重庆市城市居民1991～2000年死亡损失生命年分析

目的：研究重庆市城市居民20世纪90年代疾病所致早死的生命损失。方法：用死亡损失生命年YLLs为测量单位，计算不同性别、不同社区的死因别标化YLLs率，及分析1991～2000年死因别标化YLLs率的变化趋势。结果：非传染性疾病标化YLLs率为42.58‰，占全死因的82.76%，其中，恶性肿瘤标化YLLs率为12.80‰，占30.06%，脑血管疾病标化YLLs率 6.62‰，占15.55%，呼吸系统疾病标化YLLs率5.77‰，占13.55%，心脏病标化YLLs率4.38‰，占10.29%；意外死亡标化YLLs率为7.59‰，占全死因的14.75%；传染病、妇科及围产期疾病标化YLLs率为1.28‰，仅占2.49%。在社区之间，死因别标化YLLs率存在明显差异。结核病和精神病标化YLLs率曾出现上升趋势。结论：非传染性疾病已成为该城市居民的主要疾病负担，结核病防治不能放松，精神卫生工作急待开展。     

1990—2019年中国女性乳腺癌发病及死亡趋势的年龄-时期-队列模型分析

背景 乳腺癌位居全球女性癌因死亡首位,具有发病率高、疾病负担重等特点。目的 评估1990—2019年中国女性乳腺癌发病率及死亡率的流行变化趋势。方法 提取《2019年全球疾病负担》数据库中1990—2019年中国≥15岁女性乳腺癌发病及死亡数据,应用年龄-时期-队列的贝叶斯模型对中国1990—2019年女性乳腺癌发病及死亡趋势进行拟合,进一步估计中国女性乳腺癌发病及死亡风险中的年龄效应、时期效应和队列效应。结果 1990—2019年中国女性乳腺癌粗发病率从14.14/10万升至52.81/10万,粗死亡率从7.22/10万升至13.40/10万。乳腺癌标化发病率总体呈上升趋势(1990年为17.07/10万,2019年为35.61/10万),标化死亡率呈平稳略减趋势(1990年为9.16/10万,2019年为8.98/10万)。年龄-时期-队列模型分析结果显示：所有年龄组女性乳腺癌发病率净漂移值为2.58%〔95%CI(2.34%,2.83%)〕,局部漂移值在65～69岁年龄段达到最高,为3.46%〔95%CI(3.11%,3.80%)〕;死亡率净漂移值为-0.75%〔95%CI(-1...     

老年慢病共存患者治疗负担量表的研制

背景 老年慢病共存患者治疗负担重,准确、有效评估患者治疗负担可为个性化干预方案制定、干预效果评价提供至关重要的评估工具,但目前尚无本土化的老年慢病共存患者治疗负担量表。目的 研制老年慢病共存患者治疗负担量表并检验其信效度,为科学评价老年慢病共存患者干预措施的效果提供合适的评估工具。方法 通过文献分析和患者访谈构建量表的条目池,通过专家咨询的方式形成初始量表。通过预测试,对初始量表条目的语义、最佳表达方式等做出修改。于2021年9—11月,采用便利抽样法选取老年慢病共存患者294名,使用项目分析和探索性因子分析对初始量表进行条目筛选,形成测试版量表。于2021年11月至2022年1月,采用便利抽样法选择老年慢病共存患者316名,使用信度、效度、可行性对测试版量表进行科学性考评,最终形成正式版量表。结果正式版老年慢病共存患者治疗负担量表包括33个条目、7个维度,7个维度分别为经济负担、自我管理负担、获得医疗服务负担、药物管理负担、药物不良反应负担、社交负担、心理负担。验证性因子分析结果显示,χ2/df=1.506,比较拟合指数（CFI）=0.933,非规准适配指数（TLI）=0.925,标...     

Does Low FEV1 in Addition to Fixed Ratio and/or Lower Limit of Normal of FEV1/FVC Improve Prediction of Mortality in COPD? The NHANES-III-linked-mortality Cohort

Purpose

There is presently an ongoing debate on the relative merits of suggested criteria for spirometric airway obstruction. This study tests the null hypothesis that no superiority exists with the use of fixed ratio (FR) of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7 versus less than lower limit predicted (LLN) criteria with or without FEV1 <80% predicted in regards to future mortality.

The Burden of Stroke in Kurdistan Province,Iran From 2011 to 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to calculate the burden of stroke in Kurdistan Province, Iran between 2011 and 2017.MethodsIncidence data extracted from the hospital information system of Kurdistan Province and death data extracted from the system of registration and classification of causes of death were used in a cross-sectional study. The World Health Organization method was used to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).ResultsThe burden of stroke increased from 2453.44 DALYs in 2011 to 5269.68 in 2017, the years of life lost increased from 2381.57 in 2011 to 5109.68 in 2017, and the years of healthy life lost due to disability increased from 71.87 in 2011 to 159.99 in 2017. The DALYs of ischaemic stroke exceeded those of haemorrhagic stroke. The burden of disease, new cases, and deaths doubled during the study period. The age-standardised incidence rate of ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke in 2017 was 21.72 and 20.72 per 100 000 population, respectively.ConclusionsThe burden of stroke is increasing in Kurdistan Province. Since health services in Iran are based on treatment, steps are needed to revise the current treatment services for stroke and to improve the quality of services. Policy-makers and managers of the health system need to plan to reduce the known risk factors for stroke in the community. In addition to preventive interventions, efficient and up-to-date interventions are recommended for the rapid diagnosis and treatment of stroke patients in hospitals. Along with therapeutic interventions, preventive interventions can help reduce the stroke burden.     

1990-2019年中国动脉粥样硬化心血管病疾病负担变化及其危险因素分析

目的 量化分析1990-2019年我国动脉粥样硬化心血管病（ASCVD）疾病负担及其主要危险因素影响的变化趋势。方法 利用2019年全球疾病负担（GBD2019）研究结果,以伤残调整寿命年（DALY）及其年龄标准化率为指标,分析1990-2019年我国ASCVD疾病负担和危险因素归因疾病负担的变化情况,并采用Gupta建立的分解法对人口增长、老龄化、年龄别患病率和疾病严重程度所致的DALY变化进行了量化分析。结果 2019年我国61.00%的心血管病疾病负担由ASCVD所致,缺血性心脏病的DALY较1990年增长了133.66%,其中29.57%可归因于人口增长、108.74%归因于人口老龄化、8.87%归因于年龄别患病率的增加、-13.53%归因于疾病严重程度;缺血性卒中的DALY较1990年增长了138.64%,归因于上述4部分的变化率依次为30.95%、123.38%、55.80%和-71.49%。2019年高血压依然是ASCVD首要危险因素,其次是高LDL-C,归因于饮酒的年龄标准化DALY率较1990年增幅最大（486.01%）,年均增长10.93%。结论 1990-2019年,人口老龄化是我国ASCVD疾病负担大幅增长最主要的原因,而其他可改变危险因素的不利趋势,特别是代谢性危险因素的持续流行同样不容忽视。     

Zarit burden interview among caregivers of community-dwelling older adults in a caribbean setting (Jamaica): Reliability and factor structure

The Zarit Burden Interview has been the most popularly used tool for measuring caregiver burden and with the 60 years and over population in Jamaica and developing countries expected to increase, caregiver burden and its assessment assume increased importance. Establishing the reliability and underlying factor structure of instruments such as the ZBI is critical. This study sought to determine the reliability of the Zarit Burden Interview and to assess its underlying factor structure. The ZBI was administered to 180 caregivers of community dwelling older persons in Jamaica in a nationally representative sample across four geographic health regions in 2016. The factor structure was identified using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with Varimax rotation. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess internal consistency/reliability of the instrument. The internal consistency/reliability of the ZBI instrument was high (Cronbach's α = 0.859) and the corrected item-total correlations ranged from 0.134 to 0.730. The ZBI mean score was found to be 16.92 ± 12.04. EFA produced a six-factor model comprised of 19 items which explained 48.97% of total variance, and was subsequently reduced to four (37.27% of total variance) via the use of parallel analysis and scrutiny of confidence intervals. The four factors identified were ‘personal strain’, ‘social relations disruption’, ‘resource strain/imbalance’ and ‘role intensity’. The ZBI-22 tool is a reliable instrument for evaluating caregiver burden among community dwelling older persons in Jamaica. A four factor model has emerged providing greater insights on the underlying constructs of the ZBI, the most widely used caregiver burden assessment tool.     

失能调整生命年在煤矿职业性疾病负担分析中的应用

为估计煤矿外伤性截瘫疾病负担,采用横断面抽样调查,共抽样调查全国５ 个统配矿务局的２６ 个煤矿。以煤矿外伤性截瘫的患病和死亡资料为基础,用失能调整生命年（ＤＡＬＹ） 估计煤矿外伤性截瘫疾病负担。结果表明：煤矿外伤性截瘫疾病负担为每千人口３２２５ＤＡＬＹ。各矿务局比较：铜川矿务局外伤性截瘫疾病负担最重,每千人口５４４７ ＤＡＬＹ,高于５ 个矿务局的平均水平每千人口３２２５ＤＡＬＹ。其次为阳泉、峰峰矿务局、三路安矿务局和晋城矿务局,分别为每千人口２７ ．８５ 、２６ ．６０ 、１５１０ 和１１ ．７１ＤＡＬＹ。结果提示：ＤＡＬＹ 可用于煤矿职业性疾病负担分析。各统配矿务局外伤性截瘫的ＤＡＬＹ 差异较大