伊贝沙坦与苯那普利、卡托普利对高血压肾病患者尿总蛋白排泄量及内生肌酐清除率影响的比较

目的 :观察伊贝沙坦 (irbesartan)和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对高血压肾病患者尿总蛋白排泄量 (UPER)与内生肌酐清除率 (Ccr)的影响 ,比较不同的血管紧张素拮抗剂上述作用的差别。方法 :以序贯试验的方法选择了用伊贝沙坦或苯那普利中卡托普利治疗的高血压肾病患者共 6 6例 ,分为人数相等的 3组 ,进行了治疗前、后 3组间降压效果、UPER、Ccr的比较。结果 :伊贝沙坦了压效果与苯那普利、卡托普利相似 ,但伊贝沙坦对UPER、Ccr的效果优于苯那普利和卡托普利 ,3组比较有统计学的差异 (P <0 .0 1)。伊贝沙坦组未见于干咳现象 ,而苯那普利组及卡托普利组分别干咳发生率分别为 4 .5 %和 13.6 %。结论 :肾功能轻、中度损害的高血压肾病患者服用伊贝沙坦 ,不仅可有效降低血压 ,还可以更好地降低UPER ,提高Ccr。     

厄贝沙坦治疗高血压患者的临床效果观察

目的：观察厄贝沙坦治疗高血压患者的临床效果。方法：选择2007年1月～2009年1月来本院就诊的高血压患者200例，随机分为两组，厄贝沙坦组100例，采用厄贝沙坦治疗4周；对照组100例采用依那普利治疗，观察患者用药前后动态血压、心脏功能变化，并评价临床疗效。结果：厄贝沙坦组患者治疗总有效率为97％，均未出现明显不良反应：与对照组比较．差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05。厄贝沙坦组治疗后24h、白昼和夜间平均收缩压和舒张压与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05；用药后血压晨峰也显著降低，与治疗前比较，差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05：但与对照组间比较，差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05。结论：厄贝沙坦治疗高血压疗效满意，安全性较高，还可降低患者的心脑血管意外的风险。     

厄贝沙坦治疗缺血性心肌病临床评价

目的:评价厄贝沙坦治疗缺血性心肌病心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法:缺血性心肌病病人随机分为治疗组和对照组,其中治疗组22例(厄贝沙坦150mg,qd,PO,加常规处理),对照组20例(常规处理)。详细记录入院时和治疗4周临床症状体征、心脏彩超左室射血分数(LVEF)值及药物不良反应,观察治疗4周心功能恢复情况。结果:治疗组临床心功能改善程度较对照组大(P<0.01),治疗组LVEF改善较对照级更明显(P<0.01),两组均无咳嗽及其他显著不良反应发生。结论:厄贝沙坦能够明显改善缺血性心肌病患者心功能,可明显提高LVEF,不良反应少。     

Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in type 1 patients with diabetic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Albuminuria and hypertension are predictors of poor renal and cardiovascular outcome in patients with diabetes. Approximately 30% of type 1 patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) have albuminuria >1 g/day, and blood pressure >135 and/or >85 mmHg despite antihypertensive therapy with recommended doses of ACE inhibitor (ACEI) and diuretics. We tested the effect of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in these patients. METHODS: We performed a randomised double blind crossover trial with 2 months treatment with Irbesartan 300 mg o.d. and placebo added on top of previous antihypertensive treatment. We included 21 type 1 patients with DN responding insufficiently to ACEI and diuretics, as defined above. At the end of each treatment period, albuminuria, 24-h blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. RESULTS: Addition of 300 mg Irbesartan to the patients' usual antihypertensive therapy induced a mean reduction in albuminuria of 37% (95% CI 20-49, P<0.001); from 1574 mg/24 h (95% CI 1162-2132) to 996 mg/24 h (95% CI 699-1419), a reduction in 24-h blood pressure of 8 mmHg systolic (95% CI -2 to 18) and 5 mmHg diastolic (95% CI 1-9) (P=0.11 and 0.01, respectively) (from placebo, mean (SE) 146 (4)/80 (2) mmHg). GFR remained unchanged. Serum potassium increased (mean 4.3 to 4.6 mmol/l, P=0.02). Intervention to reduce serum potassium was needed in two patients with GFR <35 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Otherwise the dual blockade with Irbesartan was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Dual blockade of the RAS may offer additional renal and cardiovascular protection in type 1 patients with DN responding insufficiently to conventional antihypertensive therapy, including recommended doses of ACEI and diuretics.     

毛细管区带电泳法测定复方马来酸依那普利片中两组分含量

用毛细管区带电泳法同时测定复方马来酸依那普利片中两组分含量。以咖啡因为内标，２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ硼砂—２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钠（４９∶５１，ｐＨ８６）为运行缓冲液，在７ｍｉｎ内完成分离。马来酸依那普利和氢氯噻嗪的线性范围分别为８０～６４０μｇ／ｍＬ（ｒ＝０９９９９）和５０～４００μｇ／ｍＬ（ｒ＝０９９９３）。平均回收率分别为１０１０％和１０１１％，ＲＳＤ分别为１０％和１７％，ｎ＝５。     

复方卡托普利片中氢氯噻嗪的含量及均匀度测定

用紫外分光度法直接溯定复方卡托普利片中氢氯噻嗪的含量及均匀度。测定波长为272±1nm,平均回收率100.2%,变异系数0.3%,吸收度与氢氯噻嗪的浓度在1～10μg/ml 范围内具有线性关系。     

伊贝沙坦治疗老年高血压病

目的　观察伊贝沙坦和卡托普利对老年原发性高血压患者的降压作用及内生肌酐清除率 (Cr-C)的影响。方法　选择 6 8例老年原发性高血压患者 ,Cr -C在 5 0 .0ml± 19.4ml/ (min·1.73m2 ) - 1之间。随机分成伊贝沙坦组 (n =34)、卡托普利组 (n =34) ,对 2组分别进行治疗前、后降压幅度、Cr -C的比较。结果　伊贝沙坦和卡托普利对于老年原发性高血压的降压作用同样有效 ,但前者提高Cr-C的作用明显优于后者 ,2组比较有显著差异性 (P <0 .0 1)。伊贝沙坦组未见干咳现象 ,卡托普利组干咳发生率为 17.6 %。结论　伊贝沙坦不仅有良好的降压作用 ,还能较卡托普利更好地提高Cr-C、改善肾功。     

伊贝沙坦对血管紧张素Ⅱ所致心肌细胞蛋白质合成和肌球蛋白重链表达的影响

目的 观察伊贝沙坦对血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）所致心肌细胞中蛋白质合成速率及肌球蛋白重链（MHC）基因表达改变的影响.方法 以AngⅡ及伊贝沙坦分别或同时作用于培养的细胞.采用放射性同位素[^3H]-leu掺入法检测培养心肌细胞蛋白质合成速率.应用荧光定量PCR方法检测心肌细胞心房利钠肽因子（ANF）以及α-MHC、β-MHC的表达.结果 AngⅡ处理使心肌细胞中[^3H]-Leu掺人增加（P＜0.05）,同时ANF mRNA的表达明显高于正常（P＜0.05）;α-MHC mRNA的表达显著低于正常（P＜0.05）,而β-MHC mRNA的表达显著高于正常（P＜0.05）,α-MHC/β-MHC的比值下降（P＜0.05）.当伊贝沙坦与AngⅡ共同作用于培养的心肌细胞时,与AngⅡ组比较,[^3H]-Leu的掺入明显下降（P＜0.05）,与正常组比无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;同时ANF的表达下降,与正常组比无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;心肌细胞中α-MHC的表达明显增高（P＜0.05）,而β-MHCmRNA的表达显著降低（P＜0.05）,α-MHC/β-MHC的比值上升（P＜0.05）.结论 伊贝沙坦能抑制AngⅡ所致的心肌细胞肥大和细胞中α-MHC向β-MHC表达的转换.     

A comparison of labetalol and prazosin combined with atenolol in non-responders to atenolol plus hydrochlorothiazide in uncomplicated hypertension

Summary After screening two local populations in the northern part of The Netherlands for hypertension, patients with a diastolic pressure (DP) between 95 and 120 mmHg were treated daily either with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide or 100 mg atenolol. Non-responders were given the combination and if necessary the dose of atenolol was increased to 200 mg. Non-responders to the latter combination were randomized and treated either with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide and labetalol or with 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide, 200 mg atenolol and prazosin. If after 1 month a DP90 mmHg had been reached the patient was reassessed after a further 3 months. If a DP>90 mmHg was found the dose of labetalol or prazosin was increased and the patient was re-examined after 1 month.This protocol was followed until the maximum dose was reached or adverse reactions prevented a further increase in dosage.During 6 months of treatment there was a further drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressures under both regimens of, respectively, 8.6 and 2.4 mmHg for labetalol, and 7.7 and 5.0 mmHg for the prazosin group. At the end of the period the average daily doses of labetalol and prazosin were 1256 mg and 4.3 mg, respectively. There was no significant difference in the average number of complaints between the labetalol and the prazosin group.