Background: Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is commonly measured using a prism and alternate cover test (PACT), but some providers use a prism under cover test (PUCT). The aim of this study was to compare a standardized PUCT measurement with a PACT measurement, for assessing the magnitude of DVD.
Methods: Thirty-six patients with a clinical diagnosis of DVD underwent measurement of the angle of deviation with the PACT, fixing with the habitually fixing eye, and with PUCT, fixing both right and left eyes. The PUCT was standardized, using a 10-second cover for each prism magnitude, until the deviation was neutralized. The magnitude of hyperdeviation by PACT and PUCT was compared for the non-fixing eye, using paired non-parametric tests. The frequency of discrepancies more than 4 prism diopters (PD) between PACT and PUCT was calculated.
Results: The magnitude of hyperdeviation was greater when measured with PUCT (range 8PD hypodeviation to 20PD hyperdeviation) vs. PACT (18PD hypodeviation to 25PD hyperdeviation) with a median difference of 4.5PD (range –5PD to 21PD); P < 0.0001. Eighteen (50%) of 36 measurements elicited >4PD hyperdeviation (or >4PD less hypodeviation) by PUCT than by PACT.
Conclusions: A standardized 10-second PUCT yields greater values than a prism and alternate cover test in the majority of patients with DVD, providing better quantification of the severity of DVD, which may be important for management decisions. 相似文献
Mammographers in the NHSBSP are required to implement the Eklund (‘Pushback’) technique after viewing a training DVD or receiving cascade training. This study aims to evaluate Radiographers' attitudes towards imaging the augmented breast following viewing the training DVD or receiving cascade training.
Methodology
Questionnaires containing both open and closed questions collected quantitative and qualitative data across three breast screening units. A total of 60 radiographers were targeted. Their responses were analysed using Pearson's Chi–Square. An evaluation of likelihood and association of variables was performed using inferential statistics.
Results
Of the 60 mammographers targeted, 38 (63%) completed the questionnaires. Quantitative results indicated that most mammographers (78%) had watched the DVD. Of these responders, (51.14%) found the DVD somewhat helpful in raising their confidence to attempt the new techniques. When inferential statistics was used to evaluate if confidence was associated with location or level of qualifications, these showed no significance (‘p’ = 0.085 and 0.312 respectively). Results indicated that longer years of practice had an association with ability to attempt techniques, however, this was not statistically significant (χ2 = 3.939, df = 6, p = 0.685). Qualitative responses indicated that cascade training increased confidence more than viewing the DVD. Both qualitative and quantitative data indicated that cascade training in addition to the DVD is required.
Conclusion
Although the DVD was a helpful training tool, it did not sufficiently raise confidence for all viewers. Cascaded training in addition to the DVD was required to effectively raise confidence. 相似文献
ABSTRACTCaring for a relative with dementia places caregivers at increased risk for psychological distress and adverse physical outcomes. Research on Chinese caregivers, and effective means of support for this group, is limited. This pilot study investigates effectiveness of a home-based psychoeducational skills training culturally tailored to increase coping among Chinese dementia caregivers. Twelve Chinese family caregivers, from Australia and Singapore (11 female) between 41 and 80 years old, completed the 8-week program. Measures of coping and psychological distresswere administered at baseline, mid-point and post-intervention. Caregivers encountered less problem behaviors in care recipients and were less distressed by their disruptive behaviors after completing the program; caregiver anxiety, depression, and worry appraisal remained unchanged. Feedback highlighted the value of culturally customized support. 相似文献
