鼻腔泪囊吻合术中填充美乐胶治疗小泪囊泪囊炎

目的：观察美乐胶(MeroGel)在经鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术(EN-DCR)治疗小泪囊泪囊炎的疗效。

方法：选取2014-06/2018-12我院收治的小泪囊泪囊炎患者185例185眼,鼻腔泪囊吻合术(DCR)中分别使用MeroGel、明胶海绵、膨胀海绵和凡士林纱条,观察各组患者术后并发症和造口恢复情况。

结果：使用MeroGel的患者术后眼角和鼻腔渗血少,后期复查无痛苦,造口恢复情况较其他各组更佳(P<0.05)。

结论：MeroGel减少了DCR术后渗血,同时其可降解性有助于EN-DCR术后造口黏膜上皮化,尤其在小泪囊泪囊炎术后,能抑制造口粘连及周边肉芽组织增生,大大提高小泪囊泪囊炎的成功率,相比于其他填塞材料,使用MeroGel后并发症更少,患者更舒适。     

皮桥袢式回肠造口在腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术中应用价值研究

目的 探讨皮桥袢式回肠造口方法在腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年6月在长江大学附属荆州医院结直肠肛门外科因低位直肠癌行腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术联合回肠造口80例病人资料。根据回肠造口方式不同分为皮桥袢式回肠造口组（40例）和传统袢式回肠造口组（40例）。比较两组病人术后造口相关并发症及满意度的差异。结果 皮桥袢式回肠造口组和传统袢式回肠造口组病人比较，基本资料差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），手术操作时间、造口旁疝及造口处伤口感染发生率差异无统计学意义［（21.1±3.3）min vs.（21.2±3.8）min，15.0%（6/40）vs.17.5%（7/40），0（0/40）vs .2.5%（1/40），P均>0.05］；皮桥袢式回肠造口组在术后VAS评分、DET评分及皮肤黏膜分离发生率均较传统袢式回肠造口组下降［（0.8±0.7）vs.（2.5±1.4），（1.8±1.5）vs.（6.4±3.6），2.5%（1/40）vs.62.5%（25/40），P均<0.05］；两组病人术后均未出现造口脱垂、造口回缩、造口狭窄；护士及病人对造口满意度评分调查比较，皮桥袢式回肠造口组均高于传统袢式回肠造口组［（2.9±0.3）vs.（2.6±0.5），（2.4±0.7）vs.（2.0±0.7），P均<0.05］。结论 皮桥袢式回肠造口在腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术中较传统袢式回肠造口更具优势，可显著减少术后造口相关并发症及增加护士、病人满意度。     

长效抗菌敷料在肠造口所致周围皮肤瘙痒患者中的应用效果

目的 探讨长效抗菌敷料在肠造口所致造口周围皮肤瘙痒患者中的应用效果。 方法 选取2013年1月-2016年12月行肠造口手术并发造口周围皮肤瘙痒的直肠癌患者167例。采用随机数字表法将其分成实验组和对照组。实验组采用长效抗菌敷料(洁悠神)进行治疗,对照组使用皮炎平乳膏进行治疗。 结果 治疗第1、2周,2组患者肠造口周围皮肤瘙痒复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);第3、4周,实验组肠造口周围皮肤瘙痒复发率低于对照组(χ²=14.056,P<0.001; χ²=15.465,P<0.001)。实验组舒适度和生活质量均高于对照组。 结论 长效抗菌敷料可以治疗由肠造口所致造口周围皮肤瘙痒,降低患者瘙痒感和瘙痒复发率,提高造口患者舒适度,从而改善造口患者生活质量。     

综合护理干预对膀胱癌术后腹壁造口患者生活质量及并发症的影响

目的探讨综合护理干预对膀胱癌术后腹壁造口患者生活质量以及并发症的影响。方法选取膀胱癌全切尿流改道术患者60例,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各30例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予综合护理干预,比较2组患者治疗后的社会功能、认识功能、躯体功能、情绪功能、角色功能、总体健康情况以及术后并发症发生情况、治疗后对腹壁造口相关知识的掌握情况。结果治疗后,2组患者的躯体功能、情绪功能、角色功能、社会功能、认知功能以及总体健康情况都有所改善,且观察组的(76.12±6.49、65.15±3.48、67.89±6.18、49.12±3.17、58.14±6.12、61.03±6.12)分均高于对照组的(65.14±7.12、58.12±6.17、59.12±6.10、45.26±4.18、53.12±6.49、56.12±3.98)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组患者恶心、呕吐、失眠以及疼痛的并发症发生率分别为3.33%、6.67%、0、3.33%,低于对照组的23.33%、40.00%、16.67%、30.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组患者造口袋更换、并发症预防、饮食知识掌握分别为(16.23±3.19、15.45±1.98、20.13±3.49)分,高于对照组的(13.12±2.52、13.78±3.61、18.02±3.12)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论综合护理可有效提高膀胱癌术后患者的自我护理能力以及生活质量,改善患者总体健康情况,并提高护理质量。     

Obstructive and secretory complications of diverting ileostomy

This review aimed to highlight the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of obstructive and secretory complications associated with diverting ileostomy (DI). Obstructive complications at the stoma site are termed stoma outlet obstruction (SOO) or stoma-related obstruction (SRO). The incidence of SOO/SRO is 5.4%-27.3%, and the risk factors are multifactorial; however, the configuration of the stoma limb and the thickness of the rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) may be of particular concern. Trans-stomal tube decompression is initially attempted with a success rate of 33%-86%. A thick RAM may carry the risk of recurrence. Surgical refinement, including a wider incision of the anterior sheath and adequate stoma limb length, avoids tension and immobility and may decrease SOO/SRO. Secretory complications of DI are termed high output stoma (HOS). Persistent HOS lead to water and sodium depletion, and secondary hyperaldosteronism, resulting in electrolyte imbalances, such as hypomagnesemia. The incidence of HOS is 14%-24%, with an output of 1000-2000 mL/d lasting up to three days. Treatment of HOS is commenced after excluding postoperative complications or enteritis and includes fluid intake restriction, antimotility and antisecretory drug therapies, and magnesium supplementation. Intensive monitoring and surveillance programs have been successful in decreasing readmissions for dehydration.     

Penetrating Colon Injury: Experience of a Single Centre

Objective: Penetrating colonic injuries are amongst the most discussed intra-abdominal injuries because of the complexity of their management and the severe complications. Penetrating colonic injuries can be managed by either primary repair or diversion. There is a debate over which procedure has to be used under which circumstances. In this retrospective study we analyzed our experience to contribute to the answer.

Patients and methods: The records of patients with penetrating colonic injury between January 1995 and December 2006 at the General Surgery Department of Atatürk University School of Medicine, were reviewed retrospectively. Results: One hundred and forty-one patients were included in the study. Ten patients did not need any surgical treatment. Seventy-nine patients (56%) were treated without formation of a stoma and fifty-two patients (36.8%) with formation of a stoma. The overall complication rate was 50.3% (71 patients). The rate of septic complications was 33.3%.

Conclusion: There is an ongoing debate whether formation of a stoma is indicated in penetrating colonic injury or not. Our clinical experience showed that severe faecal contamination, shock at presentation, and high CIS grades are associated with increased postoperative complications and mortality. Therefore the treatment of penetrating colonic injury in the presence of these risk factors should be stoma formation rather than primary repair.