Stress Testing Versus CT Angiography in Patients With Diabetes and Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Background

The optimal noninvasive test (NIT) for patients with diabetes and stable symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.

基于共享理念的急诊CTA应急平台构建与效果评价

目的基于共享理念的急诊CTA应急平台构建与效果评价。方法选取2019年1—9月急诊CTA检查患者为对照组,2019年11月—2020年8月急诊CTA检查患者为观察组。对照组采用常规急诊值班制,观察组建立急诊CTA应急平台。对申请检查科室、检查项目进行描述性统计,比较两组CTA检查时间及入院患者预后转归情况。结果申请科室以急诊内科为主,检查项目以头颅、胸腹部为主,急诊CTA检查时间对照组中位数为46 min,观察组中位数为20 min,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),对照组37例患者中有8例(21.7%)致残,观察组103例患者中有8例(7.8%)致残,两组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论组建急诊CTA应急平台能缩短急诊CTA影像学检查时间,降低致残率,提高患者生活质量,优化护理人力资源,值得临床推广。     

Morphine-induced suppression of saccharin intake is correlated with elevated corticosterone levels

Rats suppress intake of a saccharin conditioned stimulus (CS) when paired with a drug of abuse. This phenomenon, however, is not uniform across all subjects and is greater following exposure to stress and in animals that more readily self-administer drugs of abuse. The present study was designed to examine these individual differences in intake suppression following seven saccharin-morphine pairings. Plasma corticosterone also was evaluated both before and after conditioning in order to determine whether the magnitude of CS suppression is, or is not, related to circulating corticosterone levels. The findings indicated that, while all rats were exposed to the same number of saccharin-morphine pairings, only half of these animals actually suppressed intake of the saccharin CS. Moreover, the results showed that greater suppression of CS intake was associated with higher corticosterone levels at test (r=-0.84, P<0.0001). Taken together, the results demonstrate that individual differences affect not only the reduction in CS intake following taste-drug pairings, but also the associated cue-induced elevation in circulating corticosterone.     

CTA诊断糖尿病下肢动脉临床分期及下肢动脉狭窄程度的应用价值

目的 探讨CT血管造影（CTA）诊断糖尿病下肢动脉临床分期及下肢动脉狭窄程度的应用价值。方法 选取2015年1月~2017年8月经我院临床诊断为糖尿病下肢动脉疾病的患者89例,所有患者均进行CTA与数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查。整理89例患者DSA与CTA重建图像,由两名经验丰富的放射科诊断医师共同评估观察DSA与CTA重建图像,以DSA检查结果为金标准,对CTA对下肢动脉狭窄程度诊断的灵敏度、特异性及准确度进行计算,并分析CTA对诊断糖尿病下肢动脉临床分析的应用价值。结果 CTA与DSA检查结果一致性较好,以DSA检查结果为金标准,CTA诊断膝上动脉血管狭窄≥50%的灵敏度为97.23%、特异性为97.15%、准确度为97.13%、阳性预测值为94.02%及阴性预测值为97.89%,Kappa=0.945;CTA诊断膝下血管狭窄≥50%诊断的灵敏度为96.12%、特异性为92.05%、准确度为94.13%、阳性预测值为92.22%及阴性预测值为96.34%,Kappa=0875;CTA诊断足动脉血管狭窄的灵敏度为69.21%、特异性为90.95%、准确度为89.03%、阳性预测值为72.34%及阴性预测值为88.86%,Kappa=0.657。结论 CTA诊断糖尿病下肢动脉疾病,能对下肢动脉及其病变区进行直观、全面、清晰的准确显示,有利于影像医生对狭窄程度进行准确分级,可为临床对糖尿病下肢动脉疾病术前评价和筛选提供重要诊断依据。     

颅内段颈内动脉狭窄与眼部动脉血流状态及视网膜血管形态的相关性

目的：探讨颅内段颈内动脉狭窄与眼部动脉血流状态及视网膜血管形态的相关性。

方法：选取2017-01/2018-06因疑似脑缺血来我院就诊的患者251例,根据颈内动脉狭窄程度分为无狭窄组(39例)、轻度狭窄组(80例)、中度狭窄组(83例)、重度狭窄组(49例)。比较四组患者眼部动脉血流动力学指标及视网膜血管管径,分析眼部血流参数与颅内段重度颈内动脉狭窄的相关性及诊断价值。

结果：重度狭窄组患者眼动脉(OA)、视网膜中央动脉(CRA)、睫状后动脉(PCA)的血管血流参数收缩峰流速(PSV)和舒张峰流速(EDV)均低于其他三组,且PSV、EDV与重度狭窄组患者颈内动脉狭窄率呈显著负相关,其中PCA PSV、PCA EDV对颅内段重度颈内动脉狭窄诊断最佳临界值分别为11.26、5.21cm/s。

结论：颅内段颈内动脉狭窄与眼部动脉PSV、EDV呈显著负相关,其中PCA PSV、PCA EDV对于颅内段颈内动脉狭窄最敏感。     

Quantification of coronary arterial stenoses in CTA using fuzzy distance transform

Quantification of coronary arterial stenoses is useful for the diagnosis of several coronary heart diseases. Being noninvasive, economical and informative, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) has become a common modality for monitoring disease status and treatment effects. Here, we present a new method for detecting and quantifying coronary arterial stenosis in CTA using fuzzy distance transform (FDT) approach and a new coherence analysis of observed data for computing expected local diameter. FDT allows computing local depth at each image point in the presence of partial voluming and thus, eliminates the need for binarization, commonly, associated with inclusion of additional errors. In the current method, coronary arterial stenoses are detected and their severities are quantified by analyzing FDT values along the medial axis of an arterial tree obtained by its skeletonization. A new skeletal pruning algorithm has been developed toward improving the quality of medial axes and thereby, enhancing the accuracy of stenosis detection and quantification. Further, we have developed a new method to estimate “expected diameter” along a given arterial branch using a new coherence analysis of observed diameter values along the branch. The overall method is completed in the following steps - (1) fuzzy segmentation of coronary artery in CTA, (2) FDT computation of coronary arteries, (3) medial axis computation, (4) estimation of observed and expected diameters along arteries and (5) detection of stenoses and quantification of arterial blockage. The performance of this method has been quantitatively evaluated on a realistic coronary artery phantom dataset with randomly simulated stenoses and the results have been compared with a binary distance transform based and a conventional binary algorithm. The method has also been applied on a clinical CTA dataset from thirteen heart patients and the results have been compared with an expert's quantitative assessment of stenoses. Results of the phantom experiment indicate that the new method (error: 0.53%) is significantly more accurate as compared to both binary distance transform based (error 2.11%) and conventional binary (error 3.71%) methods. Also, the results of the clinical study indicate that the new FDT-based method (kappa coefficient = 87.9%) is highly in agreement with the expert's assessments and, in this respect, outperforms the other two methods (kappa coefficients = 75.2% and 69.5%).     

Medial sural artery perforator flap aided by preoperative computed tomography angiography mapping for tongue reconstruction

The purpose of this paper is to present an innovative method for tongue reconstruction after cancer ablation using the medial sural artery perforator flap with the aid of preoperative computed tomography angiography (CTA) mapping. We describe the case of one patient treated with this technique and illustrate the anatomy of perforator vessels and the surgical techniques used in flap harvest. CTA was applied preoperatively to assess the number and location of medial sural artery perforators. The result obtained was both aesthetically and functionally satisfactory. The flap presented has the advantage of less donor site morbidity, and being thin, it is a suitable option for tongue reconstruction including that of a hemiglossectomy defect. CTA is an effective means of improving the safety of flap harvest.     

出血型烟雾病的临床分析

目的探讨出血型烟雾病的临床治疗效果。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,分析本院收治的出血型烟雾病患者临床资料,根据CTA检查结果实施手术治疗。结果手术治疗均顺利进行,所有患者术后进行格拉斯格评分：Ⅰ级15例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级5例,Ⅳ级1例。术后均未出现脑缺血和再出血。结论脉络膜前动脉的破裂出血后采取积极有效的措施避免再出血的发生,是治疗烟雾病脑出血的有效措施。