化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物实验模型研究概况

化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物实验模型是研究体内化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的发病机制和评价各种治疗方法的重要条件。化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的实验研究进展缓慢,其主要原因是缺乏理想的动物模型。依文献报道,化疗药物性静脉炎模型主要以大白兔耳缘静脉注射长春瑞滨等化疗药物为多见,化疗药物渗漏损伤模型主要以大鼠及大白兔背部皮下注射盐酸阿霉素等化疗药物为多见。文章就近年来常用的一些化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物模型综述如下。     

Failure of intravenous infusions in neonates

The median life expectancy (survival) of 286 peripheral intravenous infusion sites in 105 babies in a children's intensive care unit was 36 h. Unadjusted univariate survival analysis revealed that dextrose infusions and the initial infusions received by a baby had longer survival than total parenteral nutrition (TPN) infusions and later infusions respectively. Also infusions with cloxacillin and penicillin survived for longer than average while infusions with phenytoin had reduced survival. Gestational age, weight, infusion site, other drugs, co-infusion of Intralipid with TPN solutions and neutralization of TPN did not influence survival of infusions. Multivariate survival analysis confirmed the findings for TPN and penicillin but not for cloxacillin, phenytoin or later infusions. Multivariate analysis also suggested that survival was improved with ampicillin and aminophylline and worse for leg sites, for older babies and for infusions in which the fluids were given at greater rates. It also indicated that neutralization of TPN improved survival.     

化疗药物外渗后局部组织损伤处理的实验研究

目的根据化疗药物外渗后局部组织损伤的特点寻找理想的处理方法。方法制作化疗药物外渗的动物坏死模型,分别采用临床常用的三种处理方法进行动物实验,进行肉眼观察及组织学观察。结果1∶5 000呋喃西林加季德胜蛇药外敷对化疗药物外渗所致的局部组织坏死疗效最佳,其次为复方利多卡因,50%硫酸镁外敷疗效甚微,对照组无效。结论临床处理化疗药物外渗应根据其局部特点选择合理有效的方法。     

Antitumor effect of i.p. dopamine in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

Summary The cancer chemotherapeutic efficacy of dopamine (DA) was evaluated in female strain A mice bearing transplantable Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The results demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth with appreciable increase in the host survival time following DA treatment. Diminished activity of the growth-related respiratory enzyme succinate dehydrogenase along with stimulated activity of the lysosomal enzyme, -glucuronidase in DA-treated tumor cells indicated inhibition of tumor growth as well as active lysis of the tumor cells. The direct effect of this compound on tumor proliferation was demonstrated by marked inhibition of DNA synthesis. RNA synthesis was only marginally inhibited.Abbreviations DA Dopamine - EAC Ehrlich ascites carcinoma - SDH Succinate dehydrogenase - -Glu -glueuronidase - ILS Increase of life span     

肝素钠软膏对多巴胺诱发兔静脉及其周围组织损伤治疗的实验研究

目的：笔者观察了肝素钠软膏、５０％硫酸镁、透明质酸酶对多巴胺诱发兔静脉及其周围组织损伤的治疗作用。方法：兔耳静脉连续注身大剂量的多巴胺和静脉周围组织注射多巴胺诱发静脉炎。结果：５０％硫酸镁加肝素钠软膏对多巴胺诱发的静脉炎治疗效果最好,其次为肝素钠软膏和５０％硫酸镁,透明质酸酶无治疗作用。     

化疗药诱导卵巢癌细胞凋亡的初步探讨

目的 观察人体内化疗药诱导卵巢癌细胞凋亡及其规律性。方法 采用末端脱氧核苷酰的转移酶方法,对９例卵巢癌腹水患者行腹腔化疗,观察不同时间腹水中卵巢癌细胞凋亡的动态变化,并应用免疫组化法动态检测腹水中肿瘤细胞增殖及Ｂｃｌ－２,Ｂａｘ基因表达。结果 发现化疗后,肿瘤细胞凋亡多在化疗后４８小时达高峰,与化疗前有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）,至１２０小时,凋亡逐渐下降,部分病例降至治疗前水平,化疗后腹腔内肿瘤细     

The successful treatment of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) overdose in a patient with malignancy and HIV/AIDS with uridine triacetate

According to the NIH, about 275 000 patients receive treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and more than 1300 die from 5-FU toxicity every year from life-threatening myelosuppression, gastrointestinal complications, and neurotoxicity. Immunocompromised persons are at higher risk of developing toxicity. Recently uridine triacetate (Vistagard®) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the only specific antidote available for 5-FU poisoning. In a clinical trial (n = 135), 96% of patients with 5-FU toxicity recovered after treatment, where as in a historical control group only 10% survived. This is the first published case report of survival after 5-FU overdose who also was immunocompromised from HIV/AIDs. A 52 year old male with history of HIV/AIDS (CD4 70), CNS toxoplasmosis and anal cancer presented to the emergency department after realizing he had received an entire course of 5-FU in 24 instead of 96 h. Treatment with uridine triacetate was arranged in the emergency department. After receiving treatment the patient was asymptomatic and had an uncomplicated hospital course. 5-FU poisoning must be recognized early as uridine triacetate is approved by the FDA for use within 96 h following the end of 5-FU administration. Emergency medicine physicians should promptly recognize and treat 5-FU poisoning. However, this may be challenging as patients may not seek medical attention until many hours or several days after last administration since symptoms are often delayed with 5-FU poisoning.     

赫赛汀诱导子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞凋亡并增强其对化疗的敏感性

目的:研究赫赛汀单独或联合阿霉素(adriamycin,ADR)、顺铂(cisplatin,DDP)及紫杉醇(paclitaxel,PTX)对子宫内膜癌细胞凋亡和化疗敏感性的影响,为临床应用赫赛汀治疗子宫内膜癌提供理论依据。方法:MTT法检测赫赛汀、ADR、DDP及PTX处理子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞的IC50。进一步应用1/2 IC50量的赫赛汀与各1/2 IC50量的ADR、DDP及PTX药物联合,流式细胞术检测细胞周期与凋亡变化。结果:赫赛汀抑制子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞生长,引起细胞G1期阻滞,诱导细胞凋亡。子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞应用赫赛汀、ADR、DDP及PTX的IC50分别为57.12 mg/L、0.572μmol/L、67.4μmol/L和719.5 nmol/L,赫赛汀联合化疗后显著提高各组化疗药的杀伤效果,诱导细胞凋亡,与单纯化疗组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:赫赛汀诱导子宫内膜癌细胞凋亡,并提高子宫内膜癌细胞株对化疗的敏感性。     

抗肿瘤药物性静脉炎的防护研究进展

综述了抗肿瘤药物性静脉炎的发生机制、评估标准以及国内外防护研究进展,为临床护理提供依据。