Abdominal Pumping

This article reviews the author's experience with a form of interposed abdominal compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (IAC-CPR) in the United Kingdom. The development of the technique based upon animal resuscitation, including the use of phasic compression (abdominal pumping) for the resuscitation of rats from 30 minutes of cardiac arrest due to hypothermia, is reviewed. A simple technique for clinical use is described. The technique uses a hard-covered book or bean-shaped board applied to the abdomen below the umbilicus and compressed alternately with cardiac massage while respiration is assisted. Anecdotal clinical results suggest that further controlled clinical investigation is warranted.     

听骨链多层螺旋CT曲面重建及临床应用

目的研究听骨链的CT曲面重建(CPR)方法,评估其临床应用价值。方法165耳(122例)行颞骨轴位高分辨率CT检查,对听骨链行CPR。50例(80耳)为正常听骨链,72例(85耳)为病变组。主要扫描参数:准直0.5mm,螺距0.875,重建间隔0.2~0.3mm,重建矩阵1024×1024。结果(1)正常听骨链组:1幅图像上清晰显示3个听骨及其关节。(2)临床应用:39例颞骨外伤中,听骨链异常的18例;锤砧关节半脱位及脱位各5例,砧镫关节半脱位及脱位分别为5例及6例,锤骨柄骨折1例。16例外耳发育不良中,骨性外耳道闭锁13例,膜性3例。骨性外耳道闭锁最常见的伴随听骨畸形是锤骨柄发育不全(10例),中耳腔变窄、听骨缺如3例,锤砧融合伴砧骨长突缺如1例。不伴随先天性外耳发育不良的听骨畸形2例,1例为双耳砧骨长突缺如,另1例为砧骨长突发育不全伴砧镫关节不连。慢性中耳乳突炎15例,6例合并胆脂瘤者听骨均有不同程度的破坏,鼓室硬化症1例。结论听骨链的多层螺旋CT曲面重建是诊断传导性耳聋的有效方法。     

235例院前急救分析

目的　探讨院前急救的特点。方法　回顾性分析 2 35例院前急救的疾病分类及心肺复苏(CPR)成功率状况。结果　需现场急救的疾病前 3位是脑血管疾病、外科急症、心血管疾病 ,分别占 2 6 38%、2 3 38%和 17 4 5 % ;现场需CPR者 5 3例 ,4 0～ 4 5岁以下以车祸、坠楼、中毒、意外居多 ,6 0岁以上以心、脑血管疾病为主 ,CPR成功率低 ,仅 5 6 6 % ,主要与CPR开始时间延迟相关。结论　院前急救的重点是心、脑血管疾病和外伤 ;缩短CPR开始时间 ,提高CPR抢救成功率     

院前急救1241次分析

目的:探讨综合性医院院前急救面临的问题和对策。方法:统计分析本科2006年7月1日至2007年6月30日院前急救次数以及空车率、呼救原因、现场施救措施以及复苏成功率、备车时间、路程耗时、呼叫-施救间期、院前急救收入和欠费情况。结果:院前急救出诊任务1241次,实际急救1023人,空车返回125次,空车率为10.07%;呼救原因前三位是创伤、心脑血管急症、急性中毒,占实际的71.85%;其中仅需转运服务占22.09%(226例);现场心肺复苏61例,成功5例,成功率仅为8.20%;平均呼叫-施救间期11.2±4.3min;有12.65%的院前急救任务无法收到应得费用约占应得收入的5%。结论:区分一般帮助和紧急医疗救护有利于合理使用现有急诊医疗资源,大力普及急救知识和技能是提高心肺复苏效果和抢救成功率的根本途径,进一步探索和完善急诊医疗补偿机制对提高院前急救质量和促进急诊医学发展有重要意义。     

心肺复苏器在心跳骤停抢救中的应用（附42例报告）

目的：探讨影响心肺复苏(CPR)效果的因素，以提高心肺复苏成功率。方法：应用“萨勃”心肺复苏器代替手动武心肺复苏抢救心跳骤停患者1028例。其中42例病因可逆、心跳骤停≤30分钟，从心肺复苏胸外心脏按压时间、胸骨下陷距离、压力方向、节律和按压力量、床垫下陷、病人身材、人工通气等多方面因素与手动武心肺复苏比较。结果：“萨勃”CPR明显优于手动武CPR。结论：“萨勃”CPR克服了手动CPR中因为医护人员或病人影响复苏效果因素，使CPR更趋标准有效，显著提高心肺复苏成功率，值得临床推广应用。     

MSCT曲面重建技术对中下段输尿管结石的诊断价值简

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）曲面重建技术对输尿管结石的诊断价值。方法回顾2011年7月-2013年9月期间,120例中下段输尿管结石患者行MSCT扫描,分析CT轴位图像及曲面重建图像,并对两者的结石检出率进行分析比较。结朵120例输尿管结石曲面重建图像诊断的准确率100％,轴位像为73％。结论多排螺旋CT曲面重建图像较单纯轴位图像对输尿管结石有更高的诊断价值。     

Socioeconomic Status Is Associated with Provision of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Objective. Although socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to multiple health outcomes, there have been few studies of the effect of SES on the provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during cardiac arrest events and no studies that we know of on the effect of SES on the provision of dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR. This study sought to define the relationship between SES and the provision of bystander CPR in an emergency medical system that includes dispatcher-provided CPR instructions. Methods. This study was a retrospective, cohort analysis of cardiac arrests due to cardiac causes occurring in private residences in King County, Washington, from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2005. We used the tax-assessed value of the location of the cardiac arrest as an estimate of the SES of potential bystanders as well as multiple measures from 2000 Census data (education, employment, median household income, and race/ethnicity). We also examined the effect of patient and system characteristics that may affect the provision of bystander CPR. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of these factors with two outcomes: the provision of bystander CPR with and without dispatcher assistance. Results. Forty-four percent (1,151/2,618) of cardiac arrest victims received bystander CPR. Four hundred fifty-seven people (17.5% of the entire study population, 39.7% of those who received any bystander CPR) received CPR without telephone instructions. A total of 694 people received dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR (25.6% of the entire population, 60.4% of those receiving any bystander CPR). After adjusting for demographic and care factors, we found a strong association between the tax-assessed value of the cardiac arrest location and increased odds of the provision of bystander CPR without dispatcher instructions and bystander CPR with dispatcher assistance compared with no bystander CPR. Conclusions. This study suggests that higher bystander SES is associated with increased rates of bystander CPR with and without dispatcher instructions. CPR training programs that target lower-SES communities and assessment of these training methods may be warranted.     

Comparison of central venous and arterial pH and PCO2 during open-chest CPR in the canine model

Arterial blood gases are difficult to obtain during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in human beings, and the possibility of venous sampling is raised frequently. The reliability of central venous gases as a substitute for arterial blood gases in assessing acid base status, however, has not been investigated adequately under conditions of CPR. Therefore, femoral arterial and central venous catheters were placed in 24 mongrel dogs, and ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced. After varying predetermined downtimes from five to 60 minutes, open-chest CPR was begun, and arterial and central venous blood gases were simultaneously drawn every five minutes during a 30-minute period. Arterial pH (pHa) was consistently higher than central venous pH (pHcv) by an average of .048 units. A significant correlation existed between the pHa and pHcv at all times during CPR, with an overall r = .9771 (P less than .0001). The difference between central venous PCO2 (PcvCO2) and arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) was 5.17 mm Hg prior to cardiac arrest, but it increased 300% to a mean of 15.51 mm Hg during CPR. Correction of pHcv using conventional methods to account for this respiratory component decreased the correlation between pHa and pHcv to r = .6905. The ability of pHcv to substitute for pHa was assessed, and showed a sensitivity of 100% when pHa of 7.2 was used as a criterion for treatment. In this model, pHcv is a sensitive indicator of pHa and it may be used to guide bicarbonate therapy. The increased PcvCO2 during CPR probably results from the marked tissue lactic acid production and subsequent shift of the bicarbonate buffer into free carbon dioxide.