广州地区高校医学生自主学习差异性研究

目的 了解广州地区医学生自主学习情况,分析影响广州地区医学生自主学习的要素,探讨提高医学生自主学习能力的策略。方法 采用自编的《医学生自主学习问卷》对广州市6所高等院校的2 480名医学生进行分层抽样调查。采用SPSS 22.0统计软件对资料进行统计学分析。结果 医学生专业与自主学习频率（χ²=21.33,P<0.001）、性别与自主学习有效性（χ²=4.86,P=0.027）、学年制与自主学习必要性认知（χ²=4.65,P=0.031）、家庭指导与自主学习方法选择能力适宜性的差异有统计学意义（χ²=32.43,P<0.001）。结论 学校、个人和家庭共同影响医学生的自主学习,三方应该相互协作,提高医学生自主学习能力,培育具备终身学习能力的高素质医学人才。     

Wheezing in Chinese schoolchildren: disease severity distribution and management practices, a community-based study in Hong Kong and Guangzhou

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common chronic disease and information on its management practices at the community level is helpful in identifying problems and improving asthma care. OBJECTIVE: To assess the severity status and management of the asthma symptom of wheeze of children at the community level in Hong Kong (HK) and Guangzhou (GZ). METHODS: Cross-sectional study of children aged 10 years using the International Study of Asthma and Allergic disease in Childhood (ISAAC Phase II protocol). Asthma management and lung function were assessed in 178 (98 from HK and 80 from GZ) randomly selected children with wheeze over the past 12 months. RESULTS: Eighty-three percent, 11%, 6% and 0% of children suffered from intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent and severe persistent asthma, respectively, according to the frequency of their symptoms. Addition of spirometric parameter only changed the asthma severity classification in 2.8% of children. Medications were used by 30.6% and 71.3% of children for wheeze in HK and GZ, respectively. In HK, inhaled beta(2)-agonist (73.3% among the drug users) was the commonest medication used followed by inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) (23.3%). In GZ, inhaled beta(2)-agonist was used by 75.4% of children, but use of ICS (26.3%), oral beta(2)-agonist (26.3%), oral theophylline (45.6%), oral ketotifen (36.8%) and oral steroid (35.1%) were also common. ICS was only used by 11.4% of children with persistent asthma. Ten percent and 18.7% of children in HK and GZ, respectively, had emergency department visits, while 16.3% and 11.6% of children in HK and GZ, respectively, had missed school secondary to asthma over the past 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Most children in the community had intermittent asthma and addition of lung function to symptoms did not significantly affect classification of asthma severity. Significant morbidity was seen even in this group of children with mostly intermittent and mild persistent asthma.     

广州市海珠区3~12岁儿童身高调查及影响因素分析

目的:了解广州市海珠区儿童身高发育情况,分析其影响因素。方法:随机抽取海珠区904名3~12岁儿童进行体格测量,对家长进行问卷调查,获得儿童身高及其影响因素的相关数据。结果:3~5岁组男、女童,6~岁组男童,7~8岁组男、女童,9~岁组男童的身高均值均低于全国水平(P<0.05)。当前身高低于遗传身高的儿童占21.6%;与遗传身高一致占65%;高于遗传身高的占13.4%。母亲身高,体型是否肥胖,经常吃钙片、喝牛奶,慢性疾病史,每天运动时间为身高的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:广州市海珠区儿童身高发育的整体水平较低,大部分儿童没有发挥身高的生长潜能,应重视环境因素对身高的影响,采取相应干预措施,促进儿童身高增长。     

Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its subtypes in community-dwelling residents aged 65 years or older in Guangzhou,China

BackgroundPrevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been reported substantial variations, and mostly in Western countries. Less is known about MCI in the south of China. The study is to estimate the prevalence of MCI and its subtypes in residents aged 65 year or older in community-dwelling residents of Guangzhou, China.MethodsThe study was a community-based, cross-sectional study conducted in rural and urban areas of Guangzhou between April and October 2009. Eight communities were randomly selected using a cluster sampling method. Each elderly was interviewed with Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Mini-Mental state examination, Auditory Verbal Learning Test, the Clinical Dementia Rating scale et al. MCI was classified as amnestic MCI (a-MCI) or nonamnestic MCI (na-MCI).Results2427 individuals were contacted, but in-person interviews were conducted with 2111 participants. 299 participants with MCI were identified. The prevalence of MCI, a-MCI and na-MCI was 14.2%, 12.2%, 2.0% respectively. The prevalence of MCI and a-MCI increased with age, decreased with education level, and was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The difference of prevalence of MCI and a-MCI between women with men wasn't statistically significant(MCIχ2 = 1.0, OR 0.9, 95%CI = 0.6-1.2; a-MCIχ2 = 1.0, OR 0.9, 95%CI = 0.6–1.2), when controlling for education by logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsThe results suggest that 14.2% of elderly individuals are affected by MCI in Guangzhou, China. And MCI was dominated by a-MCI. The prevalence of MCI and a-MCI increased with age, decreased with education level, and was higher in the rural population compared to the urban population.     

广州市某三甲医院护士睡眠质量状况

目的:研究广州市某三甲医院护士睡眠质量的状况,分析影响其睡眠质量的因素,提出相应的对策,从而提高护士的睡眠质量,促进护士的身心健康。方法:采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)及自制一般情况调查表,以广州市某三甲医院护士为研究对象,采用整群抽样方法对该院206名在职护士进行问卷调查资料收集,并进行统计学分析。结果:1该院PSQI7分者共69人(33.5%),PSQI平均得分(6.72±3.27),与常模比较差异显著(t=20.84,P0.05);2不同科室的护士在入睡时间、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍及PSQI总分差异显著(F=3.903,5.543,2.448,3.079;P0.05),其他4个因子的比较上,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:该院临床护士整体睡眠质量差,应采取有效措施进行干预,以提高他们的身心健康水平。     

广州市老城区慢性病患者健康促进生活方式及影响因素研究

背景　慢性病是全世界尤其是发展中国家面临的重要健康风险,而不健康的生活方式是慢性病的主要诱因之一。国内外研究证明,提高健康促进生活方式水平有利于拓展慢性病患者健康潜能,改善病情及延缓并发症发生,提高其生活质量。目的　了解广州市老城区慢性病患者健康促进生活方式现状,以及社会经济特征和社区卫生服务利用情况对慢性病患者健康促进生活方式的影响,为社区卫生服务机构开展健康教育和慢性病管理提供依据。方法　2017年11月-2018年1月采用多阶段随机抽样法选取广州市4区共12家社区卫生服务机构的750例慢性病患者,采用健康促进生活方式量表第2版修订本（HPLP-ⅡR）及自行设计的社区卫生服务利用调查表对慢性病患者进行问卷调查。结果　共发放调查问卷750份,回收有效问卷697份,问卷有效回收率为92.9%。慢性病患者的健康促进生活方式标准化得分为72.02分,营养、人际关系、健康责任、压力管理、体育运动、精神成长6维度的标准化得分分别为81.33、78.40、71.73、71.00、62.63、71.15分。年龄≤65岁慢性病患者健康促进生活方式优于>65岁者（P<0.05）;受教育水平和经济收入是健康促进生活方式的正向影响因素（P<0.05）;年龄≤65岁慢性病患者营养、人际关系、压力管理、体育运动、精神成长5维度得分优于>65岁者（P<0.05）;受教育程度是营养、健康责任、精神成长3维度的正向影响因素（P<0.05）;个人月均收入对压力管理和体育运动2维度有正面影响（P<0.05）;多种慢性病患者健康责任优于1种慢性病患者（P<0.05）,但精神成长不如后者（P<0.05）;接受过全科医生健康教育和慢性病随访服务的患者,健康促进生活方式总分和健康责任、体育运动维度得分优于未接受组（P<0.05）。结论　广州市慢性病患者健康促进生活方式处于良好水平。年龄>65岁、受教育程度小学及以下、个人月均收入≤2 000元是健康促进生活方式干预的重点对象;精神成长、压力管理及体育运动是健康促进生活方式的重点干预维度;社区卫生服务机构提供的健康教育和慢性病随访服务是有效的健康促进生活方式干预手段。