重症心源性肺水肿伴休克患者的机械通气治疗

目的研究重症心源性肺水肿伴休克患者机械通气(MV)治疗时通气压力的选择对预后的影响。方法将符合标准的22例患者分为两组对照组9例,常规给予较低通气压力和加强药物治疗;治疗组13例,适当增加通气压力。观察血压、临床症状和动脉血气的变化。结果调整MV后30分钟时,治疗组收缩压迅速由(95±12)mmHg升至(130±15)mmHg(P<0.001),呼吸频率(RR)由(38±11)次/min降至(27±6)次/min(P<0.005),心率(HR)由(126±15)次/min降至(105±12)次/min(P<0.001);对照组上述指标变化不明显。2小时后治疗组的升压药用量减少(70±15)%,对照组则增加(20±5)%;同时在吸氧浓度不变的情况下,治疗组的PaO2由(81±12)mmHg升至(140±15)mmHg(P<0.001),明显高于对照组PaO2的改善。24~48小时内治疗组11例患者(85%)停用升压药,对照组2例(22%)停用。最终治疗组100%的患者好转出院,对照组为45%(P<0.05)。结论与低压力通气相比,适当增加MV通气压力不仅可迅速改善重症心源性水肺肿伴休克患者的低氧血症,也可迅速升高血压,改善心功能,降低病死率。     

Effect of external high-frequency oscillation on severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Effective gas exchange can be maintained in animals without endotracheal intubation using external high-frequency oscillation (EHFO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of EHFO in patients with respiratory failure due to severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Seven patients were ventilated with EHFO for 2h at 60 oscillations·min⁻¹, with a cuiras pressure of 36 cmH₂O (−26 to +10) and an inspiratory to expiratory ratio of 1:1, with EHFO. Blood gas values and hemodynamic parameters were measured. Significant increases were noted in cardiac index (2.3±0.5 to 2.5±0.5 l·m⁻²;P<0.05), stroke volume index (24±7 to 28±8 ml·m⁻²;P<0.05), and arterial O₂ pressure (Pao₂) (70±4 to 95±23 mmHg;P<0.01) without a change in pulmonary artery wedge pressure at 1 h after EHFO. The respiratory rate decreased from 28±3 to 22 ±3 breaths·min⁻¹ at 5 min after the termination of EHFO (P <0.01). Arterial CO₂ pressure (Paco₂) did not, however, decrease. Increased stroke volume without a change in pulmonary artery wedge pressure (preload) suggests either improved inotropic function of the left ventricle or reduced left ventricular afterload with EHFO. The use of EHFO may be effective not only for gas exchange but also for left ventricular function in patients with severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema.     

肝硬化合并低氧血症26例临床研究

目的 对２６例肝硬化合并低氧血症患者进行血气分析,探讨肝硬化合并低氧血症的发病机理及发生率。方法 用美国生产的ＩＬ１３０６型血气分析仪,测定２６例肝硬化患者及８例正常人动脉血中ＰａＯ２、ＳａＯ２、ＰａＣＯ２及ｐＨ值。比较两组之间的差异。结果 研究组与对照组比较,研究组ＰａＯ２明显下降,Ｐ〈０．０１,研究组中低氧血症的发生率达５３．８％。结论 肝硬化如出现并发症或肝贮备功能下降者合并低氧血症发生率明     

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

Failure of the normal circulatory adaptation to extrauterine life results in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Although this condition is most often secondary to parenchymal lung disease or lung hypoplasia, it may also be idiopathic. PPHN is characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance with resultant right-to-left shunting of blood and hypoxemia. Although the preliminary diagnosis of PPHN is often based on differential cyanosis and labile hypoxemia, the diagnosis is confirmed by echocardiography. Management strategies include optimal lung recruitment and use of surfactant in patients with parenchymal lung disease, maintaining optimal oxygenation and stable blood pressures, avoidance of respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, and pulmonary vasodilator therapy. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is considered when medical management fails. Although mortality associated with PPHN has decreased significantly with improvements in medical care, there remains the potential risk for neurodevelopmental disability which warrants close follow-up of affected infants after discharge.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者睡眠时低氧血症的发生和预测

目的 研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患睡眠时低氧血症的发生与否及机制。方法对３０例ＣＯＰＤ患白天肺功能、动脉血气及夜间血氧水平与正常对照组（８名）进行比较和分析。结果 ＣＯＰＤ患睡眠时血氧水平较正常人明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０５），尤以快动眼睡眠期（ＲＥＭ期）显，无论夜间平均血氧饱和度（ＭＳａＯ２）还是夜间最低血氧饱和度（ＭｍＳａＯ２），下降程度均明显高于正常人（Ｐ〈０．０５）。从血氧分布情况     

Prone position combined with high-flow nasal oxygen could benefit spontaneously breathing,severe COVID-19 patients: A case report

BACKGROUNDSince the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the overall fatality rate of severe and critical patients with COVID-19 is high and the effective therapy is limited. CASE SUMMARYIn this case report, we describe a case of the successful combination of the prone position (PP) and high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy in a spontaneously breathing, severe COVID-19 patient who presented with fever, fatigue and hypoxemia and was diagnosed by positive throat swab COVID-19 RNA testing. The therapy significantly improved the patient''s clinical symptoms, oxygenation status, and radiological characteristics of lung injury during hospitalization, and the patient showed good tolerance and avoided intubation. Additionally, we did not find that medical staff wearing optimal airborne personal protective equipment (PPE) were infected by the new coronavirus in our institution.CONCLUSIONWe conclude that the combination of PP and HFNO could benefit spontaneously breathing, severe COVID-19 patients. The therapy does not increase risk of healthcare workers wearing optimal airborne PPE to become infected with virus particles.     

俯卧位肺复张对改善重症肺部感染低氧血症患者氧合指数肺内分流作用及对血流动力学的影响分析

目的:探讨俯卧位肺复张对改善重症肺部感染低氧血症患者氧合指数、肺内分流的作用及对血流动力学的影响。方法:选取本院2011年10月至2013年12月诊治的重症肺部感染低氧血症患者52例,采用随机数字表法分为两组,26例患者实施仰卧位肺复张为对照组,26例患者实施俯卧位肺复张为观察组,比较两组患者基础指标的改变情况、氧合指数与肺内分流状况、血流动力学指标的改变情况、不良反应情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者血氧饱和度、氧合指数均显著增加,而Qs/QT均显著降低。观察组患者血氧饱和度、氧合指数均明显高于对照组,观察组患者Qs/QT明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺复张时,两组患者中心静脉压、心脏排血指数、每博指数、全心舒张期末容积指数、全心射血分数均显著降低,而全身血管阻力均显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:俯卧位肺复张可明显改善重症肺部感染低氧血症患者的氧合指数,可有效减少肺内分流,对血流动力学的影响较轻,不良反应少且安全性高,值得临床推广使用。