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排序方式: 共有569条查询结果,搜索用时 22 毫秒
1.
本研究建立了大鼠气管上皮细胞体内-体外转化模型,大鼠气管内滴注苯并芘,三天后处死大鼠,消化气管上皮细胞,接种于无血清完全培养基。细胞形成集落后,换为选择培养基继续培养五周,统计转化率。结果显示,25mg/kg和50mg/kg的苯并芘可诱导大鼠气管上皮细胞转化及微核增加,用同样方法研究了煤焦沥青提取物,结果表明,剂量为8mg/kg和25mg/kg的煤焦沥青提取物能明显诱导大鼠气管上皮细胞转化。 相似文献
2.
J. M. Porcher C. Lafuma R. El Nabout M. P. Jacob P. Sébastien P. A. Borm S. Honnons G. Auburtin 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1993,65(Z1):S209-S213
This research is designed to evaluate a number of biological markers to estimate harmful exposure on coal miners from different mining regions in France and to relate the outcome to differences in prevalence of coal worker pneumoconiosis (CWP) between these regions. Eight epidemiological groups of active and ex-miners (smokers and non-smokers) have been selected in the French collieries (North, Lorraine and Provence) according to their occupational and pneumoconiotic status. The following biomarkers have been evaluated: cellularity of sputum, elementary analysis of particles in TEM/EDAX, plasma neutral metalloendo peptidase elastase type (NMEP), leucocyte elastase (HLE), fibronectin (FN) and elastin peptides. Pulmonary alveolitis, expressed by sputum cellularity, is different between active workers groups but not related to the general background of pneumoconiosis prevalence in the French collieries. In the plasma parameters, fibronectin, HLE and NMEP significantly increased in all groups of coal mine workers as compared to the control group, except for fibronectin parameter in Lorraine collierie. The degree of increase of these parameters allow us to discriminate the different groups and suggest that plasma FN, HLE and NMEP may be considered as biological markers of chronic inhalation of coal mine dust particles. The decrease of elastin peptides level in the Lorraine group alone suggests a specific alteration of elastin metabolism. These parameters were not related to the development of pneumoconiosis and its degree of severity. 相似文献
3.
对86例煤工尸检肺组织呼吸性细支气和及所属肺泡道发生的尘斑气肿进行了观察。前述部位不同程度煤尘沉着构成尘斑或尘灶。尘灶系呼吸性细支气管壁及肺泡间隔内煤尘沉着不断增多,气腔壁增厚,闭塞或靠扰融合而成。少数尘灶亦可由局灶性肺泡内煤尘细胞聚集填充所致尘斑或尘灶处伴发的肺气肿,意味着组织破坏,肺功能受损。因此,尘斑气肿和尘灶气肿具有同样涵义。 相似文献
4.
5.
Eduardo Alarcón-Capel Alberto Ruano-Ravina Juan M. Barros-Dios 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2021,35(1):72-80
ObjectiveTo assess the association between exposure to radon and genitourinary cancer in a mining population through a systematic review of the scientific literature.MethodA systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), combining MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) terms and free terms. We applied a specific scale to assess the quality of the included studies.ResultsWe included 17 studies; all were cohort studies with the exception of one which was a pooling of data. All studies included analysed the relationship between exposure to radon and genitourinary cancer. While some studies point towards an association between radon exposure and genitourinary cancer, especially kidney cancer, others do not find such association.ConclusionsThe included studies showed great heterogeneity. It cannot be concluded that there is an association between exposure to radon and genitourinary cancer. More research is needed on this topic, designing studies with higher statistical power, better control of confounders, and preferably prospective. 相似文献
6.
目的:探讨煤矿工人上消化道疾病的患病现况,方法:按照整群随机抽样的方法在山东兖州,河北开滦,辽宁铁法选取306人,以胃镜进行普查。结果:矿区工人总的上消化道疾病患病率为77.8%,以红斑性胃炎为主,占各种上消化道疾病的41.5%井下采煤和掘进作业工人的患病率高于井下其他作业工人,后者的患病率与井上工人的患病率一致,各矿区之间,以山东兖州的工人患病率最高,湖北开滦最低。结论 煤矿工人上消化道疾病患病 相似文献
7.
Roel P. F. Schins Rob J. S. Lamers Bernard Préat Paul J. A. Borm 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1995,66(6):413-419
Serum type III procollagen peptide (PIIIP), a degradation product of the type III collagen precursor, has been put forward as an exposure marker for mineral dust. We evaluated PIIIP levels as a marker of exposure to and effects of coal dust in retired coal miners (n = 104). To this end: (a) the individual cumulative dust exposure was calculated from job-exposure matrices, and (b) in addition to routine chest radiography (CR) of all miners according to the criteria of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), a subgroup (n = 46) was screened by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Profusion score (CR and HRCT) tended to increase with cumulative dust exposure, even in the absence of CR evidence for pneumoconiosis (i.e. CR , 0/1, n = 35). In contrast to our previous findings in active miners, PIIIP levels were not increased in miners as compared with non-dust-exposed controls (n = 29), and no differences were observed between miners without (ILO = 0/0) and miners with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP; ILO 0/1). No trend in PIIIP versus pneumoconiosis stage was present, either by CR or by the more sensitive HRCT score. PIIIP was also unrelated to any lung function parameter (FEV1, FVC, impedance, diffusion capacity). Age, medication, medical history and smoking habits had no significant effect on PIIIP levels. In the miners with CWP (i.e. ILO > 0/0, n = 28) a significant negative correlation was present between PIIIP values and (log) cumulative dust exposure. This decrease in serum PIIIP levels with increasing cumulative exposure may be due to chronic adaptive changes in type III collagen deposition and/or breakdown. Other relations between exposure and PIIIP were not observed. In conclusion, the present findings do not support the use of serum type III procollagen peptide as a marker of exposure to and (early) interstitial or respiratory effects of coal dust. 相似文献
8.
实施越冬疗养的煤工尘肺患者生命质量评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用自行设计并经过质量检验的调查表,对某矿务局职业病防治院的全部Ⅰ期尘肺虎科疗养前后进行了调查,并采用整群对照的方法,选取未实施越冬疗养的Ⅰ期尘肺患者作对照。结果表明,疗养组越冬疗养前后生命质量的有显著差异,疗养后患者生命质量明显提高;而对照组在越冬前后生命质量无显著改变,说明越冬疗养对煤工尘肺患者生命质量有着积极的作用。 相似文献
9.
失能调整生命年在煤矿职业性疾病负担分析中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为估计煤矿外伤性截瘫疾病负担,采用横断面抽样调查,共抽样调查全国5 个统配矿务局的26 个煤矿。以煤矿外伤性截瘫的患病和死亡资料为基础,用失能调整生命年(DALY) 估计煤矿外伤性截瘫疾病负担。结果表明:煤矿外伤性截瘫疾病负担为每千人口3225DALY。各矿务局比较:铜川矿务局外伤性截瘫疾病负担最重,每千人口5447 DALY,高于5 个矿务局的平均水平每千人口3225DALY。其次为阳泉、峰峰矿务局、三路安矿务局和晋城矿务局,分别为每千人口27 .85 、26 .60 、1510 和11 .71DALY。结果提示:DALY 可用于煤矿职业性疾病负担分析。各统配矿务局外伤性截瘫的DALY 差异较大 相似文献
10.
为探讨煤工尘肺发生早期的自由基代谢变化,系统测定54 例Ⅰ期煤工尘肺患者,59 例 X 线表现尚不足以诊断为Ⅰ期尘肺的0 + 人群及40 例健康对照者血液中的过氧化脂质( L P O) 、唾液酸( S A) 、谷胱甘肽( G S H) 、维生素 A( V A) 、维生素 E( V E) 含量及超氧化物歧化酶( S O D) 、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶( G S H Px) 和过氧化氢酶( C A T) 活力。结果显示,0 + 组人群及Ⅰ期煤工尘肺患者体内 L P O 及 S A 水平均明显高于对照组,而 G S H Px , C A T 活力及 V A、 V E 含量则较对照组明显降低, S O D则呈代偿性增加。表明自由基代谢紊乱及氧化/ 抗氧化状态失衡的变化早于煤工尘肺诊断的 X 线影像学改变。 相似文献