Sideropenic Dysphagia综合征膜性蹼26例分析

目的 :研究SideropenicDysphagla (S -D)综合征膜性蹼产生的机制。方法 :回顾分析S -D综合征2 6例的临床资料。结果 :影像学检查显示膜性蹼在颈段食道前壁呈 2mm深的模样陷凹。血液学检查为缺铁性低血红蛋白性贫血改变。结论 :缺铁性贫血是S -D综合征的原因 ,铁剂治疗有效     

活血软坚方对大鼠膜性肾小球肾炎肾小管间质损害影响的实验研究

目的：观察活血软坚方对大鼠膜性肾小球肾炎（MN）肾小管间质损害的影响，并探讨活血软坚中药对MN伴发小管间质损伤的作用机制。方法：用阳离子化牛血清白蛋白复制大鼠MN模型，将实验动物随机分为正常组、模型组、雷公藤组、治疗组，观察24h尿蛋白、血浆白蛋白、胆固醇、三酰甘油、血肌酐、尿素氮等生化指标，并对肾组织进行光镜、电镜、免疫荧光观察；采用RT—PCR的方法检测ColⅠmRNA和ColⅢmRNA的表达。结果：本方能明显降低蛋白尿及血清胆固醇、三酰甘油、血肌酐、尿素氮，升高血清白蛋白，减少免疫复合物沉积，改善肾小球及肾小管的病理损伤。结论：活血软坚方能减轻尿蛋白对肾小管的损伤，减少细胞外基质在肾间质的积聚，减轻肾脏病理损伤，从而达到保护肾功能的作用。     

Intramembranous fine deposit disease associated with collagen disorders: a new morphological entity?

Summary A distinct, hitherto unknown renal histopathological appearance, consisting of diffuse thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) with fine intramembranous electron-dense deposits, was observed in the renal biopsies from three patients with collagen diseases. In each case, proteinuria was mild with normal urinary sediment. On light microscopy there were no particular abnormalities but a mild thickening of the glomerular capillary wall. Immunofluorescence studies revealed faint linear or extremely fine granular IgG deposition along the capillary wall. On electron microscopy, the GBM was diffusely thickened with fine intramembranous electron-dense deposits without spike formation. No other deposits were seen in the glomerulus. These histological features resembled those of membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), although the possibility of the early change of MGN is excluded by specific findings in these cases. Other GBM-thickening diseases such as diabetic glomerulosclerosis were ruled out clinically and histologically. Our cases have a singular renal histopathology which differs from any of the previously established classifications of glomerular lesions. It may be a specific change associated with some type of collagen disease.     

Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis,a complication of measles

Membranous laryngotracheobronchitis is a very serious infection which affects the larynx, trachea and bronchi, requiring aggressive therapeutic measures. It has been recently rediscovered as a cause of disease in children. However, it is a very unusual complication of measles. Two infants with measles and membranous laryngotracheobronchitis are reported.     

Membranous lipodystrophy

Summary The case is described of a 35-year-old housewife diagnosed as having membranous lipodystrophy (as described by Nasu et al. in 1970 and called lipomembranous polycystic osteodysplasia by Hakola in 1972). The main symptom of this patient was a slowly progressive dementia. Skeletal symptoms were not seen. The computerized tomogram of the brain showed calcification of bilateral basal ganglia and the plain roentgenograms of the bones revealed cystic radiolucent areas at the distal end of the bones of the patient's extremities. Histological examination of the curetted material from the right talus revealed a membranocystic pattern. The fatty tissue curetted from the cyst of the talus and the lysosomal enzymes of the white blood cells were biochemically normal. A possible relationship between this disease entity and connective disorders is considered.     

成人三种膜性肾病的临床与病理分析

目的阐明成人病理类型表现为膜性肾病的乙肝相关性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎、特发性膜性肾病的临床与病理特点。方法回顾性分析经肾活检确诊的三种膜性肾病患者86例,对其临床资料、病理特征进行统计分析。结果①三种膜性肾病占有率为乙肝相关性肾炎11.6%、狼疮性肾炎24.4%、特发性膜性肾病64.0%。②三种膜性肾病患者临床表现均以肾病综合征为主,而血尿、高血压及肾功能不全的发病情况在三者间无统计学意义。血清补体C3、C4的降低在狼疮性肾炎患者中明显。③病理改变均以Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期为主,在病理表现中,系膜中重度增生、电子致密物多部位沉积在乙肝相关性肾炎、狼疮性肾炎和特发性膜性肾病间比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论成人以特发性膜性肾病为主,三种膜性肾病的临床表现相似,但有各自临床与病理特点,确诊需综合进行分析。     

吗替麦考酚酯联合激素治疗膜性肾病的临床观察

目的 对吗替麦考酚酯（MMF）联合皮质类固醇激素治疗膜性肾病的疗效及副作用进行初步观察,并对其中特发性膜性肾病（IMN）与乙型肝炎病毒相关性膜性肾病（HBV-MN）的疗效进行比较。方法对我科25例膜性肾病患者（IMN12例;HBV-MN13例,其中12例HBV-DNA阴性,肝功能均正常,采用MMF（始量1．5g／d,渐减量至0．5g／d,疗程6～18个月）及泼尼松（始量40～60mg／d,3个月后渐减量至5～10mg／d维持）联合治疗。1例血清HBV-DNA低度阳性的患者同时口服拉米呋定。定期观察血常规、尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血脂、血肌酐及肝功能变化,血HBsAg阳性患者定期检查血HBV-DNA。结果治疗6、12、18个月,疗效随时间延长而增加。治疗18个月时肾病综合征完全缓解率为63．6％,总有效率达90．9％;尿蛋白定量从（7．4±3．2）g／d降至（0．6±1．1）g／d（P〈0．1）1）,血清白蛋自从（23．7±5．9）g／L升至（42．5±6．0）g／L（P〈0．01）,血清总胆固醇及甘油三脂也显著下降（P％0．115）,而血肌酐无变化（P〉0．05）。药物副作用轻。IMN组与HBV-MN组患者疗效及副作用皆无显著差异（P〉0．115）。结论MMF联合激素可应用于膜性肾病的治疗,包括IMN及肝炎病毒复制指标阴性及肝功能正常的HBV-MN。     

基于转录组测序技术探讨复方蛇龙胶囊治疗膜性肾病大鼠潜在机制

目的:应用高通量转录组测序(RNA-seq)技术检测膜性肾病大鼠肾组织基因表达变化,分析复方蛇龙胶囊可能的作用机制。方法:采用改良Border法建立膜性肾病大鼠模型,设置模型组和复方蛇龙胶囊高、中、低剂量组(1.5、0.75、0.375 g/kg),每天灌胃1次,连续干预8周。采用RNA-seq技术检测复方蛇龙胶囊干预前后的差异表达基因,通过基因本体(GO)富集分析、京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析、蛋白质相互作用(PPI)及关键基因分析,筛选关键基因以及关键通路。结果:与模型组相比,复方蛇龙胶囊低、中、高剂量组共筛选出差异表达基因685个,其中535个上调基因,150个下调基因。GO富集分析显示差异表达基因主要涉及细胞膜结构,参与物质跨膜运输、细胞粘附与迁移,调控跨膜转运蛋白活性,KEGG富集分析显示差异表达基因主要富集在PI3K/Akt和MAPK信号通路。蛋白质相互作用网络筛选出Egfr、Fn1、Rac3、Frk、Cdh1、Agt、Hspg2、Itga8、Akt3和Fgfr2共10个关键基因,GO功能富集分析显示关键基因主要富集在细胞膜表面及间质,参与跨胞外基质组织及粘附过程,调控激酶活性,KEGG富集分析结果显示关键基因主要富集在PI3K/Akt信号通路。结论:调控肾足细胞自噬与凋亡可能是复方蛇龙胶囊作用的重要机制,与PI3K/Akt信号通路相关基因表达有关。     

Non-diabetic urine glucose in idiopathic membranous nephropathy

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) with nondiabetic urine glucose during the follow-up. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1313 patients who were diagnosed iMN. The prevalence of nondiabetic urine glucose during follow-up was 10.89%. There were significant differences between the patients with nondiabetic urine glucose and those without urine glucose in gender, hypertension ratio, proteinuria, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, retinol binding protein, serum albumin, serum creatinine (Scr), cholesterol, triglyceride and positive anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody ratio, glomerular sclerosis ratio, acute and chronic tubular injury lesion at baseline. To exclude the influence of the baseline proteinuria and Scr, case control sampling of urine glucose negative patients was applied according to gender, baseline proteinuria and Scr. The proteinuria nonremission (NR) ratio was 45.83 versus 12.50% of the urine glucose positive group and case control group. Partial remission (PR) ratio of the two groups was 36.46 versus 23.96% and complete remission (CR) ratio was 19.79% versus 63.54%, respectively. Patients with urine glucose had higher risk of 50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction. Cox regression showed that urine glucose and baseline Scr were risk factors of 50% reduction of eGFR. Urine glucose remission ratio of the patients with proteinuria NR, PR, and CR was 13.33, 56.25, and 94.73% (p < 0.005). Patients who got urine glucose remission also had better renal survival. In conclusion, non-diabetic urine glucose was closely related to proteinuria. It could be applied as a tubular injury marker to predict renal function.     

方格星虫提取物对膜性肾病模型的治疗作用及机制初探

目的:初步探讨方格星虫粗提物(SNP)对膜性肾病(MN)的治疗作用及其可能机制。方法:50只SD大鼠随机分为模型组和对照组,模型组大鼠腹腔一次注入抗FxlA血清建立被动性Heymann肾炎模型,模型建立1周后依24 h尿蛋白排泄量(24 h UPE)随机将Heymann肾炎大鼠分为SNP治疗组和未治疗组,治疗组用SNP灌胃治疗。考马斯亮蓝法每周测定24 h UPE。治疗4周结束后处死大鼠取双肾,光镜、电镜观察肾脏病理改变,RT-PCR法检测肾组织nephrin mRNA和podocin mRNA的表达量。结果:SNP治疗4周后大鼠24 h UPE较未治疗组降低(P<0.05);模型组大鼠肾小球基底膜增厚,上皮下电子致密物沉积,足细胞足突融合等病理改变,SNP治疗组大鼠上述病变较未治疗组减轻,经测定,足细胞足突融合率较未治疗组显著降低(P<0.01);SNP治疗组nephrin mRNA和podocin mRNA表达量较未治疗组升高(P<0.05)。结论:SNP可通过上调膜性肾病大鼠足细胞nephrin和podocin基因表达水平,一定程度上减轻足细胞足突融合,进而减少尿蛋白滤过,可能对人类膜性肾病具有辅助治疗作用。