真空微波工艺条件对香脆鳙鱼片品质的影响

研究了预脱水鱼片含水量、微波功率、真空度对真空微波加工香脆鳙鱼片品质的影响,在此基础上,采用混合正交试验进一步优化了真空微波制备香脆鳙鱼片的工艺条件。研究结果表明,适宜的水分含量和微波功率可以提高鱼片的膨化率和脆度,改善鱼片的感官品质。高真空度可以改善鱼片的膨化作用和脆性,提高微波加热的效率,很大程度上避免了鱼片出现焦黑点。最佳的真空微波加热条件是预脱水鱼片水分质量分数控制在(15.3±1)%(50℃鼓风干燥3.5 h),微波功率设定为高火档(686±3.5)W,在真空度0.095 MPa下加热12 s后,间歇摇匀后再加热10 s。     

某造船厂高温作业分级调查分析

本文以造船业高温作业分级标准规定，采用室内外温差、劳动时间率指标，参照环境辐射热强度，对某船厂１６个高温岗位进行分级调查，结果是：Ⅱ级占１２．５％，Ⅲ级占６２．５％，Ⅳ占２５．０％，未见Ⅰ级，研究为船厂高温作业分级管理提供了科学依据，并提示船体、铸锻车间中１０个作业岗位是预防高温危害的重点。     

Design and Performance of Blanket Heat Shields for Neonates

ABSTRACT. Background: Several designs of plastic blanket heat shields are in use. This study was done to compare different designs for their efficiency in reducing heat loss. Methods: Four heat shield designs were tested by sequentially covering each of 14 infants (wt. 640–2030 g) cared for under radiant warmers. The power consumption of the radiant warmers was measured as a surrogate for. heat loss. All designs were tested for a total of 20 min on all infants. Results were calculated as percent change in power consumption from shield to shield. The most efficient design was further modified and evaluated in another group of 14 infants (wt. 700–1180 g). Results: The relative reductions in power consumption were: no shield (control) –0%, a plastic foil over the side rails: –17%, a single layer close to the infant but excluding the head: –34%, the same as double layer –37% and the most efficient one, a single layer covering the whole infant –42%. A modification of this design, tested in the second group of infants, reduced power consumption by 13% (95% CI –5.9/–19.7), ( p < 0.004) when compared to the single layer covering the whole infant. It was tucked under the connecting tubes to the ventilator. It also reduced the risk for displacement and allowed for the endotracheal tube to be suctioned without removing the blanket. Conclusion: Modifications of the design of heat shield blankets for infants resulted in significant increases in efficiency.     

EGSB反应器中SRB污泥颗粒化的工艺条件

采用小试规模的EGSB反应器,接种厌氧絮状污泥,培养出SRB颗粒污泥并研究了SRB颗粒污泥形成的工艺条件与影响因素。研究表明,进水SO4^2-负荷、碳氮磷源、COD与SO4^2-质量浓度比、反应器的启动方式、水力负荷、微量元素、H2S、pH、温度等是影响SRB污泥颗粒化的主要工艺条件。     

Risk factors for wheezing in Ukrainian children: Ukraine European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood Group

The prevalence of wheezing in children varies widely around the world. The reasons for this geographic variability remain unclear but may be related in part to exposures in the home environment during pregnancy and early childhood. We investigated the prenatal and early childhood risk factors for wheezing symptoms among 2127 children aged 6–8 years who were participants in the Ukrainian component of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC). Cases included the 169 children whose parents answered yes to the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC) question: 'Has your child had wheezing or whistling in the chest in the past 12 months' during the ELSPAC assessment of the children at age 7. These were compared with the 1861 children in the cohort whose parents answered 'no' to this question.
Factors significantly associated with increased risk of wheezing illness at age 7 in adjusted analyses included mother's asthma [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22, 9.85]; mother's allergy problems (OR 1.43, [1.00, 2.05]); rarely playing with other children at age 3 (OR 1.84, [1.09, 3.11]); water intrusion (OR 1.62, [1.09, 2.39]) and inadequate heating of the home (OR 1.52, [1.06, 2.16]) during pregnancy. Factors protective of wheezing at age 7 included being first-born (adjusted OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50, 0.98); living in the city of Dniprodzerzynsk as compared with Kyiv (OR 0.36, [0.24, 0.54]) and weekly contact with furry animals (OR 0.44, [0.20, 0.97]) before age 3. The constellation of risk factors for wheezing in Ukrainian children is similar to that of children in other parts of the world. Known risk factors do not account for the significant between-city variability of wheezing in Ukrainian children.     

The potential of mild testicular heating as a safe, effective and reversible contraceptive method for men

A preliminary assessment of the contraceptive efficacy of a daily mild increase (1–2°c) in testicular temperature during waking hours is reported in nine couples using two techniques of non-surgical fixation of the testes close to the inguinal canal. With technique 1, immobilization was achieved by passing the penis and the empty scrotum through a hole made in close-fitting underwear; there was one pregnancy, hm a man who stopped the heating after 7 weeks, for 42 cycles of exposure in three couples. With technique 2, immobilization was achieved by adding a ring of soft material surrounding the hole in the underwear; there was no pregnancy for 117 cycles of exposure in six couples. Reversibility and safety were assessed. These preliminary results suggest that a daily mild increase in testicular temperature could be a potential contraceptive method for men.     

婴儿培养箱基本性能研究与改进

根据对婴儿培养箱多年的临床使用与维修体会,阐述了婴儿培养箱基本性能要求,并指出现行的此类设备存在的问题,及具体改进方法。     

纳米银应用于软衬材料的抗菌性实验研究

目的评价热固化型硅橡胶软衬材料中加入纳米银颗粒后的抗菌效果及对软衬剂和基托树脂结合强度的影响。方法体外实验对比热固化型硅橡胶软衬剂lucisoft分别添加纳米银颗粒、制霉菌素、米康唑制成标准试件后1周、2周、3周通过培养方法监测软衬剂对白色念珠菌抗菌性及时相关系,用电子万能材料测试机检测添加纳米银颗粒后粘结强度的变化。结果热固化型硅橡胶软衬剂lucisoft加入纳米银前后抗菌效果有明显差异(P<0.01),抗菌性随时间无明显改变(P>0.05),加入制霉菌素,米康唑后抗菌效果有明显差异(P<0.01),但随时间变化抗菌性明显减低(P<0.01),软衬剂中加入纳米银前后结合强度无明显改变(P>0.05)。结论在热固化型橡胶软衬材料中加入纳米银颗粒后的抗菌性及时效明显提高,软衬剂和基托树脂粘结强度未受影响,提示热固化型硅橡胶软衬材料中加入纳米银颗粒可作为预防义齿性口炎的积极措施。     

Heating pattern of helical microwave intracavitary oesophageal applicator

Helical microwave intracavitary oesophageal (HMIO) applicators were designed to operate at frequencies of 433 MHz and 915 MHz. Heating patterns were studied within muscle-equivalent phantom by thermographic camera and fibreoptic thermometers. The results showed that frequency significantly influenced the microwave heating pattern. The 433 MHz applicator had a single power deposition region, the longitudinal specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution appeared to be nearly even, and the maximum SAR value occurred close to the centre of the active length of the applicator. The 915 MHz applicator had two power deposition regions, the peak SAR values occurred at about 1/4 and 3/4 of the active length respectively, The radial SAR distribution suggested that there is no obvious difference between the 433 MHz and 915 MHz applicators in that the average radial penetration of 50% surface SAR (RP50) was about 0.65 cm. It was also shown that power deposition was axially symmetric for both 433 MHz and 915 MHz HMIO applicators. It is shown that better impedance matching is more important for intracavitary hyperthermia than for external hyperthermia. Choosing HMIO applicators in clinical practice is also discussed.