Human papillomavirus typing with a polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping array compared with type-specific PCR

BACKGROUND: Type-specific persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can cause invasive cervical cancer. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of HPV detection and typing with a general polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genotyping array and to compare it with a type-specific PCR assay. STUDY DESIGN: Four hundred and thirty-three cervical samples were tested with a modified MY11/GP6+ PCR-based reverse-blot assay (EasyChip HPV Blot; King Car, Taiwan [hereafter HPV Blot]) and with 20 genotypes of L1-type-specific PCR (HPV-6, -11, -16, -18, -31, -33, -35, -39, -45, -51, -52, -53, -56, -58, -59, -62, -66, -68, -70, and -71 [CP8061]). RESULTS: The concordance of the two tests in determining HPV positivity was 96.8% (419/433), with a Cohen's kappa=0.93 (95% CI: 0.90-0.97) and McNemar's test of P=1.0, which indicates excellent agreement. The overall concordance of the two tests in the identification of type-specific HPV was 91.0% (394/433). Sensitivity (90-100%), specificity (99.2-100%), and accuracy (98.6-100%) rates of HPV Blot against the gold standard were satisfactory for HPV-16, -18, -58, -33, -52, -39, -45, -31, -51, -70 while HPV-71 (63.6%) had suboptimal sensitivity. Though the kappa values between the two tests for many individual genotypes could not be reliably calculated because of low positivity, the kappa values for HPV-16, -52, and -58 were excellent (0.93, 0.96, and 0.95, respectively). CONCLUSION: The modified MY11/GP6+ PCR-based HPV Blot assay is accurate and sensitive for detection and genotyping of HPV in cervical swab samples.     

Hp分型和消化性溃疡的关系

目的:探索幽门螺杆菌(Hp)的分型以及Hp分型在消化性溃疡中的构成比,评价Hp分型对消化性溃疡的临床意义.方法:采用免疫印迹法检测89例确诊消化性溃疡(胃镜确诊)且伴有Hp感染患者血清中与Hp感染相关的抗体.根据检测到的细胞毒素(CagA)、空泡毒素(VacA)、尿素酶(Urease)等其他Hp抗体,将患者分为Ⅰ型或Ⅱ型Hp感染.结果:在89例消化性溃疡患者中Ⅰ型感染胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡发生率显著高于Ⅱ型感染,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).而69例HpⅠ型感染者中,CagA+VacA双阳性率显著高于单个CagA/VacA抗体检出率,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:用免疫印迹法对消化性溃疡进行分型,有利于病情的判断,对治疗有一定的指导作用.     

反向线性点杂交方法检测embB基因突变在筛查结核分枝杆菌耐多药株的研究

目的:利用反向线性点杂交(Reverse Line Blot assay,RLB)技术建立检测embB基因突变筛查结核分枝杆菌耐多药株(指至少对异烟肼和利福平两种以上药物产生耐药的结核分枝杆菌,multi-drug resistant tuberculosis,MDR-TB)的方法。方法:采用比例法药敏试验检测301株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的耐药表型,分别用测序及反向线性点杂交方法检测embB基因突变位点,并用比例法药敏试验作为表型检测对照方法,测序作为基因型检测对照方法,对RLB方法筛查耐多药株进行评价。结果:经表型药敏检测耐多药株占57.9%,非耐多药株占25.2%,全敏感株占16.9%。经测序检测94株发生embB Met306突变,其中89.4%(84/94)的突变发生在耐多药株1,0.6%为非耐多药株。Met306突变率在乙胺丁醇(Ethambutol,EMB)耐药组46.9%与乙胺丁醇敏感组47.8%间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P>0.05),而突变率在耐多药组为48.3%与非耐多药组13.2%间差异有统计学意义(χ2=48.53,P<0.01)。用反向线性点杂交检测embB基因突变位点与测序法相比敏感度为96.8%,特异度为99.0%,二者一致率达98.3%。用反向线性点杂交检测耐多药株与表型检测方法相比敏感度为48.3%,特异度为88.2%,二者一致率为60.4%。结论:反向线性点杂交方法检测em-bB基因突变可在常规检测中替代测序法快速筛查结核分枝杆菌耐多药株。     

Epidemiology of tick‐borne pathogens in the semi‐arid and the arid agro‐ecological zones of Punjab province,Pakistan

Tick‐borne diseases (TBDs) have a large impact on animal health and the livelihood of livestock owners, particularly in developing countries. Although climatic and ecological conditions in Pakistan may favour the transmission of tick‐borne pathogens (TBPs), only a few systematic studies have been carried out on TBPs and the diseases that they cause in this country. To improve our understanding of the distribution of TBPs, 3,807 ticks were collected from ruminants (n = 369) on 108 livestock farms (semi‐arid zone = 36, arid zone = 72) in Punjab Province. After morphological identification ticks were pooled into 405 pools (Hyalomma anatolicum = 300, Rhipicephalus microplus = 89, Hyalomma dromedarii = 9, Rhipicephalus turanicus = 7) based on their species, locality of collection, and the host. DNA from each pool was screened by a Reverse Line Blot (RLB) hybridization assay for the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Babesia, and Theileria species. DNA from at least one TBP was found in 142 (35.1%) pools. Among the positive pools, 91 (64.1%) had a mixed infection with two or more TBPs, whereas 51 (35.9%) pools were infected with a single TBP. The detected pathogens not only included species that were known to be endemic in Pakistan, such as Theileria annulata (6.7%), Theileria orientalis (3.5%), Anaplasma marginale (5.7%), Anaplasma centrale (2.7%), Anaplasma ovis (1.5%), Babesia bigemina (0.7%), and Babesia bovis (0.2%), but also several TBPs that had not been reported to occur in Pakistan before. This included Ehrlichia minasensis (3.2%), an Anaplasma platys‐like organism (1.2%), Babesia occultans (0.2%), and Rickettsia massiliae (0.2%), as well as two previously uncharacterized species: Ehrlichia sp. Multan (18.0%) and Anaplasma sp. (BL099‐6) (2.22%). The pathogenicity of these novel species remains to be examined. This study shows that a much broader spectrum of TBPs is present in Pakistan than previously thought, including several zoonotic pathogens.     

Type-specific human papillomavirus DNA testing with the genotyping array: a comparison of cervical and vaginal sampling

Objective

To compare the detection and typing of human papillomavirus (HPV) between vaginal and cervical specimens by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based reverse-blot genotyping arrays.

Study design

Two hundred and fifty-two women were referred to colposcopy clinics because of suspicious or positive results in a community-based cervical cancer-screening program. Genital tract cells were sampled from the cervix and self-collected from the vagina and tested with the HPV Blot kit.

Results

The HPV Blot kit identified HPV infection in 24.7% of vaginal specimens and in 30.2% of cervical collections. Cervical sampling detected significantly more infections compared to vaginal sampling only for HPV type 52; cervical sampling also detected significantly more high-risk HPV infection overall. The sensitivities of detecting histology ≥cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 using the HPV Blot in vaginal and cervical specimens were 75.0% (95% CI, 47.6-92.7%) and 87.5% (95% CI, 61.6-98.4%), respectively (P = 0.48). Both sampling methods were thus statistically effective at detecting high-grade lesions and cervical cancer (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The HPV Blot yielded similar results for both vaginal sampling and cervical sampling in the detection of CIN grade 3 or worse. These findings indicate that self-sampling for HPV testing is a viable cervical cancer screening option.     

长期口服天麻素对SAMP8鼠记忆力及额叶Sst表达的影响

目的:研究长期口服天麻素对SAMP8鼠记忆力的影响及与额叶Sst表达水平的关系。方法:将4月龄雄性SAMP8鼠20只随机分成2组:天麻素治疗组和对照组。治疗组每只鼠平均每日饮10ml含60μg/ml天麻素的蒸馏水,对照组每日仅饮用蒸馏水,直至12月龄。然后,观察两组鼠皮毛、眼睑、运动等基本情况;并通过passive-avoidance-test实验检测两组鼠对疼痛刺激的短期记忆力;同时用QRT-PCR(quantitative real time polymerase c hain reaction)和Western Blot分别检测两组鼠额叶生长抑素(somatostatin,Sst)的转录水平和表达水平。结果:天麻素治疗组小鼠的毛发光泽好、眼睑无炎症、较活跃,而对照组小鼠脱毛明显、部分小鼠眼睑有炎症、运动少;Passive-avoidance-test实验中天麻素治疗组小鼠明室停留时间及进入暗室小鼠的比例与对照组相比具有显著性差别;QRT-PCR结果显示,天麻素治疗组小鼠额叶中Sst转录水平较对照组升高,二者比较差别具有显著性;Western Blot结果显示,天麻素治疗组小鼠额叶中Sst表达水平较对照组明显升高。结论:天麻素治疗可能通过增进额叶Sst的转录和表达水平以改善SAMP8鼠的学习记忆能力。     

中药血竭乳剂对DM小鼠右后肢肌肉组织中GSK-3β表达的影响

目的:观察血竭乳剂(Dragon's blood)对四氧嘧啶造模糖尿病小鼠肌肉组织中糖原合成酶激酶(GSK-3β)表达的影响。方法:将120只远交系昆明小鼠分为6组,A组为正常对照组,B组为糖尿病模型组,C、D、E组分别为血竭乳剂低、中、高剂量用药组,F组为盐酸二甲双胍(C4H11N5.HCL)用药组,每组20只,A组饲料为标准颗粒饲料,B-F组饲料为高糖高脂饲料。造模成功后,C、D、E组血竭乳剂低、中、高剂量用药分别按125、250、500(mg/kg.d)小鼠体重给予灌胃,B组给予生理盐水等体积灌胃,F组C4H11N5.HCL按100mg/(kg.d)小鼠体重溶于等体积生理盐水给予灌胃,1次/d,连续给药7天。检测空腹血糖(FPG)、肌糖原含量及GSK-3β含量。结果:在给予血竭乳剂低、中、高剂量后,小鼠肌肉组织中GSK-3β蛋白表达比DM模型组下降(P<0.05),比正常对照组升高(P<0.05)。结论:血竭乳剂可增加四氧嘧啶造模糖尿病小鼠肌糖原含量,降低GSK-3β表达水平。     

化瘀通络中药对肾衰大鼠肾组织CTGF蛋白表达的实验研究

目的：采用蛋白质印迹法（Western Blot）检测化瘀通络中药肾络通对5／6肾切除肾衰大鼠残余肾结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）蛋白表达的影响。方法：5／6肾切除制备肾衰大鼠模型，随机分为假手术组、模型组、肾络通组和缬沙坦组，分别灌胃给药16周取材，应用Western Blot法检测肾组织CTGF蛋白的表达。结果：模型组与假手术相比，CTGF蛋白的表达明显增高；肾络通组CTGF蛋白表达较模型组显著降低。结论：肾络通可使慢性进展性纤维化肾组织CTGF蛋白表达下调，延缓5／6肾切除肾衰大鼠的病程进展，提示以CTGF为切入点，运用不同的有效中药组方对其加以研究，将为肾纤维化防治提供新的思路。