohort, use of inhaled milrinone was well tolerated. Administration before initiation of CPB could help weaning from CPB.     

米力农治疗充血性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的　通过观察米力农治疗充血性心力衰竭的效果 ,探讨行之有效的疗法。方法　将患者随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,均给以强心、利尿、扩血管等综合治疗 ,治疗组在此基础上先以米力农 5 0 μg/kg缓慢静脉注射 10分钟 ,继续以 0 .75 μg/ (kg .min)静脉滴注 ,7天为 1疗程。疗程结束后观察心衰症状的改善情况。 结果　治疗组显效 4 7例 ,有效 2 3例 ,有效率 92 .10 % ;对照组显效 32例 ,有效 2 0例 ,有效率 68.4 2 %。两组比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　米力农治疗充血性心力衰竭疗效好 ,疗程短 ,不良反应少     

Milrinone therapy in catecholamine-dependent critically ill patients with heart failure

BACKGROUND: Treatment with the PDE-III inhibitor milrinone improves hemodynamics in patients with heart failure. We examined whether therapy with milrinone is safe and effective in critically ill patients with catecholamine-dependent heart failure and whether treatment with milrinone facilitates weaning from prolonged catecholamine therapy. METHODS: Twenty adult patients with reduced left ventricular function and prolonged (7+/-4 days) catecholamine therapy in whom attempts at catecholamine weaning had failed were examined. Patients were prospectively randomised either to group A (addition of a fixed dose of 0.5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) milrinone to catecholamine therapy) or to group B (continued catecholamine therapy without milrinone). Dobutamine and norepinephrine treatment and fluid intake were titrated according to predefined hemodynamic goals. Hemodynamic parameters, fluid requirements and catecholamine dose were monitored. RESULTS: After 24 h of study treatment goup A showed a significant increase in cardiac index (2.2+/-0.4 1 min(-1) x m(-2) to 2.7+/-0.51 min(-1) x m(-2); P<0.005), a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (1,427+/-609 dyn x s x cm(-5) to 951+/-184 dyn x s x cm(-5); P<0.005), required lower doses of dobutamine (5.9+/-4.2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) to 2.2+/-3.3 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1); P<0.02), but showed a tendency for higher vasoconstrictor (0.14+/-0.16 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) to 0.29+/-0.43 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1); P=n.s.) and fluid requirements (+1,404+/-2,257 ml/24 h to +2,508+/-1,873 ml/ 24 h; P=n.s.). No significant changes occurred in group B. Weaning from catecholamine therapy was more often achieved in group A and more milrinone treated patients were discharged alive from the ICU (80% vs. 30%; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Milrinone improves central hemodynamics and may facilitate weaning from prolonged catecholamine support in critically ill patients with heart failure. Its administration in this subset of critically ill patients is safe, but eventually is associated with additional vasoconstrictor and fluid requirements.     

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Failure of the normal circulatory adaptation to extrauterine life results in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Although this condition is most often secondary to parenchymal lung disease or lung hypoplasia, it may also be idiopathic. PPHN is characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance with resultant right-to-left shunting of blood and hypoxemia. Although the preliminary diagnosis of PPHN is often based on differential cyanosis and labile hypoxemia, the diagnosis is confirmed by echocardiography. Management strategies include optimal lung recruitment and use of surfactant in patients with parenchymal lung disease, maintaining optimal oxygenation and stable blood pressures, avoidance of respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, and pulmonary vasodilator therapy. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is considered when medical management fails. Although mortality associated with PPHN has decreased significantly with improvements in medical care, there remains the potential risk for neurodevelopmental disability which warrants close follow-up of affected infants after discharge.     

阿托伐他汀联合米力农治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的探讨阿托伐他汀钙联合米力农注射液治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法选取2018年12月—2019年12月于河南省人民医院进行治疗的慢性心力衰竭患者93例,随机分为对照组(46例)和治疗组(47例)。对照组iv米力农注射液,首次采用50μg/kg负荷剂量静脉推注10 min,随后以0.25～0.50μg/(kg·min)静脉匀速泵入,连续使用72 h;治疗组患者则在对照组基础上口服阿托伐他汀钙片,10 mg/次,2次/d。两组均连续治疗1周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后临床症状评分、6 min步行距离、心功能指标及血清去甲肾上腺素、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、醛固酮(ALD)、脑自然肽氨基端前体蛋白(NT-proBNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平。结果治疗后,对照组临床总有效率78.26%明显低于治疗组93.62%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者临床症状评分显著降低,但6 min步行距离显著升高(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组临床症状评分和6 min步行距离相较于对照组改善更为显著(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心功能指标左心室射血分数(LVEE)、左心室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组心功能相关指标相较于对照组改善更为显著(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清去甲肾上腺素、ICAM-1、hs-CRP、ALD、NT-proBNP、cTnI水平均较治疗前明显降低(P0.05);且治疗后治疗组这些相关血清生化指标显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀钙联合米力农注射液治疗慢性心力衰竭疗效确切,能显著改善患者临床症状及心功能指标,可改善患者相关血清生化指标,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

米力农对慢性充血性心力衰竭血液动力学即刻效应的多中心临床研究

采用随机双盲，安慰剂对照，自身交叉试验设计方案，观察了国产米力农对５７例慢性充血性心力衰竭的即刻血波动力学效应。用Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管法测量血液动力学指标。静脉注射米力农后，心脏指数由２．２０±０．６４增加到２．９５±０．７１Ｌ／ｍｉｎ·ｍ￣２，Ｐ＜０．０５，平均肺毛细血管楔嵌压由３．０３±０．９５降到２．０９±１．１０ｋＰａ（２２．７０±７．６４降到１５．５６±８．１３ｍｍＨｇ），Ｐ＜０．０５。安慰剂对血液动力学指标无明显影响。对慢性充血性心力衰竭，米力农具有强心和扩血管作用。     

心宝丸联合米力农治疗终末期心力衰竭的临床研究

目的探讨心宝丸联合米力农治疗终末期心力衰竭的临床效果。方法选取2016年3月—2019年3月延安大学附属医院收治的96例终末期心力衰竭患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各48例。对照组静脉滴注米力农注射液,负荷量50μg/kg,缓慢静脉注射(10 min);继以0.50μg/(kg?min)静脉点滴维持,每日最大剂量不超过1.13 mg/kg。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服心宝丸,6丸/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗5d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后心功能指标、血流动力学指标、血清学指标和中性粒细胞(NEUT)与淋巴细胞(LYM)比值(NLR)的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别是77.1%、91.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组左心室收缩、舒张末期内径(LVESD和LVEDD)值均显著小于治疗前,而左室射血分数(LVEF)值均显著增高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组LVESD、LVEDD值低于对照组,而LVEF高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组每搏输出量(SV)、心脏收缩力指数(HI)均较治疗前显著增加,而舒张功能指数(O/C)、肺动脉楔压(PAWP)、总外周阻力(TPR)均显著减小,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组SV、HI值高于对照组,而O/C、PAWP、TPR值低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清B型利钠肽(BNP)、可溶性生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(s ST2)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、外周血NLR均较治疗前显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组血清学指标和NLR均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心宝丸联合米力农治疗终末期心力衰竭具有较好的临床疗效,有助于逆转患者心室重塑,增强心脏功能,改善血流动力学状态,减轻机体炎症反应,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

重组人脑利钠肽与米力农治疗难治性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的 观察比较重组人脑利钠肽(rhBNP)与米力农治疗难治性心力衰竭(RHF)的临床疗效及安全性.方法 选取RHF患者84例,随机分为两组.观察组使用rhBNP 1.5μg/kg静脉冲击,0.0075μg·kg-1·min-1持续静脉滴注;对照组使用米力农,负荷量50μg/kg,5～10min缓慢静脉滴注,以后0.25～1.00μg·kg-1·min-1维持.每日最大剂量不超过1.13mg/kg.共使用3d,观察疗效及不良反应.结果 观察组治疗有效率明显优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 rhBNP治疗RHF疗效确切,较米力农治疗后改善更加显著,安全性更高.