外伤牙活力判定的方法及意义

牙外伤是口腔急诊常见的病症之一，及时准确的牙髓活力判断是正确治疗以利维持美学与功能的重要前提条件。文章通过对牙髓活力的生物学基础、牙髓活力测验方法及评价、外伤牙髓受损类型和牙髓活力特点分析，在国际牙外伤临床治疗指南的方向指导下，结合案例和经验，概括外伤牙活力与实施临床治疗方案的关系，为提高牙外伤的临床诊治思维、科学精准和个性化治疗设计提供支持，具有重要的应用价值。     

Caffeic Acid–coated Nanolayer on Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Potentiates the Host Immune Responses,Angiogenesis, and Odontogenesis

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate whether mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) can be modified with caffeic acid (CA) to form caffeic acid/mineral trioxide aggregate (CAMTA) cement and to evaluate its physicochemical and biological properties as well as its capability in immune suppression and angiogenesis.MethodsMTA was immersed in trishydroxymethyl aminomethane buffer with CA to allow coating onto MTA powders. X-ray diffractometry and tensile stress-strain tests were conducted to assess for physical characteristics of CAMTA and to evaluate for successful modification of MTA. Then, the CAMTA cement was immersed in simulated body fluid to evaluate its hydroxyapatite formation capabilities and Si release profiles. In addition, RAW 264.7 cells and human dental pulp stem cells were used to evaluate CAMTA’s immunosuppressive capabilities and cell responses, respectively. hDPSCs were also used to assess CAMTA’s angiogenic capabilities.ResultsThe X-ray diffractometry results showed that CA can be successfully coated onto MTA without disrupting or losing MTA’s original structural properties, thus allowing us to retain the initial advantages of MTA. CAMTA was shown to have higher mechanical properties compared with MTA and had rougher pitted surfaces, which were hypothesized to lead to enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and secretion of angiogenic- and odontogenic-related proteins. In addition, it was found that CAMTA was able to enhance hydroxyapatite formation and immunosuppressive capabilities compared with MTA.ConclusionsCAMTA cements were found to have improved physicochemical and biological characteristics compared with their counterpart. In addition, CAMTA cements had enhanced odontogenic, angiogenic, and immunosuppressive properties compared with MTA. All of the results of this study proved that CAMTA cements could be a biomaterial for future clinical applications and tissue engineering use.     

Endodontic treatment of a hypertaurodontic mandibular left second molar in a patient with many taurodonts combined with multiple pulp stones

Taurodontism is a rare embryologic anomaly of teeth, defined by an apical displacement of the furcation of roots and enlarged pulp chambers. Taurodontism has been classified as hypo‐, meso‐ or hypertaurodontism according to the severity of the anomaly. The aim of this case report was to illustrate a clinical case with multiple bilateral taurodonts and to describe the endodontic management of the hypertaurodontic mandibular left second molar with a C‐shaped canal and extensive dental pulp calcifications. A healthy 20‐year‐old male patient was referred for the endodontic treatment of his lower left second molar. Cone beam computed tomography revealed a C‐shaped root canal configuration and several dental pulp calcifications in this tooth. The endodontic treatment was performed in two appointments under an operating dental microscope. A panoramic radiograph, made during the 18 months follow‐up appointment, revealed nine other taurodontic molars, most of them associated with dental pulp calcifications.     

应用组织芯片技术研究光暴露皮肤与非光暴露皮肤中PCNA的表达

目的:比较光暴露与非光暴露皮肤中增殖细胞抗原的表达。方法:组织芯片按文献报道方法制备,用免疫组化链霉素亲和素-生物素法(Streptavidin-Peroxidase SP法)检测,一抗为1:100鼠抗人单克隆抗体。结果:36例光暴露皮肤组织中14例(38.9%)阳性;19例非光老化皮肤中18例(94.7%)阳性(χ2=4.2,P<0.01)。结论:光暴露部位皮肤组织PCNA蛋白表达较非光暴露部位皮肤组织表达明显减少。日光对细胞增殖因子的表达起抑制作用。推测日光对皮肤组织的增生能力有阻滞作用,加速皮肤老化。     

Risk behaviors and its association with caries activity and dental caries in Japanese children

The aim of this study was to assess risk behaviors and its association with caries activity and dental caries in Japanese children. The subjects were 392 young Japanese children who underwent dental health check-up at 18, 30 and 42 months of age. Oral examinations, Cariostat tests and dental health questionnaires were carried out at each time. The caries prevalence of children was 1.5% at 18 months, 9.9% at 30 months and 28.1% at 42 months. Caries activity based on the Cariostat scores of children was correlated with caries status (caries-free/carious) at 42 months. In children with caries during each examination period at 42 months, eating snacks while playing was ranked as the most important behavioral risk (P < 0.001), followed by breast-feeding (P < 0.01), non setting of time for snacks (P < 0.05) and frequency of snacks (P < 0.05) at 18 months old; non brushing by mother (P < 0.05) and eating snacks while playing (P < 0.05) were ranked highest at 30 months old. In addition, eating snacks while playing (P < 0.001) at 42 months old was the only a significant factor for children with caries. Caries activity and risk behaviors were associated with caries experience at different age periods of childhood.     

转化生长因子β1对人牙髓细胞微丝骨架的重组作用

目的:了解转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)对人牙髓细胞微丝和微管骨架的作用。方法:I型胶原酶消化组织块法体外培养人牙髓细胞,以20ng/ml的TGF-β1处理细胞,分别在第30min、1、6和24h收集细胞爬片,BODYPY-Phalloidin对微丝作直接荧光染色、Rhodamine RedTM对微管蛋白α(tubulin-α)作间接免疫荧光染色,采用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察TGF-β1作用于牙髓细胞后不同时间点微丝和微管的变化情况。结果:TGF-β1作用于人牙髓细胞后,微丝出现解聚重组现象,在30min时间点,肌动蛋白(actin)在细胞膜下聚合成纤维形肌动蛋白F-actin,同时胞质内的F-actin解聚,6h解聚最明显,24h后可见胞质内微丝重组。观察的各时间点,微管结构未见明显解聚重组现象。结论:TGF-β1能够使牙髓细胞微丝骨架重组。     

Agrochemicals pose health risks to coffee factory workers in Githuguri (Kenya)

In this century, the use of pesticides and fertilizers (agrochemicals) is indispensable because they are seen as a panacea for protecting crops from insects and diseases. However, the manner in which these agrochemicals are handled poses significant health risks to manufacturers, transporters, vendors and farmers. In Kenya, for example, coffee factory workers (specifically storekeepers) apportion the agrochemicals and sell them to the coffee farmers. The process of apportioning and other factors expose these workers to health risks. In order to evaluate the extent of the problem, a pilot study was undertaken in the Githuguri location. The results showed that lack of use of protective clothing, poor handling of agrochemicals and poorly designed storage facilities were very common. As a result, 95% of the workers interviewed reported a variety of agrochemical health related problems. In conclusion, the government and the public role regarding possible preventive measures were proposed.     

Rate and predictability of pulp revascularization in therapeutically reimplanted permanent incisors

Abstract The aim of the present investigation was to study the frequency of pulp revascularization in therapeutically reimplanted incisors as well; is its relationship with the following factors: width of apical foramen, duration of extra-alveolar lime, storage conditions and postoperative administration of antibiotics. Out of 72 immature teeth (width of apical foramen 1.1–5.0 mm) the pulp was revascularized in 13 (18%), while in 88 mature teeth (width of apical foramen 1.0 mm or less) no revascularization occurred. Among parameters tested statistically in immature teeth, a significantly increased frequency of revascularization (p < 0.05) was only found in teeth reimplanted within 45 minutes after avulsion, when compared with teeth reimplanted after a longer extra-alveolar time, and in mandibular incisors when compared with maxillary incisors (p < 0.01). All teeth in which revascularization did not occur exhibited a periapical radiolucency and/or external inflammatory root resorption.     

Effects of cooling and heating of the tooth on pulpal blood flow in man

Abstract Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to study the changes in pulpal blood flow (PBF) evoked by application of cold or heat to the palatinal surfaces of teeth 11 or 21 in nine young subjects. Switching from a thermode temperature of 33° to 5° G on average induced a slow decrease of PBF to about 80% of control, and also warming to 39°C evoked a small reduction in most subjects. Inter individual differences were large, however, and both cooling and warming sometimes triggered a rise in PBF. In contrast, skin blood flow, as recorded with LDF in the forearm, invariably rose during warming and fell during local cooling. The results suggested a more complex interaction between local and nervously mediated effects of moderate changes in temperature in the tooth pulp than skin, and that the previous held view of cold and heat decreasing and increasing PBF, respectively, is wrong.