Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Adult Patients With Sequelae From Childhood Hip Infection: A Medium-Term Follow-Up Study

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate midterm clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) with cementless implants for adult patients with sequelae from childhood hip infection.MethodsBetween 2002 and 2016, 165 patients (165 hips) who had a hip infection during childhood were treated with THAs with cementless implants. The average duration of follow-up was 93.5 months (range 26-206). Clinical results were evaluated via the Harris Hip Score and radiographic results were analyzed with postoperative serial X-rays.ResultsThe average Harris Hip Score increased from 27 (range 8-53) before surgery to 91 (range 45-100) at the latest follow-up examination (P < .001). At the latest follow-up evaluation, 9 cementless acetabular components demonstrated partial, nonprogressive radiolucencies. No subsidence of more than 2 mm or evidence of a radiolucent line was observed around the femoral components. Intraoperative periprosthetic fractures occurred in 11 hips, including 3 acetabular fractures, 2 fractures of greater trochanter, 1 femoral shaft fracture, and 5 fractures of femoral calcar. Postoperative complications included 3 cases of periprosthetic infection, 1 episode of dislocation, 1 case of a femoral periprosthetic fracture, 5 cases of sciatic nerve injury, 1 case of femoral nerve injury, and 1 case of squeaking from a ceramic bearing surface.ConclusionCementless THA for adult patients with sequelae from childhood hip infection presents significant technical challenges and a relatively high complication rate. With meticulous surgical planning and anticipation for the key technical challenges frequently encountered, the medium-term clinical and radiographic results of THA in this setting were good with high implant survivorship and patient satisfaction.     

电视辅助胸腔镜下解剖性肺切除治疗I期肺癌的临床效果

目的 探讨电视辅助胸腔镜下解剖性肺切除治疗Ⅰ期肺癌的临床效果。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,选取2015年5月至2017年1月广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的I期肺癌患者84例,按照手术方法不同将患者分为两组:观察组和对照组,每组各42例。观察组患者实施电视辅助胸腔镜下解剖性肺切除术治疗,对照组患者给予传统开胸肺叶切除术治疗。比较两组患者的住院时间、切口长度、术中出血量、手术时间、1年和3年生存情况及生活质量评分(SF-36生活量表)变化。结果 观察组患者的住院时间短于对照组(6. 13±1. 46 vs. 10. 39±2. 41 d),切口长度小于对照组(4. 38±1. 09 vs. 11. 84±3. 25 cm),术中出血量少于对照组(284. 62±54. 21 vs. 397. 57±61. 49 ml),差异均具有统计学意义(P <0. 05);而两组手术时间比较(165. 28±33. 24 vs. 156. 39±30. 92 min),差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。观察组患者的1、3年生存率[97. 62%(41/42)、90. 48%(38/42)]均高于对照组[88. 10%(37/42)、76. 19%(32/42)],但差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。观察组患者的各项生活质量评分[精神健康(75. 42±6. 87 vs 61. 30±4. 15分)、情感职能(81. 38±7. 15 vs. 73. 49±5. 76分)、社会功能(82. 67±5. 78 vs. 75. 42±4. 35分)、一般健康状况(79. 49±6. 17 vs.70. 31±5. 04分)、精力(84. 37±5. 45 vs. 74. 13±6. 07分)、生理职能(86. 52±6. 88 vs. 76. 93±6. 42分)、躯体疼痛(83. 46±7. 49 vs. 74. 33±5. 79分)、生理功能(70. 39±4. 31 vs. 61. 38±3. 56分)]均高于对照组,且差异具有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论 与传统开胸肺叶切除术相比,电视辅助胸腔镜下解剖性肺切除治疗I期肺癌手术损伤更小、短期生存率更高,且有助于提高患者术后生活质量水平,这对改善患者预后有重要意义,值得临床推广应用。     

A new approach to prevent HIV transmission: Project Protect intervention for recently infected individuals

Past research suggests that as many as 50% of onward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmissions occur during acute and recent HIV infection. It is clearly important to develop interventions which focus on this highly infectious stage of HIV infection to prevent further transmission in the risk networks of acutely and recently infected individuals. Project Protect tries to find recently and acutely infected individuals and prevents HIV transmission in their risk networks. Participants are recruited by community health outreach workers at community-based HIV testing sites and drug users' community venues, by coupon referrals and through referrals from AIDS clinics. When a network with acute/recent infection is identified, network members are interviewed about their risky behaviors, network information is collected, and blood is drawn for HIV testing. Participants are also educated and given prevention materials (condoms, syringes, educational materials); HIV-infected participants are referred to AIDS clinics and are assisted with access to care. Community alerts about elevated risk of HIV transmission are distributed within the risk networks of recently infected. Overall, 342 people were recruited to the project and screened for acute/recent HIV infection. Only six index cases of recent infection (2.3% of all people screened) were found through primary screening at voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) sites, but six cases of recent infection were found through contact tracing of these recently infected participants (7% of network members who came to the interview). Combining screening at VCT sites and contact tracing the number of recently infected people we located as compared to VCT screening alone. No adverse events were encountered. These first results provide evidence for the theory behind the intervention, i.e., in the risk networks of recently infected people there are other people with recent HIV infection and they can be successfully located without increasing stigma for project participants.     

Longer Operative Time Results in a Higher Rate of Subsequent Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Patients Undergoing Primary Joint Arthroplasty

Background

Whether prolonged operative time is an independent risk factor for subsequent surgical site infection (SSI) and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total joint arthroplasty (TJA) remains a clinically significant and underexplored issue. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between operative time and the risk of subsequent SSI and PJI in patients undergoing primary TJA.

基于剂量组学预测肺癌患者放射性肺炎发生的研究

目的 探讨剂量组学在预测肺癌根治性放疗患者放射性肺炎发生中的应用潜能。方法 回顾性收集行根治性放疗的314例肺癌患者的临床资料、放疗剂量文件、定位及随访CT图像,根据临床资料及影像学随访资料对放射性肺炎进行分级,提取全肺的剂量组学特征,构建机器学习模型。应用1000次自助抽样法（bootstrap）的最小绝对值收敛和选择算子嵌套逻辑回归（LASSO‐LR）及1000次bootstrap的赤池信息量准则（AIC）向后法筛选与放射性肺炎相关的剂量组学特征,随机按照7∶3划分为训练集及验证集,应用逻辑回归建立预测模型,并应用ROC曲线及校正曲线评价模型的性能。结果 共提取120个剂量组学特征,经LASSO‐LR降维筛选得到12个特征进入“特征池”,再经过AIC向后法筛选,最终筛选出6个剂量组学特征进行模型构建,训练集AUC为0.77（95%CI为0.65~0.87）,独立验证集AUC为0.72（95%CI为0.64~0.81）。结论 利用剂量组学建立的预测模型具有预测放射性肺炎发生的潜力,但仍需继续纳入多中心数据及前瞻性数据进一步挖掘剂量组学的应用潜能。     

阿帕替尼治疗晚期及术后复发肺肉瘤样癌的疗效分析

目的探索阿帕替尼治疗晚期及术后复发肺肉瘤样癌的疗效。方法收集2016年6月至2019年8月Ⅲ~Ⅳ期及术后复发的肺肉瘤样癌患者21例,口服阿帕替尼(250~425 mg/d)治疗,30 d为1个疗程,观察并分析疗效及评价安全性。结果21例患者中,完全缓解(CR)为0,部分缓解(PR)为14.3%(3例),稳定(SD)为33.3%(7例),疾病进展(PD)为52.4%(11例);客观反应率(ORR)为13.3%(3例),疾病控制率(DCR)为47.6%(10例)。中位总生存期(mOS)为4.6个月,中位无进展生存期(mPFS)为1.0个月。病灶≥6 cm(或≥5 cm)较<6 cm(或<5 cm)平均OS明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后分期Ⅰ~Ⅱ期较Ⅲ~Ⅳ期平均OS明显延长(P<0.05)。位于中央的病灶较周围的病灶平均OS明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。性别、年龄(>60岁,≤60岁)、吸烟史(是/否)对疗效影响差异无统计学意义。常见不良反应包括高血压38.1%(8例)、蛋白尿23.8%(5例)、手足综合征28.6%(6例)、腹泻28.6(6例)、骨髓抑制38.1%(8例)。结论阿帕替尼治疗晚期及术后复发肺肉瘤样癌具有一定疗效,不良反应可控,病灶大小、位置及分期可能是疗效的独立影响因素。     

HBV患者血清YKL-40、CA19-9、GP73水平与其病情相关性

目的 分析HBV患者YKL-40、CA19-9、GP73水平差异及与患者病情轻重程度的相关性,探讨HBV患者病情的判定指标。方法 选取2015年5月—2018年5月收治的100例HBV患者,其中慢性HBV感染组40例、慢性乙型肝炎组36例、HBV相关肝硬化组24例,同期选择我院健康体检的健康者50例作为健康对照组;检测患者血中YKL-40、CA19-9、GP73水平;分析HBV感染患者血清YKL-40、CA19-9、GP73水平与病情轻重程度的相关性。结果 慢性HBV感染、慢性乙型肝炎及HBV相关肝硬化患者血中YKL-40水平分别为（36.38±4.19）ng/mL 、（49.02±4.32）ng/mL、（65.14±5.21）ng/mL ,CA19-9分别为（12.03±1.03）KU/L、（13.84±0.98）KU/L、（16.94±0.81）KU/L,GP73分别为（47.22±5.38）ng/mL 、（98.53±10.24）ng/mL 、（229.85±12.19）ng/mL,均明显高于对照组的（28.19±3.27）ng/mL 、（7.34±0.92）KU/L 、（30.93±3.89）ng/mL,均P=0.000 0。随着慢性HBV感染者、慢性乙型肝炎患者和不同HBV相关肝硬化患者肝脏炎症及纤维化程度加重,患者血中YKL-40、CA19-9和GP73也随之显著增加,均P=0.000 0;YKL-40、CA19-9和GP73均是影响HBV感染患者体内炎症坏死及肝脏纤维化的独立性影响因素,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 HBV感染患者血清中YKL-40、CA19-9、GP73水平是HBV感染患者病情轻重程度的独立性影响因素。     

The magnitude and timing of recalled immunity after breakthrough infection is shaped by SARS-CoV-2 variants

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