Increased NoGo-anteriorisation in first-episode schizophrenia patients during Continuous Performance Test

OBJECTIVE: NoGo-stimuli during a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) activate prefrontal brain structures such as the anterior cingulate gyrus and lead to an anteriorisation of the positive electrical field of the NoGo-P300 relative to the Go-P300, so-called NoGo-anteriorisation (NGA). NGA during CPT is regarded as a neurophysiological standard index for cognitive response control. While it is known that patients with chronic schizophrenia exhibit a significant reduction in NGA, it is unclear whether this also occurs in patients undergoing their first-episode. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine NGA in a group of patients with first-episode schizophrenia by utilizing a CPT paradigm. METHODS: Eighteen patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 18 matched healthy subjects were investigated electrophysiologically during a cued CPT, and the parameters of the Go- and NoGo-P300 were determined using microstate analysis. Low resolution tomography analysis (LORETA) was used for source determination. RESULTS: Due to a more posterior Go- and a more anterior NoGo-centroid, NGA was greater in patients than in healthy controls. LORETA indicated the same sources for both groups after Go-stimuli, but a more anterior source in patients after NoGo-stimuli. In patients P300-amplitude responses to both Go- and NoGo-stimuli were decreased, and P300-latency to NoGo-stimuli was increased. After the Go-stimuli false reactions and reaction times were increased in patients. CONCLUSIONS: Attention was reduced in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, as indicated by more false reactions, prolongation of reaction time, P300-latencies and by a decrease in P300-amplitude. Significantly however, the NGA and prefrontal LORETA-sources indicate intact prefrontal brain structures in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Previously described changes in this indicator of prefrontal function may be related to a progressive decay in chronic schizophrenia. SIGNIFICANCE: The results support the idea of a possible new biological marker of first episode psychosis, which may be a useful parameter for the longitudinal measurement of changing prefrontal brain function in a single schizophrenia patient.     

Providing Interdisciplinary Geriatric Team Care: What Does It Really Take?

We concur with Speer and Schneider's arguments (2003 ; this issue) that more psychologists should offer mental health services to older adults and that the primary care system is a good focus of such efforts. Three issues deserve more prominence in their review. First, their argument that older adults are averse to mental health services seems incorrect, given research indicating that older adults prefer psychotherapy to medication for treatment of depression. Second, psychologists working in primary care need to be aware of new Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes that allow documentation of psychological work in medical settings. Third, Speer and Schneider allude to interdisciplinary team functioning, but provide little information about models of team care or issues in developing a well-functioning interdisciplinary team; this commentary expands on those topics.     

Correlation between genotype,metabolic data,and clinical presentation in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) deficiency

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2) deficiency, the most common inherited disease of the mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation, may result in distinct clinical phenotypes, namely a mild adult muscular form and a severe hepatocardiomuscular disease with an onset in the neonatal period or in infancy. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the difference in severity between these phenotypes, we analyzed a cohort of 20 CPT2-deficient patients being affected either with the infantile (seven patients) or the adult onset form of the disease (13 patients). Using a combination of direct sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 13 CPT2 mutations were identified, including five novel ones, namely: 371G>A (R124Q), 437A>C (N146T), 481C>T (R161W), 983A>G (D328G), and 1823G>C (D608H). After updating the spectrum of CPT2 mutations (n=39) and genotypes (n=38) as well as their consequences on CPT2 activity and LCFA oxidation, it appears that both the type and location of CPT2 mutations and one or several additional genetic factors to be identified would modulate the LCFA flux and therefore the severity of the disease.     

干扰肥胖小鼠心肌组织中CPT1b的表达对活性氧簇代谢的影响

摘 要 目的 研究干扰肥胖小鼠心肌CPT1b的表达对心肌活性氧簇（ROS）的影响。方法 4周龄的雄性C57小鼠，随机分为三组，分别为正常对照组（N-mock）、肥胖对照组（O-mock）及肥胖干预组（O-CPT1b），对肥胖组小鼠进行高脂饮食造肥胖模型。6周龄时，向干预组小鼠心肌注射靶向CPT1b （O-CPT1b）或靶向无关基因（N-mock、O-mock）的重组慢病毒。继续喂养10周后，取小鼠心肌，Western blot检测CPT1b的蛋白表达量；行油红O染色检测心肌组织中性脂质含量；使用冷冻切片染色法及流式细胞术检测心肌细胞中 ROS。结果 RT-PCR 和Western blot结果显示，携带CPT1b基因的短发夹RNA显著下调了O-CPT1b小鼠心肌组织中CPT1b的表达；肥胖引起心肌组织内中性脂质蓄积增多，下调CPT1b的表达增加了心肌内中性脂质的含量；高脂饮食还导致心肌ROS的含量显著增加，而下调CPT1b的表达可以改善甚至逆转这一进程。结论 CPT1b在肥胖小鼠心肌的ROS生成增多中起重要作用，下调小鼠心肌组织的CPT1b表达或许会通过减轻心肌氧化应激而改善肥胖性心脏重构。     

Accuracy of administrative claims data to identify dose specific rotavirus vaccination information: Implications for studies of vaccine safety

BackgroundThe accuracy of vaccine administration information recorded in administrative claims databases is uncertain.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the HealthCore Integrated Research Database^SM among infants who received at least 1 RotaTeq^® (RV5) dose during the first year of life between February 1, 2006 and November 30, 2012 and were enrolled in the health plan at birth. We reviewed medical records for a sample of infants to validate vaccine administration information.ResultsWe identified 169,560 infants who received at least 1 RV5 dose. Medical records were obtained for 85 infants, of which 74 (PPV1 87.1%; 95% CI 78.0–93.4%) had a corresponding first RV5 vaccination in the medical record with the same or similar administration date.ConclusionsAdministrative claims contained inaccuracies in dose number or administration date for 13% of RV5 first doses identified.     

Rotavirus vaccination compliance and completion in a Medicaid infant population

We examined completion and compliance rates of rotavirus (RV) vaccination according to the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Food and Drug Administration approved Prescribing Information (PI) for Rotarix^® (RV1, GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) and RotaTeq^® (RV5, Merck and Co.) among infants under one year of age covered by Medicaid programs. Healthcare claims data from state Medicaid programs that constituted the Truven Health MarketScan^® Multi-State Medicaid Database were retrieved from May 2008–June 2012. Infants were grouped under PI and ACIP cohorts based on the dosing regimens followed. The overall compliance per PI (n = 673,956) and ACIP (n = 695,612) recommendations were 24.5% and 28.2%, respectively; completion rates were 30.3% and 32.6%, respectively. In the PI cohort, infants who received RV1 had significantly higher compliance as compared with infants who received RV5 (65.2% vs. 31.3%; p < 0.0001); completion rates among infants receiving RV1 and RV5 were 65.3% and 46.4%, respectively (p < 0.0001). In the ACIP cohort, compliance with RV1 was significantly higher than RV5 (68.8% vs. 45.9%; p < 0.0001) as was the overall completion rate (73.5% vs. 48.8%; p < 0.0001). While compliance is increasing year over year, overall compliance of RV vaccines is suboptimal, with over 40% of eligible infants unvaccinated in both populations. The 2-dose RV vaccine showed better completion rates and higher compliance than the 3-dose RV vaccine in the United States. Public health initiatives focusing on suboptimal compliance and completion rates of RV vaccination in the Medicaid population could improve these metrics, thereby offering protection against RV infection.     

Priorities for Closing the Evidence-Practice Gaps in Poststroke Aphasia Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review

Objective

To identify implementation priorities for poststroke aphasia management relevant to the Australian health care context.

肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1对60Co γ射线照射大鼠小肠上皮细胞IEC-6增殖的影响及相关机制研究

目的探索60Co γ射线诱导大鼠小肠上皮细胞(IEC-6)中CPT1A和CPT1B蛋白表达变化, 并进一步研究肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1(CPT1)变化对受照细胞增殖的影响及相关分子机制。方法 IEC-6细胞经棕榈酸、血清饥饿以及血清饥饿联合棕榈酸处理后, 给予0、5、10或15 Gy60Co γ射线照射, 照射后24 h收集细胞并提取蛋白, 利用Western blot方法检测CPT1A和CPT1B蛋白的表达水平变化;ETO是CPT1的小分子抑制剂, 利用克隆形成率实验和CCK-8实验分析ETO抑制CPT1对60Co γ射线照射IEC-6细胞存活及增殖的影响;利用Western blot方法检测5 Gy60Co γ射线照射ETO处理IEC-6细胞48 h后细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)蛋白表达及磷酸化水平变化。结果棕榈酸处理组中, CPT1A蛋白在15 Gy γ射线照射后表达量显著增加(t=-2.82, P<0.05)。血清饥饿处理组中, CPT1A蛋白在5、10和15 Gy γ射线照射后表达量明显升高(t=-3.28、-8.72、-8.67...