不同采收期蜈蚣商品质量比较

对我国现行的春季采收及传统秋季采收的蜈蚣商品初步理化分析及药理作用比较研究,表明秋季采收的商品质量较优,但捕捉难度大,商品不易干燥、贮藏。从商品收购、营销环节考虑,现行的春季采收方法是行之有效的。     

Does self-compassion mitigate the relationship between burnout and barriers to compassion? A cross-sectional quantitative study of 799 nurses

BackgroundBurnout has numerous negative consequences for nurses, potentially impairing their ability to deliver compassionate patient care. However, the association between burnout and compassion and, more specifically, barriers to compassion in medicine is unclear. This article evaluates the associations between burnout and barriers to compassion and examines whether dispositional self-compassion might mitigate this association.HypothesisConsistent with prior work, the authors expected greater burnout to predict greater barriers to compassion. We also expected self-compassion – the ability to be kind to the self during times of distress – to weaken the association between burnout and barriers to compassion among nurses.MethodsRegistered nurses working in New Zealand medical contexts were recruited using non-random convenience sampling. Following consent, 799 valid participants completed a cross-sectional survey including the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, the Barriers to Physician Compassion scale, and a measure of dispositional self-compassion.ResultsAs expected, greater burnout predicted greater barriers to compassion while self-compassion predicted fewer barriers. However, self-compassion mitigated the association between burnout and burnout related barriers to compassion (but not other barriers). The interaction suggested that suggested that the association was stronger (rather than weaker) among those with greater self-compassion.DiscussionUnderstanding the lack of compassion and the effects of burnout in patient care are priorities in health. This report extends evidence on the association between burnout and compassion-fatigue to show that burnout also predicts the experience of specific barriers to compassion. While self-compassion predicted lower burnout and barriers, it may not necessarily reduce the extent to which burnout contributes to the experience of barriers to compassion in medicine. Implications for understanding how burnout manifests in barriers to clinical compassion, interventions and professional training, and future directions in nursing are discussed.     

The plasticity of social emotions

Social emotions such as empathy or compassion greatly facilitate our interactions with others. Despite the importance of social emotions, scientific studies have only recently revealed functional neural plasticity associated with the training of such emotions. Using the framework of two antagonistic neural systems, the threat and social disconnection system on the one hand, and the reward and social connection system on the other, this article describes how training compassion and empathy can change the functioning of these systems in a targeted manner. Whereas excessive empathic sharing of suffering can increase negative feelings and activations in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (corresponding to the threat and social disconnection system), compassion training can strengthen positive affect and neural activations in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and striatum (corresponding to the reward and social connection system). These neuroimaging findings are complemented by results from behavioral studies showing that compassion is linked to helping and forgiveness behavior, whereas empathic distress not only decreases helping behavior, but is even associated with increased aggressive behavior. Taken together, these data provide encouraging evidence for the plasticity of adaptive social emotions with wide-ranging implications for basic science and applied settings.     

Compassion: a concept analysis

Compassion is a quality deemed sine qua non for nursing and claimed to underpin the profession in its larger-than-life scope. Yet the meaning of the concept "compassion" (or "compassionate care") is neither clearly defined in nursing scholarship nor widely promoted in the context of contemporaneous everyday nursing practice. The term in its moral dimension has, at best, been downgraded as an optional practice in everyday nursing care and, at worst, dismissed as lofty ideals connected to other disciplines, such as religion and ethics. A concept analysis using Walker and Avant's strategic method as well as Rodgers's evolutionary paradigm was undertaken to clarify the meaning of the concept "compassion" and examine its relevance in the context of everyday nursing practice.     

不同地区助产士共情疲劳现状及其影响因素的研究

目的 调查中国东部、中部、西部地区不同级别医院助产士共情疲劳现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 采用随机抽样法抽取中国东部、中部、西部地区中的12个省份,便利抽取52所不同级别医院,并采用目的抽样法根据纳入排除标准抽取助产士作为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、共情疲劳量表及社会支持评定量表进行横断面调查,通过多水平统计模型分析助产士共情疲劳的影响因素。 结果 共回收489份问卷,有效问卷477份,有效回收率为97.8%。调查对象共情疲劳各维度得分为共情满意（31.64±6.47）分、职业倦怠（27.87±5.01）分、继发性创伤应激（26.21±5.70）分,其中82.6%的助产士为中度及以上共情疲劳,社会支持水平总得分（37.93±6.44）分,多水平Logistic回归分析结果显示,医院级别、子女情况、地区、是否喜欢工作氛围、经历分娩创伤事件次数、睡眠质量、社会支持程度对助产士共情疲劳程度有影响（P<0.05）。 结论 助产士的共情疲劳程度较重,社会支持水平低、睡眠质量差、工作氛围不和谐、离异或有婴幼儿的助产士共情疲劳程度较严重,西部地区及二级、三级医院助产士共情疲劳程度较重,护理管理者应根据其影响因素,采取有效措施,降低助产士共情疲劳发生率和程度。