Estimation of bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in pregnant women,fetuses and nonpregnant women in Eastern Townships of Canada

We determined bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations of 61 pregnant women (PW), their fetuses and 26 nonpregnant women (NPW) in Eastern Townships of Canada; and evaluated potential correlations between maternal and fetal blood, and between peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid. In PW, BPA levels were ranged from non-detected to 4.46 ng/ml and from non-detected to 4.60 ng/ml for maternal and fetal serum, respectively. In NPW, BPA levels were ranged from 1.30 to 8.17 ng/ml and from 0.19 to 13.45 ng/ml for serum and peritoneal fluid, respectively. Positive correlation was found between maternal and fetal serum, and between serum and peritoneal fluid. In conclusion, our findings highlight a continuous distribution of BPA between the mother and its fetus and reveal a role of pregnancy in underestimating the actual levels of blood BPA. Our study also provides a temporal-spatial reference on BPA exposure, which is a useful tool in monitoring, comparing and correcting.     

氯化汞对金黄地鼠胚胎发育的影响

目的 探讨氯化汞(HgCl2)对金黄地鼠胚胎发育的影响.方法 实验组于妊娠第6天开始经口灌服不同浓度的氯化汞水溶液,连续灌服5d,对照组在同一时间经口灌服蒸馏水.于孕第14天处死取胎,计录活胎数、死胎数、吸收胎数、植入数、畸形数,对活胎逐个检查外观并称重,测量其顶臀长;用HE染色方法对第8,9,10天胎鼠神经管进行形态学观察.结果 与对照组比较,经口灌服2mg/kg体重的氯化汞水溶液,对金黄地鼠胚胎体重和顶臀长的影响无显著差异,3mg/kg体重和4mg/kg体重的氯化汞水溶液对金黄地鼠胚胎的发育有一定的抑制作用,随着氯化汞剂量的增加,体重相应降低,但各实验组均未发现胎鼠畸形,HE染色结果显示,神经管形态与对照组相比无显著差异.结论 氯化汞对金黄地鼠胚胎发育有一定抑制作用,未检测到各种畸形.     

216例胎儿泌尿系畸形超声诊断分析

目的探讨超声诊断胎儿泌尿系统畸形声像图特征和临床应用价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对产前诊断为泌尿系统畸形的胎儿进行图像分析并与产后结果对照研究。结果胎儿泌尿系统畸形216例,其中肾积水176例,婴儿型多囊肾6例,成人型多囊肾5例,多囊性发育不良肾19例,肾缺如6例,盆腔异位肾2例,重复肾2例。结论产前超声（彩色多普勒）在诊断胎儿泌尿系统畸形上是一种成熟的影像技术,对胎儿预后判断,指导临床医生及时采取相应产前措施,对优生优育和新生儿早期治疗均有十分重要的临床实际意义。     

胎儿动脉导管异常的超声心动图检查及分析

目的 胎儿动脉导管（DA）异常的超声心动图检查及分析。方法 回顾性分析产前诊断DA异常的70胎资料。二维超声结合彩色多普勒扫查胎儿四腔心切面、左右心室流出道切面、三血管切面及三血管-气管切面等横断面,扫查腔静脉长轴切面、主动脉弓切面及动脉导管弓切面等矢状面。观察DA的走行及与其他大血管的空间位置关系。结果 胎儿DA异常主要由DA缺如、DA功能异常及DA形态异常3类。70胎DA异常中,9胎DA缺如,8胎DA早闭,11胎DA即将闭合,9胎DA逆行灌注血流,33胎DA走行纡曲伴扩张。结论 产前诊断胎儿DA缺如及DA功能性改变意义重大。三血管-气管切面及动脉导管弓切面结合CDFI扫查可明确诊断。     

扩散加权成像评价胎儿轻度侧脑室扩张

目的 探讨ADC值对胎儿轻度侧脑室扩张的诊断价值。方法 对15胎轻度侧脑室扩张胎儿（侧脑室扩张组）及15胎侧脑室无扩张的胎儿（对照组）行DWI扫描,测量双侧额叶、顶叶、颞叶、枕叶白质、基底核、丘脑及小脑ADC值,比较2组各脑区ADC值差异及轻度侧脑室扩张胎儿左侧及右侧各脑区ADC值的差异。分析所有胎儿各脑区ADC值与孕周的相关性、侧脑室扩张胎儿侧脑室宽度与孕周的相关性。结果 与对照组比较,轻度侧脑室扩张组双侧额叶、双侧顶叶白质ADC值下降（P均<0.05）。侧脑室扩张胎儿左侧与右侧各脑区ADC值差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。相关分析显示所有胎儿双侧枕叶、双侧基底核区、双侧丘脑、双侧小脑及左侧颞叶ADC值与孕周呈负相关,侧脑室扩张胎儿侧脑室宽度与孕周呈正相关（r=0.635,P=0.011）。结论 轻度侧脑室扩张胎儿额叶、顶叶ADC值下降,ADC值对检测潜在脑部损伤较敏感,有助于诊断胎儿侧脑室扩张。     

NST胎心率评分与胎儿预后的观察

应用胎心电子监护仪腹壁监测法对１３４例孕妇进行常规ＮＳＴ测试，对测试图形进行评分及分组，同时对新生儿出生Ａｐｇａｒ评分及预后等方面进行观察。结果：反应型组１０８例，新生儿窒息率１０．３％，窒息复苏较易，预后良好。无反应型组４例，新生儿窒息率１００％，窒息复苏较难，预后差。可疑型组２２例，新生儿窒息率３１．８％，预后介于前两组之间。提示ＮＳＴ测试能反应胎儿宫内情况及胎儿储备能力，根据ＮＳＴ测试评分结合具体情况，给予积极处理，对降低围产儿死亡率有实用价值。     

Paternal exposure to cigarette smoke condensate leads to reproductive sequelae and developmental abnormalities in the offspring of mice

Paternal smoking is associated with infertility, birth defects and childhood cancers. Our earlier studies using cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) demonstrated several deleterious changes in male germ cells. Here, we hypothesize that chronic paternal exposure to CSC causes molecular and phenotypic changes in the sire and the offspring, respectively. In this mouse study, CSC caused DNA damage and cytotoxicity in testes via accumulation of benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]P) and cotinine. Decreased expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha (Gadd45a), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) was seen in CSC exposed testes. Apoptotic germ cell death was detected by induction of Fas, FasL, and activated caspase-3. The CSC-exposed males displayed reduction in sperm motility and fertilizing ability and sired pups with reduced body weight and crown-rump length, and smaller litter size with higher numbers of resorption. This model of CSC exposure demonstrates testicular toxicity and developmental defects in the offspring.     

Hypothalamic dopamine may play a role in inducing prolactin in pituitary cells

The effects of hypothalamic dopamine on the functional differentiation of prolactin cells was investigated in the developing rat brain. The treatment of pregnant rats with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor) resulted in a noticeable decrease of dopamine concentration in the hypothalamus at birth and at 5 days of age of offspring. Moreover, treatment with this regimen caused a marked decrease in the population of prolactin cells and in the production of prolactin at birth and at 5 days of age of offspring. It seems, then, that hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons precede the functional differentiation of prolactin cells in the developing brains and that hypothalamic dopamine may play an important role in producing prolactin in the anterior pituitary during development.     

Tolerance intervals for standards in ultrasound measurements: determination of BPD standards

Standards for the relationship between BPD and gestational age are used for the assessment of fetal size. We measured the BPD in 310 women with exact gestational age in a cross-sectional study. Two types of BPD charts were constructed based on tolerance intervals: directly from measurements and after model fitting. We found that the tolerance intervals based on the model are smoother and narrower than those achieved by direct determinations. The fit, advantages, and prospects of the model are discussed.