多色杀生固定法对保持中药原植物色泽的实验研究

目的：应用多色杀生固定法对42种不同色泽果实、种子的植物浸制标本制作的实验研究。结果：多色杀生固定液能较理想地保存42种实验材料、叶、果实、种子、果肉、花序等的原有色泽。该研究为浸制标本的制作开辟了广阔的发展前景。     

Prevalence of the chemokine receptor CCR5-Delta32 gene mutation in periodontal disease

A 32-base-pair deletion in the CCR5 gene was previously shown to influence the susceptibility for several infectious diseases. The present study compared the frequency of the CCR5-Delta32 mutation among subjects with periodontal disease and healthy control individuals. The prevalence of the CCR5-Delta32 mutation was determined in 81 patients with generalized periodontitis and 121 healthy controls. Standardized clinical and radiographic criteria were used for the diagnosis of periodontitis for each subject. The CCR5-Delta32 mutation was identified by PCR amplification and subsequent agarose gel electrophoresis. Genotype and allele frequencies among both study groups were compared using Fisher's exact test at a level of significance of 5% (P<0.05). The frequency of the CCR5-Delta32 allele was 9.9% (16/162) for periodontitis patients and 10.7% (26/216) for the healthy controls. The allele frequencies between periodontitis patients and the control group for the CCR5-Delta32 mutation were not significantly different (P=0.801). The present study revealed no association between the CCR5-Delta32 mutation and susceptibility to periodontal disease.     

Hemispherectomy — 25 years later — findings and concepts

Summary In the first part the case of a then 27 year old female patient with right-sided infantile spastic hemiplegia after left-sided porencephaly is described, in whom hemispherectomy was performed 25 years ago. The postoperative state and the development are described as well as the social outcome and the present neurological status. A computer-tomogram shows the actual state of the brain.The second part is devoted to a scientific discussion of the supplementary motility after pyramidal lesions which is defined as the action of descending subcortico-spinal pathways starting probably in the mesencephalon, whereas an ipsilateral pathway is unlikely. Comparative neurological experiments serve to support such a concept as well as similar observations in traumatic cerebral lesions in man. In the light of the far more skilled motility in cerebral lesions of the young as well as the possibility of a shift of neuropsychological functions of the dominant to the contralateral hemisphere in children up to the age of 8–10 the possibility is discussed that plasticity — the concept of Albert Bethe — could form the mechanism of auxiliary function.Furthermore the surprising sensory performances in some of the patients with hemispherectomy are emphasized and the possibilities of anipsilateral substratum are discussed; however, this contrasts with the concepts formulated for the auxiliary motility after pyramidal lesions. Clarification of these problems will probably follow only after further experimental work.

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Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird der Fall einer damals 27-jährigen Patientin beschrieben, die eine rechtsseitige infantile spastische Hemiplegie nach linksseitiger Porencephalie hatte. Bei ihr war 25 Jahre zuvor eine Hemisphärektomie durchgeführt worden. Der postoperative klinische Status und die Entwicklung der Syndrome wird beschrieben und über die soziale Situation berichtet. Schließlich wird der derzeitige neurologische Status genau wiedergegeben. Erstmalig zeigt ein Computer-Tomogramm den Zustand des Hirns nach diesem Zeitraum.Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird die Entstehung der Ersatz-Motilität diskutiert, die als eine Aktion deszendierender subkortiko-spinaler Bahnen definiert wird, die wahrscheinlich vom Mittelhirn ihren Ausgang nehmen, während die Tätigkeit ipsilateraler Systeme für unwahrscheinlich gehalten wird. Vergleichende Tierexperimente am Hirn unterstützen eine solche Auffassung, ebenso wie auch die Beobachtung bei umschriebenen Hirnverletzungen des Menschen.Dann wird die Möglichkeit von Ersatzfunktionen durch Plastizität diskutiert — ein Begriff von Albert Bethe. Dies erscheint im Lichte vieler Beobachtungen wichtig, da die Ersatz-Motilität bei Hirnläsionen junger Menschen sehr viel höhere Geschicklichkeit ermöglicht als bei Läsionen von Älteren; weiter ist zu beachten, daß neuropsychologische Funktionen bei einer Hirnläsion vor dem 8. bis 10. Lebensjahr von einer dominanten Hemisphäre noch auf die andere Seite verlegt und dort lokalisiert werden können. Schließlich wird bei diesen Patienten auf die erstaunlichen Fähigkeiten der sensiblen Systeme nach Hemisphärektomie hingewiesen und hier die Möglichkeit eines ipsilateralen anatomischen Apparates diskutiert. Jedoch können bei der Sensibilität so genaue funktionell-morphologische Vorstellungen noch nicht formuliert werden, wie sie sich z. Zt. schon für die Ersatz-Motilität nach Pyramidenbahnläsion ergeben. Erst genauere Experimente im Tierversuch können weitere Aufklärung bringen.

     

低强度聚焦超声靶向爆破微泡

目的 探讨自制低强度聚焦超声（LIFU）体外靶向爆破微泡范围、空间分布,及在兔肝脏组织中应用LIFU辐照载紫杉醇脂质微泡（PLM）的定位控释情况。方法 ①采用4种不同声强（0.3、0.6、0.9、1.2 W/cm2）LIFU（频率1 MHz,焦距160 mm,占空比50%）分别辐照含脂质微泡的水囊,同时从不同切面观察并记录水囊内微泡爆破范围及空间分布形态;②选取新西兰大白兔10只,随机平均分为聚焦超声组（A组）和非聚焦超声组（B组）;对实验兔静脉注射PLM后,对A、B组分别采用LIFU和非聚焦超声定位辐照肝脏2 min;辐照后1 h处死实验兔,取焦域中心及距离中心1 cm、2 cm、3 cm处的肝脏组织,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定各肝脏组织内的紫杉醇含量。结果 ①LIFU体外定位爆破微泡范围局限、形状规则,爆破范围随声强增高而增大;②A组辐照中心处紫杉醇浓度最大,距离中心处越远,紫杉醇浓度越低（F=201.81,P〈0.05）;B组中各位置紫杉醇浓度的差异无统计学意义（F=1.36,P〉0.05）;辐照中心处,A组紫杉醇浓度高于B组（t=5.28,P〈0.05）。结论 LIFU能够实现体内外靶向爆破微泡,其聚焦部位和微泡爆破范围可调。     

超声靶向微泡破裂介导EGFP质粒转染肝癌细胞的研究

目的探讨超声靶向微泡破裂(Ultrasound Targeted Microbubble Destruction,UTMD)介导EGFP质粒转染肝癌细胞株HepG2的有效性、安全性并优化超声辐照参数。方法体外培养HepG2细胞,在不同治疗超声的声强、占空比和辐照时间作用下,观察pEGFP-N3质粒在HepG2细胞中的转染。荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白在HepG2细胞中的表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞的转染率,MTT法检测细胞活性。结果在超声声强为2 w/cm2、占空比为20%、照射时间为60 s时,HepG2细胞的7转染率最高,达到11.53%±2.15%,且细胞生存率大于85%。结论 UTMD是一种有效的基因转染方法,不同的超声转染参数对细胞活力和基因传输效率有较大影响,对其进行优化后可减少细胞损伤,增强基因转染。     

Microbubble Destruction During Intravenous Administration: A Preliminary Study

The concentration and size distribution of microbubble suspensions are important parameters for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the relationship between changes in the microbubble population and the administration process variables, specifically syringe inner diameter, needle inner diameter, volume flow rate and the liquid in which the microbubbles are suspended. It was found that reducing either the syringe or needle inner diameter produced large reductions in microbubble concentration during administration, as much as 99.9% for needle inner diameters <0.24 mm. Increasing the volume flow rate up to 3 mL/min and changing the suspending fluid from distilled water to glycerol, however, were both found to reduce the degree of microbubble destruction. Further work is needed to fully explain these observations. However, investigation of the response of microbubbles to changes in hydrostatic pressure only, indicated that this was unlikely to be the main mechanism of destruction and hence that shear stress was a more important factor. Comparison with findings from another recent study of microbubble stability indicated that microbubble size, concentration and composition were also important parameters and should be taken into account in designing administration procedures for microbubble agents. It was concluded that current procedures should be reviewed, particularly for therapeutic applications, and that the results should also be taken into account when assessing the accuracy of microbubble size distribution measurements obtained using automatic particle sizing equipment in which microbubbles are made to flow under pressure. (E-mail: e_stride@meng.ucl.ac.uk)     

HPLC法测定阿奇霉素干混悬剂的有关物质

目的:建立测定阿奇霉素干混悬剂中有关物质的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Venusil XBPC18,流动相为0.05 mol·mL-1磷酸氢二钾溶液(20%磷酸调pH=8.2)-乙腈(47∶53),进样量为20μL,流速为1.2 mL·min-1,检测波长为210nm。结果:样品经过光照破坏试验后分离度为1.92,加热破坏试验后分离度为2.16,加酸破坏试验后分离度为1.76,加碱破坏试验后分离度为7.88,氧化破坏试验后分离度为.11。3批样品的有关物质含量分别为2.41%、2.45%、2.43%。结论:本法测定阿奇霉素干混悬剂的有关物质简便、灵敏、准确。     

40例陈旧性周围神经损伤修复探讨

目的：探讨陈旧性周围神经损伤的修复方法及价值。方法：对４０例陈旧性周围神经损伤的修复及肢体功能恢复情况进行分析。结果：２８例陈旧性神经离断行神经外膜对端吻合及神经移植术，恢复优１３例，良４例；１２例行神经探查、减压松解术，恢复优７例，良３例。总优良率６７５％。结论：对陈旧性神经损伤采用多种方法修复是有价值的，修复后辅从康复治疗对肢体功能恢复具有重要意义。     

Adsorption of Hepatitis C Virus Particles Onto the Dialyzer Membrane

Abstract: It was recently found that the blood level of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA is significantly reduced after each dialysis procedure in patients on chronic hemodialysis. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism for this phenomenon. In two patients with high serum levels of HCV RNA, the filtrate through the dialyzer (TF-α, Teijin Co., Tokyo, Japan) was analyzed for viral RNA using the polymerase chain reaction. At the end of dialysis, the filter was washed with saline, and during the saline washing, aliquots were taken for quantification of RNA by the branched DNA method. The HCV core antigen was quantified as a measure of viral particles, and hemoglobin was also measured for correcting for blood contamination. After the clearance of the blood, the filter was washed with guanidinium isothiocyanate, and the recovery of RNA was measured. The filtrate did not contain detectable RNA.
The saline washing of the filter after dialysis contained a significant amount of RNA. Washing with guanidinium isothiocyanate of the thoroughly saline washed filter also recovered a significant amount of RNA. During saline dashing, the recovery of RNA in the washing was much delayed behind that of hemoglobin, suggesting the adsorption of the former onto the filter membrane. There was a discordant recovery of RNA and HCV core antigen in the washing, the recovery of the former being delayed behind that of the latter. These results indicate that viral particles are adsorbed onto the inner surface of the filter membrane during dialysis. Some of these adsorbed viral particles are perhaps destroyed by hydraulic pressure applied to blood for dialysis.