Effects of box handle position and carrying range on bi-manual carrying capacity for females

This study utilizes a psychophysical approach to examine the effects on carrying capacity for bi-manual carrying tasks involving different handle positions and carrying ranges. A total of 16 female subjects participated in the experiment in groups of two people, and each group of subjects performed the tasks in a random order with 12 different combinations of carrying task. The independent variables are handle position (upper, middle, lower) and carrying range (F–F: floor height carried to floor height, F–W: floor height carried to waist height, W–W: waist height carried to waist height, W–F: waist height carried to floor height), the dependent variable is the maximum acceptable carried weight (MAWC), heart rate (HR), and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The results show that the handle position has a significant effect on MAWC and overall RPE but no significant effect on HR. Carrying range has a significant effect on the MAWC and HR, but no significant effect on overall HR. The handle position and carrying range have a significant interaction on the MAWC and HR. The RPE for different body parts shows significant differences, and the hands feel the most tired. Overall, this study confirms that the lower handle position with the W–W carrying range is the best combination for a two-person carrying task.     

Analysis of the effects of surface stiffness on the contact interaction between a finger and a cylindrical handle using a three-dimensional hybrid model

Contact interactions between the hand and handle, such as the contact surface softness and contact surface curvature, will affect both physical effort and musculoskeletal fatigue, thereby the comfort and safety of power tool operations. Previous models of hand gripping can be categorized into two groups: multi-body dynamic models and finite element (FE) models. The goal of the current study is to develop a hybrid FE hand gripping model, which combines the features of conventional FE models and multi-body dynamic models. The proposed model is applied to simulate hand-gripping on a cylindrical handle with covering materials of different softness levels. The model included three finger segments (distal, middle, and proximal phalanxes), three finger joints (the distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint), and major anatomical substructures. The model was driven by joint moments, which are the net effects of all passive and active muscular forces acting about the joints. The finger model was first calibrated by using experimental data of human subject tests, and then applied to investigate the effects of surface softness on contact interactions between a finger and a cylindrical handle. Our results show that the maximal compressive stress and strain in the soft tissues of the fingers can be effectively reduced by reducing the stiffness of the covering material.     

氯沙坦和手把区域多肽对左旋谷氨酸钠大鼠血清胰岛素与胰高血糖素样肽-1的影响

目的通过氯沙坦、手把区域多肽(HRP)干预左旋谷氨酸钠(MSG)诱导的肥胖大鼠,比较大鼠不同状态下激素调控对血糖的影响。方法新生SD雄性大鼠出生后第2、4、6、8、10天皮下注射MSG,正常对照组(CON组)注射生理盐水。3周断奶后,MSG干预的大鼠随机分为MSG组、MSG+HRP组、MSG氯沙坦组(MSG+L组)、MSG+HRP+L组,予高脂饲料喂养,CON组则予基础饲料喂养。8周龄MSG+HRP组和MSG+HRP+L组以微泵泵入HRP,MSG+L组和MSG+HRP+L组予氯沙坦溶于大鼠饮水中。12周测大鼠体重、体长、脂肪湿重了解大鼠肥胖情况,通过OGTT评估大鼠血糖水平;ELISA法检测血清Insulin、Glucagon、GLP-1及Ghrelin空腹及糖负荷后30、60、120 min的水平。结果 (1)与CON组比较,MSG大鼠Lee’s指数、脂肪湿重明显增加,体长明显变小(P<0.05)。MSG+L及MSG+HRP+L组与MSG组比较,体重显著下降(P<0.05)。(2)MSG+HRP组OGTT血糖曲线下面积(AUC)大于CON和MSG组;MSG+L组小于MSG+HRP及MSG+HRP+L组(P<0.05)。(3)与CON组比较,其余四组Insulin、Glucagon、GLP-1水平在空腹状态、糖负荷后30 min、60 min均显著下降(P<0.05)。AUC结果显示,其余四组Insulin、Glucagon、GLP-1的AUC均小于CON组(P<0.05);MSG+HRP组Insulin、GLP-1的AUC均小于MSG组(P<0.05),而MSG+L组Insulin、GLP-1的AUC大于MSG组(P<0.05);且AUCInsulin与AUCGLP-1呈正相关(r=0.924,P<0.01);而MSG干预大鼠的四组之间AUCGlucagon无差异。(4)AUCGhrelin结果显示,MSG+HRP+L组AUC大于CON组(P<0.05)。AUCInsulin与AUCGhrelin无相关性。结论氯沙坦通过促进雄性MSG大鼠GLP-1分泌增加胰岛素水平而改善血糖状态,HRP则减少GLP-1分泌而减少胰岛素水平。     

护生临床实习护理技术操作机会减少的原因分析及对策

根据目前临床护理教学过程中,护生护理技术操作机会减少的情况,从护生自身、带教老师、患者等方面分析其原因,并找出相应的对策,增加护生的操作机会,取得较好的效果。     

针刺对糖尿病小鼠脑内NOS表达的影响

目的 :本研究探讨一氧化氮 (NO)在糖尿病神经病变发病机制中的作用及针刺的效应。方法 :用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素 (Streptozotocin ,STZ)建立糖尿病动物模型 ,采用免疫组织化学方法观察糖尿病小鼠脑内神经原性一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS)免疫阳性神经元在脑内的分布。结果 :糖尿病可引起小鼠脑内各区 (包括大脑皮层、海马、下丘脑和杏仁核 )nNOS免疫阳性神经元表达增多 ,大脑皮层和杏仁核内的nNOS表达增加有显著性意义 ,在杏仁核和梨状皮质过度区也有大量nNOS阳性神经元分布 ,而针刺能抑制糖尿病引起的nNOS免疫阳性神经元表达的增加 ,这种抑制作用在大脑皮层和杏仁核具有显著性意义。另外在糖尿病小鼠的海马、下丘脑中可见到nNOS阳性神经元 ,也较正常组多 ,针刺右侧“太溪”对nNOS阳性神经元的增加也有一定的抑制作用 ,但均未达显著性意义。结论 :糖尿病可增加脑内nNOS免疫阳性神经元表达 ,针刺可抑制这种nNOS阳性神经元的增加 ,有类似NOS抑制剂的作用 ,可拮抗nNOS的神经毒性     

G．T．F．柄人工髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折（Evans—Ⅲ型）疗效分析

目的探讨G．T．F．柄人工髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折（EvansⅢ型）的疗效。方法研究高龄股骨转子间骨折,根据股骨转子间骨折Evans分型,对EvansⅢ型中17例（男性6例,女性11例）患者采用G．T．F柄骨水泥型半髋关节置换治疗。结果17例3—24个月随访,切口均一期愈合,围手术期无一例死亡。Harris关节功能评分平均95分。结论G．T．F．柄半髋关节置换为临床治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折（EvansⅢ型）提供了一种疗效肯定的治疗方法。     

Handle with care

In response to the significant number and severity of work-related back injuries and other musculoskeletal disorders among nurses, the American Nurses Association (ANA) has launched the Handle With Care campaign. The campaign seeks to build a health care industry-wide effort to prevent back and other musculoskeletal injuries. This is being done through developing partnerships and coalitions, education and training, increasing use of assistive equipment and patient-handling devices, reshaping nursing education to incorporate safe patient-handling, and pursuing federal and state ergonomics policy by highlighting technology-oriented safe-patient handling benefits for patients and nurses. In the absence of national-or state-level ergonomics regulations that protect health care workers, the ANA has taken on alternative approaches to encourage a movement toward controling ergonimic hazards in the health care workplace and preventing back injuries among the nation's nursing workforce.     

铁屑处理镀铬废水的动力学影响因素

本文介绍了铁屑处理镀铬废水中六价铬的反应动力学影响因素。结果表明在固－液比Ｍ／Ｖ＝１．５ｇ／ｍｌ；温度Ｔ＝２０℃；铁屑粒径Ｄ＝１．０－２．０ｍｍ；活化时间Ｔａ＝２０ｍｉｎ的条件下，Ｋ值保持稳定，反应进行得最快，出水水质达到国家排放标准。     

A 7-year-old Boy with an Abdominal Wall Hernia and Ischemia of the Left Leg after a Bicycle Handle Bar Injury

Abstract Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is a rare event. We describe a 7-year-old boy in whom this rare injury was combined with a traumatic dissection of the external iliac artery. The hernia was corrected by primary repair, the dissection by resection of the injured part and endto-end anastomosis.     

用铁屑处理镀铬废水过程中接触时间对处理效果的影响

本文就铁屑处理镀铬废水中接触时间对处理效果的影响进行研究，结果表明：当接触时间达１５～２０ｍｉｎ时，出水水质可达国家排放标准，同时活化后的铁屑再经稀土盐处理，其接触时间可明显缩短，但机理有待进一步研究。