士兵体能训练卫生规范

以部队装备和士兵体质现状为基础，制定了士兵体能训练卫生规范。《规范》主要规定了以下三部分内容：①部队士兵进行基本体能训练应遵循循序渐进、超负荷训练及适宜恢复等生理卫生要求；耐力、力量和柔韧性训练的方式、强度和时间；体能训练的组织实施等，以使体能训练负荷与机体的生理状态相适应；②体能训练的卫生监督，针对体能训练中可能遇到的医学问题进行监督，能够防止训练伤、过度疲劳及其它医学事故的出现，保障体能训练的顺利进行；③体能训练的医学效果评价。本标准适用于陆军部队士兵基本体能训练。海、空军地勤部队士兵的体能训练亦可参照执行。     

西藏地区农牧民生活习俗与包囊虫病的关系调查

目的　探讨西藏地区农、牧民生活习俗与包囊虫病的关系。方法　自制问卷对 7个县 2 40个家庭 163 1名成员与包囊虫感染有关的生活习俗进行调查分析。结果　饭前便后洗手的人仅有 16 1%,餐具一般都用天然水洗 ,大部家庭用天然绵羊绒擦洗茶具。大多数人都喝过河溪水 ,池塘水 ,人人都吃半生不熟的肉 ,半数以上的吃生肉和生血肠 ,绝大多数人喝未经消毒的鲜牛、羊奶。 10 0 %家庭养狗 ,所有人员与狗、羊、牛、马接触密切。包囊虫病人占调查人数 0 43 %( 7/ 163 1) ,有典型症状者占 0 67%( 11/ 163 1)。结论　当地居民感染包囊虫与不良生活习俗有关     

广州市1996—2005年管网末梢水卫生状况及对策分析

目的了解广州市管网末梢水的水质情况，为随时监测全市生活饮用水水质的动态变化提供信息并提出改进措施。方法对广州市1996—2005年管网末梢水水质监测资料进行统计，按照GB5749—85《生活饮用水卫生标准》和卫生部《生活饮用水卫生规范》（2001年）进行分析评价。结果共监测606份水样，合格155份，合格率为25．58％。不合格的项目主要有锰、游离余氯、细菌总数、色度、铁和耗氧量。在广州市疾病预防控制中心检测的项目中，锰的合格率仅为59．57％，游离余氯的合格率为76．73％，细菌总数的合格率为85．81％，色度的合格率为88．12％，铁的合格率为88．94％，耗氧量的合格率为96．37％。结论广州市管网末梢水的锰、游离余氯、细菌总数和铁等项目合格率较低，今后应加强饮水的氯化消毒、对管网的定期检修和冲洗、减少二次供水水箱的使用和设立管网水水质自动监测系统。     

武汉市旅店业卫生间三大卫生用品消毒前后细菌污染调查

目的了解武汉市旅店业卫生间用品的卫生状况。方法随机采样监测了武汉市１０家旅店卫生间三大卫生用品（坐便器座垫、浴池、洗面盆）消毒前后细菌污染情况。结果武汉市旅店业卫生间三大卫生用品细菌污染较严重;消毒处理后,细菌总数均值虽有降低但仍较高,并可检出大肠菌群。结论旅店卫生间清洗消毒工作不力,亟待加强     

Quinto Tiberio Angelerio and New Measures for Controlling Plague in 16th-Century Alghero,Sardinia

Plague, a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, has been responsible for at least 3 pandemics. During 1582–1583, a plague outbreak devastated the seaport of Alghero in Sardinia. By analyzing contemporary medical texts and local documentation, we uncovered the pivotal role played by the Protomedicus of Alghero, Quinto Tiberio Angelerio (1532–1617), in controlling the epidemic. Angelerio imposed rules and antiepidemic measures new to the 16th-century sanitary system of Sardinia. Those measures undoubtedly spared the surrounding districts from the spread of the contagion. Angelerio seems to have been an extremely successful public health officer in the history of plague epidemics in Sardinia.     

创建天津国际卫生机场的SWOT分析

目的分析天津机场创建国际卫生机场的前景。方法运用SWOT分析法全面分析天津创建国际卫生机场面临的优势、劣势、机遇及风险。结果天津机场基础设施较为完善,检验检疫机构技术储备充分,基本满足创建标准要求。结论创卫工作是未来发展大势所趋,口岸检验检疫机构应积极争取地方政府支持,努力调动创建主体积极性。     

Integration of municipal state,society and university efforts for sanitary risk prevention associated with Aedes aegypti mosquito in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires,Argentina

The sanitary problem of Aedes aegypti mosquito acquires relevance around the world because it is the vector of dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever. The vector is adapting to southern regions faster, and the propagation of these diseases in urban areas is a complex problem for society. We aimed to contribute to the risk prevention of disease transmission in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, through monitoring Aedes aegypti population levels and developing education campaigns with government agencies and society participation. Monitoring activities aimed to diagnose the presence of the vector and its ecology behaviour, and to generate education and prevention politics to avoid its propagation. The results show that (1) the mosquito is in the territory and it is spreading, (2) prevention activities of the municipalities are insufficient to generate an effective sanitary response and (3) it is necessary to improve the education programmes to the population about the life cycle of the vector. The integration of university, government and society improved the work of the team because it combined knowledge about vector ecology, diseases and territory characteristics.     

2011-2013年通海县公共场所用品用具卫生状况分析

目的了解通海县公共场所用品用具卫生检测合格状况,为今后更好地进行监督管理提供依据。方法对2011-2013年通海县公共场所用品用具卫生监测情况进行分析。结果 2011-2013年共检测1 355份公共场所用品用具,合格1 185份,合格率为87.45%。不同公共场所用品用具合格率最高为旅店业（94.09%）,娱乐场所合格率最低（78.71%）;不同种类用品用具合格率床上用品类最高（98.17%）,杯具类合格率最低（76.17%）。结论通海县公共场所用品用具卫生质量仍存在一些问题,应加强对娱乐场所用品用具清洗、消毒卫生的监管工作。     

舰船环球航行卫勤保障中护士职能扩展需求调查

目的 了解环球航行卫勤保障中护士职能扩展需求及相关对策。方法 借舰船环球航行,自行设计了环球航行卫勤保障中全职护士职责履行时间及人次调查表进行实地调查统计。结果 护理操作在环球航行履行工作内容量在所占人次百分比57．12％,用时所占比率为41．64％。非护士职能如机械维护、特诊配合及其他工作用时约占护士卫勤保障职责任务的25％。结论 “全职护士”是执行环球航行等特殊任务的要求和必需。岗前培训、人员专业素质等是保证任务完成的重要因素。     

An assessment of microbiological water quality of six water source categories in north-east Uganda

Target 7C of the Millennium Development Goals is to “halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation”. However, the corresponding indicator measures the “proportion of population using an improved drinking water source”. This raises the question of whether “safe” and “improved” can be used interchangeably. This paper tests this hypothesis by comparing microbiological water quality in 346 different water sources across the District of Amuria in Uganda to each other and to defined standards, including the WHO drinking water standard of zero TTC per 100 ml, and the Ugandan national standard of 50 TTC per 100 ml. The water sources were grouped into six different categories: boreholes, protected springs, covered hand dug wells, open hand dug wells, open water and roofwater harvesting. The paper concludes that the ranking from the highest to the lowest microbiological quality water was: boreholes, protected springs and roofwater harvesting, open and covered hand dug wells, open water. It also concludes that sanitary surveys cannot be used to predict water quality precisely; however they are an essential component of the monitoring of safe water supplies.