金水宝片联合依诺肝素对维持性血液透析患者血脂代谢的影响

目的：探究金水宝片联合依诺肝素对维持性血液透析患者血脂代谢的影响。方法：选取2018年12月至2019年3月马鞍山十七冶医院血液净化中心进行透析的患者154例作为研究对象，根据用药不同分为对照组和观察组,每组77例。对照组常规应用依诺肝素抗凝，观察组在对照组抗凝基础上加用金水宝片，各组均干预3个月，比较2组患者血脂变化及持续血液透析并发症发生情况。结果：治疗后，观察组患者三酰甘油、总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平下降，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高，与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05），与对照组治疗后比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组总并发症发生率明显低于对照组，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组患者维持性血液透析不良反应发生率均较低，组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：金水宝片联合依诺肝素有助于改善维持性血液透析患者血脂代谢水平，降低维持性血液透析相关并发症，值得临床推广应用。     

泻浊化瘀汤联合血液透析治疗尿毒症临床效果及对TLR4、炎症细胞因子水平的影响

目的探讨泻浊化瘀汤联合血液透析治疗尿毒症患者的临床效果。方法选取2013年10月-2018年1月收治的107例尿毒症患者,采用随机数字表法分为试验组54例和对照组53例,两组患者均常规采用血液透析治疗,对照组透析治疗的过程中给予基础治疗,观察组给予基础治疗+泻浊化瘀汤,对比两组患者干预前后血液透析后的血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)的水平。结果干预前,观察组和对照组的Scr、BUN、血钙、血磷、PTH、TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组的血磷、PTH、TNF-α水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),两组的Scr、BUN、血钙差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预前,观察组和对照组的血清IL-2、IL-6、TLR4和CRP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组的血清IL-2、IL-6、TLR4和CRP均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论泻浊化瘀汤联合血液透析治疗尿毒症患者有利于降低血磷、降低患者的炎症反应程度及TLR4的水平,对于改善血透患者的治疗质量具有一定的作用。     

NIKKISO DBB-27型血液透析机液路系统工作原理及故障报警分析

分析了NIKKISO DBB-27型血液透析机液路系统的系统结构及各组成部分的工作原理,并对相关故障报警的诊断和排除进行了详细论述,为及时、准确地诊断和排除血液透析机的故障提供了理论基础。     

抑郁障碍对血液透析患者的影响

目的 探讨尿毒症患者产生抑郁障碍的可能因素及其对血液透析的影响，并尝试药物治疗，改善患者的生活质量。方法 选择无精神病史的规律性血透患者51例，进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD，24项版本)评分，并分为抑郁组和非抑郁组；在组间进行性别、年龄、文化程度和经济状况的比较，观察患者透析充分性、营养、就业率及顺应性在组间的差异。选择重度抑郁状态者予博乐欣(75-150mg/d)抗抑郁治疗，观察疗效。结果 (1)35．3％的患者存在抑郁障碍；(2)两组的年龄、性别、文化程度和婚姻障碍情况均无显著差异；(3)两组间在医疗付费方式、透前规律性肾科门诊及顺应性、充分性、营养状态方面存在显著差异；(4)在18例中选7例抗抑郁治疗，1个月后HAMD评分均有不同程度下降。结论 抑郁障碍在血透患者中是常见的。它可造成血透患者的顺应性下降、营养不良、透析不充分等。抗抑郁的药物治疗可望改善患者的抑郁状态。     

护理人员的职业损伤因素及健康维护

作者指出临床一线的护理人员是发生职业损伤的高危群体。产生职业损伤的危险因素包括基础教育和继续教育缺乏职业损伤及其防范知识；影响护理人员身体健康的诸因素，如化疗专用的溶药设备、洁净操作台或相对密闭的溶药环境不健全；乙型肝炎等医院内易感性等疾病增加，被血液、体液等污染的医疗锐器刺伤是护理人员职业感染的主要途径；护理人员工作职业特点对健康不利的影响，护理人员心理压力大。为维护护理人员身心健康，应加入医院感染、职业损伤和健康维护的在校理论教育内容，加强护理人员职业安全教育，采取防范职业损伤的措施，如化疗药物中心配药、使用一次性手套等措施。     

促红细胞生成素治疗透析前贫血临床分析

目的观察人类重组红细胞生成素(r-HuEPO)对透析前贫血的疗效,探讨早期治疗肾性贫血的意义.方法患者分两组,治疗组应用r-HuEPO皮下注射,补充叶酸、铁剂,给予饮食疗法、大黄散、控制血压等措施.对照组不用r-HuEPO治疗,其它措施相同.观察症状、HGB、HCT、SCr和血清钾、钠、氯水平.结果治疗组症状改善,生活质量提高;HGB、HCT明显升高,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).血清肌酐无明显升高.结论r-HuEPO能明显提高HGB、HCT水平,安全有效治疗透析前贫血,肾性贫血早期治疗值得重视和进一步探讨.     

The 1989 report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study

This report of the North American Pediatric Transplant Cooperative Study summarizes data contributed by 57 participating centers on 754 children with 761 transplants from 1 January 1989 to 16 February 1989. Data collection was initiated in October 1987 and follow-up of all patients is ongoing. Transplant frequency increased with age; 24% of the patients were less than 5 years, with 7% being under 2 years. Common frequent diagnoses were: aplastic/dysplastic kidneys (18%), obstructive uropathy (16%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (12%). Preemptive transplant, i.e., transplantation without prior maintenance dialysis, was performed in 21% of the patients. Dialytic modalities pretransplant were peritoneal dialysis in 42% and hemodialysis in 25%. Bilateral nephrectomy was reported in 29%. Live-donor sources accounted for 42% of the transplants. Among cadaveric donors, 41% of the donors were under 11 years old. During the first post-transplant month, maintenance therapy was used similarly for live-donor and cadaver source transplants, with prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine used in 93%, 83%, and 81%, respectively. Triple therapy with prednisone, cyclosporine, and azathioprine was used in 78%, 75%, and 75% of functioning cadaver source transplants at 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months as opposed to 60%, 63%, and 54% for live-donor procedures, with single-drug therapy being uncommon. Rehospitalization during months 1–5 occurred in 62% of the patients, with treatment of rejection and infection being the main causes. Additionally, 9% were hospitalized for hypertension. During months 6–12 and 12–17, 30% and 28% of the patients with functioning grafts were rehospitalized. Times to first rejection differed significantly for cadaver and live-donor transplants. The median time to the first rejection was 36 days for cadaver transplants and 156 days for live-donor transplants. Overall, 57% of treated rejections were completely reversible although the complete reversal rate decreased to 37% for four or more rejections. One hundred and fifty-two graft failures had occurred at the time of writing, with a 1-year graft survival estimate of 0.88 for live-donor and 0.71 for cadaver source transplants. In addition to donor source, recipient age is a significant prognostic factor for graft survival. Among cadaver donors, decreasing donor age is associated with a decreasing probability of graft survival. Thirty-five deaths have occurred; 16 attributed to infection and 19 to other causes. The current 1-year survival estimate is 0.94. There have been 9 malignancies.A list of all participating centers and the names of the investigators is printed on pages 552–553     

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy and bilateral ureteric ligation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in a patient on hemodialysis

Laparoscopic cystectomy and bilateral ureteric ligation were performed on a 52-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis (HD) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Her volume of urine production was approximately 100 mL/day. Excisions of the bladder and uterus with ligation of the bilateral ureter were conducted completely laparoscopically. Total operative time was 280 min and the amount of blood loss was 60 mL. No complications were seen perioperatively and no adverse events regarding ureteric ligation arose. HD was performed on the second postoperative day. At a 12-month follow-up, the patient showed no evidence of disease.