双眼外直肌后徙术与常规疗法治疗斜视临床疗效比较

目的:比较双眼外直肌后徙术与常规疗法治疗斜视的临床疗效。方法:选取2016年6月-2017年6月笔者医院收治的128例斜视患者,按治疗方式不同分成对照组和研究组,每组各64例。其中对照组患者行常规单眼外直肌后徙联合内直肌缩短术(R&R),研究组患者行双眼外直肌后徙术(BLR-rec)。术后对患者随访1年,观察术后眼位正位率、欠矫率、过矫率,视觉功能恢复情况以及并发症发生率。结果:研究组患者正位率为89.06%高于对照组的68.75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,对照组和研究组患者视近度、视远度和平均斜视度比较,两组患者融合功能和立体视功能占比比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后,两组患者的斜视度较治疗前均出现了明显下降(P<0.05),且研究组治疗后斜视度下降幅度明显大于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者视觉功能恢复率均明显增加(P<0.05),且研究组恢复率明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:双眼外直肌后徙术较单眼外直肌后徙联合内直肌缩短术有更好地临床效果,且安全性更高,值得临床推广。     

4125例哈萨克族儿童斜视及弱视调查

本文对本地区五个县九所哈萨克族小学学生共计4125人进行了斜视、弱视的调查。调查对象全部为4—14岁哈萨克儿童。在受检儿童中发现斜视者48例,患病率为1.1％。外斜视32例占66.67％,内斜视16例占33.33％,斜视并有弱视者15例占31.25％。斜视而视力正常者33例占68.75％。在4125例受检儿童中发现弱视139例(209只眼),其患病率为3.37％,双眼弱视70例,单眼弱视69例,二者无显著差异。139例弱视中男性患者73例,女性患者66例,二者亦无差异。209例只弱视眼中轻度弱视84只眼占40.19％,中度弱视104只眼占49.76％,重度弱视21只眼共占10.05％。调查中笔者发现哈萨克族儿童弱视眼尤以屈光不正为多,209例眼中有106只为单纯性远视眼,因此笔者提出如何早期发现屈光不正并予以纠正将有可能防止许多弱视的发生。     

人工晶体植入术后复视

目的:本文报道7例人工晶体植入术后复视病例,并初步探讨其原因及预防。方法:随访60例单侧白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术连续病例。复视病例,检查复视类型、眼位、眼球活动度、屈光状态、瞳孔及眼底,并散瞳检查人工晶体位置。结果:本文报告白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术后复视发生率为11.67％。术前存在斜视,双眼融合功能障碍,局麻药物对眼外肌的毒性作用,人工晶体中心偏移,黄斑部病变及晶体后囊不均匀混浊等与术后复视有关。结论:复视是白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术后一个重要的并发症。其治疗往往较困难,根据复视的可能原因,采取预防措施对减少术后复视有帮助。眼科学报1997;13:210—212。     

ADJUSTABLE SUTURES IN STRABISMUS SURGERY: A PERSONAL SERIES OF CASES

A personal series of 77 separate primary adjustable suture procedures performed on 69 patients is analysed. Adjustable suture surgery was performed on patients over ten years of age undergoing rectus muscle surgery, and a few selected younger patients. The ages ranged from 7 to 74 years. A 24-month-old infant who had a two-stage-anaesthesia is included in the series.
Thirty-eight of the 69 patients were reoperations. Of the 77 primary procedures, 48 (62.3%) required postoperative adjustment; 29 (37.7%) were tied down without adjustment.
Sixty-two of the 69 patients (89.8%) achieved a "cure". A further four patients (5.8%) were initially in desired alignment, but deteriorated within the follow-up period. Three of these were successfully reoperated. Of the three primary failures (4.4 %) two were reoperated with one achieving orthophoria.
Apart from alignment failure in the primary procedure, complications were minimal. Current follow-up periods range from one to 24 months.     

Effects of convergent strabismus on spatio-temporal response properties of neurons in cat area 18

Summary Single-cell recording experiments were carried out to determine whether rearing kittens with surgically induced convergent strabismus (esotropia) alters the development of receptive field (RF) properties of neurons in area 18. In agreement with previous work on kittens with divergent strabismus (exotropia), there was a marked loss of binocularly driven cells in area 18 of esotropic cats. In contrast to the striate cortex of strabismic cats, the spatial properties of area 18 neurons, including receptive-field size and spatial frequency tuning, did not differ from those in normal controls. On the other hand, we found that contrast thresholds, measured at an optimal spatial frequency, were significantly elevated, and that the contrast gain in many cells was reduced in strabismic cats. These deficits were observed in both eyes, though the cells dominated by the deviating eye had a lower response amplitude at all contrasts. Furthermore, temporal frequency tuning curves were abnormal in strabismic cats in that the optimal frequencies and temporal resolutions were shifted to lower values. These effects were also bilateral. Velocity tuning, measured with a high-contrast bar stimulus, revealed that area 18 neurons in strabismic cats were unable to respond to very high velocities compared to normals. This reduced response was more severe when measured with the deviating eye in spite of the bilateral nature of the deficit. Finally, latencies to electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm or the optic radiation were significantly longer in strabismic cats. The magnitude of these effects was virtually the same for both eyes. From these observations, we conclude that the temporal properties of area 18 neurons, particularly the cells abilities to follow fast temporal modulations, are affected by raising kittens with surgically induced convergent strabismus.     

Benzbromarone disposition and uricosuric action; evidence for hydroxilation instead of debromination to benzarone

Summary Benzbromarone is one of the main uricosuric drugs currently used. We determined plasma concentrations of benzbromarone, bromobenzarone, and benzarone and 24 hour uric acid excretion in ten healthy individuals following fasting application of two different non-micronised benzbromarone brands. In addition we explored the influence of adjusting urinary pH to near neutral values and of concomitant food intake. Benzbromarone was more rapidly absorbed from the test preparation than from the reference preparation; the extent of systemic availability did not differ significantly. Urinary pH adjustment had no clearcut effect, whereas food intake retarded drug absorption (even though not significant because of the variability of the data). Binding of benzbromarone to plasma proteins exceeded 99%. Bromobenzarone and benzarone were not detectable and are unlikely to be major metabolites of benzbromarone. Instead we found two other compounds suggestive of metabolites, one of them being monohydroxilated benzbromarone. The plasma concentrations of the parent compound in one subject exceeded those of the rest of the group, possibly indicating genetic differences in drug metabolism. The uricosuric effect was not related to benzbromarone plasma concentrations.Abbreviations AUC area under the (plasma concentration time) curve - GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry - HPLC high performance liquid chromatography - t1/2 plasma elimination half life Dedicated to Professor Dr. N. Zöllner on the occasion of his 65th anniversary     

敏感期内、末单眼斜视和剥夺猫视觉系统脑源性神经营养因子表达机理研究

目的观察和研究敏感期内、末不同时限单眼斜视
(monocularstrabismus,MS)和单眼剥夺(monoculardeprivation,
MD)幼猫视皮质、外侧膝状体的脑源性神经营养因子(brain
derivedneurotrophicfactor,BDNF)的可塑性变化。从形态学、分
子神经生物学角度探讨不同时限MS和MD幼猫视     

食管癌同步放化疗52例

[目的]评价食管瘤同步放化疗的疗效。[方法]回顾性分析1983年1月至1992年12月353例无锁骨上转移的食管癌。按治疗方法分三级：Ⅰ组：单纯放疗301例，放疗剂量48Gy－75Gy；Ⅱ组：放疗加平阳霉素26例，放疗剂量50Gy－76Gy，平阳霉素10mg肌注，每周1－2次，共6－7周；Ⅲ组：放疗加顺钻26例，放疗剂量54Gy－70Gy，顺钢20mg－30mg，静脉滴注，每周1－2次，共6－7周。所有病例均随访5年以上。[结果]1年生存车Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别为48．2％、61．5％和53．8％，三组间无统计学差异。3年生存率各组分别为21．6％、26．9％和42．3％，其中Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。5年生存率各组分别为11．3％、154％和26．9％，Ⅲ组与Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间有显著性差异（P＜0。05）。[结论]同步放化疗可提高食管癌的疗效，尤以放疗加顺铂为佳。     

360度视网膜切开致黄斑转位性斜视的临床分析

目的 :针对应用 36 0°视网膜切开术治疗复杂性视网膜脱离出现黄斑转位的患者 ,分析发生视网膜旋转、黄斑转位的原因 ,并探讨旋转性斜视和复视的诊断及治疗。方法 :2例因视网膜脱离合并严重前增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变患眼 ,行松弛性 36 0°视网膜切开术后视网膜复位 ,但发生黄斑转位。观察患者手术前后的视力、双眼视功能、主客观偏斜和眼位情况、视网膜旋转度数及黄斑移位程度。结果 :病例 1随诊 2 1个月 ,术后 15个月取出硅油 ,视力从眼前光感提高到 0 0 1;病例 2随诊 3个月 ,硅油存留 ,视力从眼前光感提高到 0 0 3。 2例患者均有垂直和水平斜视 ,黄斑旋转 4 0°～ 5 0° ,黄斑移位约 1 5DD(discdi ameter,视盘直径 ) ,均有主观视物偏斜症状。结论 :36 0°视网膜切开术可能造成视网膜旋转、黄斑转位 ,出现旋转性斜视和复视。     

上斜肌前部前徙术治疗上斜肌麻痹的外旋斜的研究

目的 观察术中可调整缝线的上斜肌前部前徙术治疗上斜肌麻痹的外旋斜的效果。方法 对6例(9眼)外旋斜患者(其中双眼外旋斜和单眼外旋斜各3例)行此术式，在术前、术中、术后1周分别行双马多氏杆检查第一眼位的主观旋转斜。分析旋转斜度与手术量的关系及治疗效果。结果 6例患者术前都存在正前方及下方双眼复视症状，第一眼位的外旋斜5～15。，平均10．5。。术毕双马多氏杆检查第一眼位为0^o～内旋斜5^o,平均内旋斜3．7^o。术后所有患者正前方及向下看复视症状消失，术后1周为外旋2^o～内旋4^o,平均内旋1．4^o。其中2例患者术后7个月复诊，一例外旋斜3^o；另一例为旋转斜0^o，都未出现明显复视症状。结论 术中可调整缝线的上斜肌前部前徙术是一种安全可靠的矫正上斜肌麻痹的外旋斜的手术方式，常需要过矫至内旋5^o左右来代偿术后出现的回退。